Ancients document usually contains multiple noises such as uneven-background, show-through, water-spilling, spots, and blur text. The noise
will affect the binarization process. Binarization is an extremely important
process in image processing, especially for character recognition. This paper
presents an improvement to Nina binarization technique. Improvements were
achieved by reducing processing steps and replacing median filtering by
Wiener filtering. First, the document background was approximated by using
a Wiener filter, and then image subtraction was applied. Furthermore, the
manuscript contrast was adjusted by mapping intensity of image value using
the intensity transformation method. Next, the local Otsu thresholding was
applied. For removing spotting noise, we applied labelled connected
component. The proposed method had been testing on H-DIBCO 2014 and
degraded Jawi handwritten ancient documents. It performed better regarding
recall and precision values, as compared to Otsu, Niblack, Sauvola, Lu, Su,
and Nina, especially in the documents with show-through, water-spilling and
combination noises.

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