in the current situation. and what you decided, what you expect is the relief of the energy with that. it is difficult, with that system for the system that is the other european countries. it is not only on that level, but also the european level. >> any other further questions. >> thank you for coming. we look forward to strengthening the relationship between the us governors and germany.

we appreciate your comments and look forward to working with you. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the closing session of the 2018 national governors association summer meeting. i will tell you, i think i mentioned before it has been a privilege and honor to lead this organization over the past year and as i look over my fellow governors it really is a humbling experience to lead this organization and for those who had the opportunity to be former chairs you can appreciate how i feel right now. when i think back to our last

summer meeting in rhode island i am proud of how far we have come and what we have accomplished together. obviously, i don't lead the nga alone. the organization's entire staff is with me every step of the way. the partisan counsel was crucial not only to my success as chair but to our collective success as governors. for my initiative, trying to look -- to gander is in the room. through the past year, sue and her team have been tireless in their efforts for what they have done with this initiative, to bring our international members together, everyone at in ga i want to thank you. scott, thank you very much for

your leadership and really taking this organization to the next level. if you would join me in thanking scott, sue, and the team for their hard work. [applause] >> i want to thank my colleagues for all of your support. there has been a lot of work. in the time i'm trying to make a better habit of saying what i am thinking, you are an inspiration to me. as i listened to all of you and what you have accomplished in your respective states and what you have done for your respective constituencies it really makes me proud to serve as governor in a very special time. my thanks to all of you. when we left providence i knew

we had the potential to impact the lives of americans in every corner of the country and i'm proud to report that a year later we did just that. i'm grateful to you for playing a park in that effort. the national governors association bridges the aisle. we heard it over and over about the importance of a bipartisan organization and the ability to reach across the aisle and sometimes that is not happening everywhere across the country. it is political cooperation seems to be getting more rare these days but we are all governors but what i like best is we are all friends too. i truly believe in all of you. these past few days have reaffirmed the governors are prepared to roll up their sleeves and work side-by-side to develop and share solutions

that have worked in their states. imitation is the greatest form of flattery and i will tell you i have taken some of your ideas and brought them home but it has made the lives of nevadans better and i appreciate your leadership. over the past few days we have eaten together, laughed together, but most importantly we have learned together. now i turn to the bittersweet portion of our program and recognize saying farewell to our colleagues who conclude their tenure as chief executives of their respective states come january including me. this year we will be bidding farewell to 17 of our fellow governors including myself and governor martinez. some of them couldn't be here with us today. my understanding is we are going to have something up on the board to recognize them. do we have that ready to go? ♪

>> this is the one. [laughter] >> we didn't quite ruin the complete surprise. at any event, there are several governors not here with us today who i would have liked to have recognized but there are two of those that are with me today so i want to first wish those governors in absentia the best and i speak for all of us who are here in the last few months in office and wish them well in the months ahead for them and their families. but i am also as i mentioned in my final year of office so i wanted to give a special nevada themed gift to governors that are with us today.

in nevada and las vegas we suffered a tragedy that hit us harder than anything i could recall and that was on october 1st. i think all of you, governors, who reached out to me when that happened. we also had at the same time a national hockey league franchise, the golden knights. sports sometimes unites us. that was a team of unprecedented success, and expansion franchise, to reaching the stanley cup finals. first i am really proud of the nights and how well they did. i thought i would have something a little special made for two of my colleagues that are here today. i would like to recognize governor merryfield and from the great state of oklahoma.

she served as the 27th governor of oklahoma since 2011, the governor and i had the honor and privilege of traveling to the middle east together and that is something i will always recall fondly. the governor served as nga chair from 2013-14 concurrently, her husband chaired the spouse's leadership committee. ladies and gentlemen, this is a great leader who served her state well and her constituents are blessed to have had her leadership. i have something for you if you would join me. ladies and gentlemen, please thank me in thanking general fallon for their dedication and leadership. [applause] >> for you, governor, your own

specialized nights jersey. >> oh, cool! 27! [applause] secondly, .... have great appreciation and respect for. dennis to guard from south dakota. he has served as a strong chair of the nga natural resources asmittee and his wife served a member of the spouses your leadership role with regard to workforce development that we've been talking about today but you truly have been a warrior in that regard and again, what we all want for our ofconstituencies and the people of our states is to have a

better life and you've instructed all of us on how to do that better and make people's lives better i have for you -- [applause] >> i wear it the next timei play hockey in nevada . >> you'll wear it when we win the stanley cup next year. ladies and gentlemen, please join me in thankingthese outgoing governors for their leadership . [applause] and now i'll recognize governor daugaard for the purpose of executive nominations . >> thank you governor. on behalf of the nominations committee which includes governors kate brown, j and

lee, jake ducey i'm proud to present the members which we nominate for 2018 and 19. for members of the executive committee we nominate governors tim reynolds, scott walker, snyder, sam malloy, roy cooper, john wolf and brian sandoval. for nga vice chair we nominate larry holden of maryland and nga chair we nominate steve bullock of montana and chairman bullock sandoval, i moved to have this slate of the nominees adopted . >> thank you governor daugaard and the members of this year's nomination committee. is there a second? second by governor fallon. is there any debate? there's never any debate. what a great slate.

any in favor say aye. that motion is passed unanimously and congratulations to everyone who's on that slate. now i'd like to offer my congratulations to the nga's new chair, governor steve bullock, larry hogan and the other members of the 2018 2019 nga executive committee. governor bullock, i'm proud of you and confident that as incoming chair you will carry on the legacy of bipartisan excellence of this organization. and steve, i want to thank you for your support. while i've been chairman of this and again, when you get into these positions and you work closely with people you get to know them. governor bullock is someone i have tremendous respect for. someone who's a great leader

in montana and across the country and someone that i just watched and admired for a very long time. governor hogan, the vice chair, someone else i've gotten to know and the citizens of maryland are blessed to have your leadership as well so before i pass the gavel over to governor bullock, you work together professionally, you learn from one another but you also become friends and i wanted, this video was shown a fewtimes but it shows we have a little fun together so go ahead and roll that video . >>. [music] >> i'm just about to ride and

rubber jump. it was a lot of fun and i want to encourage all these attendees butespecially the governor to take a ride . >> are you going from like a jump, do another jump home ? [inaudible] oh come on. >> here we go. let's see what we can do. feel that. >> then if you skip up to the next year, these things move . >> it was a blast. it was fun, great place for mobility and i encourage all the attendees to take a ride on the job. >> they even, with a bell.

>> we are about to mark. >> just the handlebar deal. >> who says it's not fun to be governor? the only other governor i saw riding thebike was governor bevan . i'm sure he enjoyed that as well but again, now is the time to thank all of you for your support. during my term as chairman of this organization n. thank the staff of the nga, thank all of you come here to our meetings and provide monetary support and provide us with information that we can learn. thank our international visitors for elevating our meetings. i think it's truly taken the nga to a place it's never been before it is a privilege and honor to serve as chairman of this organization

this time it's my privilege and honor to join the gavel over to my good friend steve bullock of the state of montana. [applause] good luck, steve. >> thank you and thanks so much governor sandoval for your kind introduction and also thanks to all the governors and guests present today. before i announce my new chairs initiatives and inaugurate the new leadership of the organization, i would certainly be remiss if i didn'tó governor sandoval's leadership and his friendship

and the warmth not only in these past years i've served as your vice chair but also the mentor ship that you provided me the last 5 and a half six years as governor. it's something that i truly treasure and when you look at the things that we will all take away from these jobs long after we are gone, it's those relationships from my perspective that are the most significant. certainly not just for me but all of us as governors are better prepared now than we were a year ago and as governors we are certainly ahead of the curve as a result of your initiatives. continuing in the nga tradition i do have a couple of gifts for you to ease you into retirement, serving as chair of nga. first, the gavel is yours to

keep as well as some of the picturesof your time. come on up, this could go long . the gavel and some of the photos of times as the governor was serving as chair. and it really has been a pleasure to get to serve as his vice chair. and i do look forward to continuing that leadership, that bipartisan leadership to governor sandoval was so grateful in doing. another thing is that your initiative was all about technology and i understand you're an avid reader, listener of audiobooks and plan to spend some of your time is your role as chair catching up on things that you've missed over the past.

we all know you are a technology fan so in that spirit i'm happy to present you with both these wireless headphones which can also give you the best visual library has to offer. i've taken the liberty of composing three books that are meaningful to me. we're going to reach out to other governors and ask them for books that might be meaningful to them. we've added a gift card for kindle to load up on books and enjoy that part of your retirement as well. [applause] i also would suggest you shouldn't spend r all your time harness to technology. i wanted to give you two other things from montana,one of which is this is a a painting of the rocky mountain front , remembering gethere's no much we can get from technology but there's also things that you should always secure outdoors and i handcrafted bar that when you

decide to fly fish with me in montana, you are on your way so thank you jim . [applause] i'd also like to thank governor martinez, thank her and her staff for the hospitality that she demonstrates to all of us and it has been a wonderful few days and i can only imagine wherever it's posted next summer, saying how do you keep up with that much more difficult. on a personal note i want to thank my wife these who's here with me today as well as our three children caroline, alex and cameron because without their own wielding ousupport i certainly wouldn't be able to do what i do in montana oranywhere else . [applause]

>> i was nervous when governor daugaard was about hato make nominations because you never know what you might have done but i'm profoundly grateful to my colleagues for offering me the opportunity to chair the governor's association or this next year. i'm excited to work with governor hogan in his new role as vice chair on issues for state across the country. i look forward to receiving your candid counsel and your continued friendship in the time ahead. i have no doubt that during our time leading nga, governor hogan and i will confront any complex issues. it's no secret that our state and our nation's face not only a litany of opportunities but also challenges. running across every object area and every demographic but one challenge that all governors are grappling with

is the subject of my chairs initiatives, good job for all americans . and as even the panel beforeó, we are on the cost of profound economic and social transformation catalyzed by technological advances, changing demographics, people holding skills and new ways of engaging and those trends are poised to reshape our economy at every level. technologies like lot chain and artificial intelligence will transform everything from healthcare to hotel management. a more diverse workforce expand opportunities and challenges old ways of thinking and more people are looking at new nontraditional types of jobs and work. these trends if we capitalize on them have the potential to make us all more productive and consider economic growth. and not only improve the

bottom line that this is big and small but also create new ways of upward mobility for every american. just like the american revolution really did raise the standard of living across demographics and income level generations ago, i think this new revolution we are facing now could provide americans from all backgrounds and from every walk of life new opportunities to succeed and reach new highs. and while these opportunities are within our grasp, they are certainly not guaranteed. we've seen a rise in taxes and joblessness or displacement because of these trends. we go back 50 yearsago , 90 percent of % 30-year-old were doing better than their parents were at age 30. today that's only half of americans . these 30-year-old doing better than their parents. we know that thomas of economic opportunity is not a

reality for large swaths of america. and we can't afford to leave anyone behind. the governors, i think we must take an active role in spreading the benefits of innovation as well as managing some of the potentially unintended consequences. waves of automation can displace workers, disturbing their livelihoods and threatening their prosperity. some estimate that as many as 40 percent of jobs in the us are at risk of computerization. we know that such changes bring certainly long-term and widespread benefits. but we must ensure that the hard-working men and women are lost in the shuffle. and beyond just technology, companies are reshaping the basic of work. many employers have moved away from offering traditional old-time opportunities . businesses have hired more part-time contracts and

database jobs. those nontraditional types of employment workers and businesses with needed flexibility. we also can threaten the economic security of american workers. as governors we must forge that path where companies can recruit and manage that workforce, meet their needs while also ensuring that workers have a reliable livelihood. it will lead to benefits of economic fulfillment and a fair chance at long-term prosperity. to ensure that full well-being of american families, we have to be quick as today's workers with new skills. certainly it begins with ensuring that our schools pre-k-12 and postsecondary are ready to prepare students for jobs in the future, jobs

that can be heard on the previous panel didn't exist a decade ago and the job that we are facing now have an even then necessary only imagine yet. currently the united states trails 17 other developed nations in workplace skills. in 1973 workers with some degree of f postsecondary education only held 18 percent of the jobs. by 2020, it's expected they will be almost 2/3 of the job. our current future, workers must be prepared for new environments. governors must lead the charge to create stronger bonds of connection between education, between our body as the government and executive branch and between the private sector. trading that future workforce is not the only concern that governors must confront. many of our state are facing the challenge of reselling an aging workforce towards the dynamic nature of rymodern

industry. age is the only demographic change existing in today's labor force. increasing disparities in education between men and women as well as urban and e rural populations. parts of rural america have been largely left behind in the economic recovery of the past 10 years and it's not for lack of hard-working innovative people in the heart of our country that i can personally attest to as a result of our experience in montana. rather it's often agrowing infrastructure deficit , access to education in high school that can be barriers in rural areas. anwe bridge the growing divide and ensure that all americans have an equal shot at a better life and the time to answer these challenges is upon us. the chairs initiative good jobs for all americans will

endeavor to offer a real comprehensive approach to guide their states for that more advanced andmore productive workforce . they will certainly challenge the future economic power of american industry and the labor. with good jobs for all americans represents a collective staff in the direction towards that economy defined by upward mobility and success. over the next year we will have three regional workshops riand through those we will focus on three priority areas . creating a network force of the future, offering workers a second act and reinvigorating local communities. we invite all the governors to send a team from your state to one or more of those workshops. we have to hand out in front of you that will be in pittsburgh in september, las vegas in december and a moyne in march.

and we look forward to, i look forward to elevating what governors are already doing because there are incredible things happening in the states around our country but also, identifying other innovative solutions to those talents.al randy got a good job preparing for that labor market . it will demand sustained investments and apprenticeship in job training programs, forming direct connections between businesses and skilled laborers. fortune pathways requires that we do a better job at actually evaluating the data, addressing job-training needs in the private sector. future prosperity of our state economy relies in large part on that ability to prepare the next generation and meet the economic challenge of a new age. and our focus on future labor must be supplemented by

present workers, scaling up successful programs, developing new ones to scale career workers who are most vulnerable to rapid change. all workers need to have that access to resource and they all need to succeed in your economies. it's good for business, good for workers and ultimately it's good for the states that we lead. finally we must remember our rural communities who are too often excluded from these new economic advancements. we know rural america and offer access to education and insufficient digital or physical infrastructure, poor access to healthcare and declining labor pools. we have to recognize that if any community is left behind, we all fall behind. full on our energies and working with small rural communities can empower them to a better future. we strengthen the backbone of america, our whole nation will follow.overcoming

these challenges is certainly requires us to work together. every governor regardless of party for home state will face down labor market challenges. living workers or current employees, we all know as members it's not a red or blue issue.it really is an issue that impacts all of us. our constituents do count on us to take the lead in our homestate . we certainly welcome all our peers and colleaguesin collaboration . we look forward to that collaboration on the journey that lies ahead. i'm certain that when we reconvene next year after digging deep and bringing experts that we will be that much more prepared to capitalize on future labor trends so i appreciate the opportunity to lead this

organization over the next year and put faith in your trust in me to do so. as i look at that initiative, the road towards a more productive, prosperous and empowered american worker must begin and i face understanding of the problems faced by my current employees. andarguably nobody understands those issues better than doctor larry . doctor katz is the professor of economics at harvard university. an expert in labor market economics, publishing the race between education and technology which analyzed the role of education in american economic development. some of his colleagues call him the best at what economics has to offer and one of many claimed pieces by this world-renowned scholar. doctor katz, thank you for being here and please come up to the stage. please join me in welcoming

him. [applause] >> it's my honor to get to amplify some of the themes that governor was just addressing as well as my long-term collaborator and co-author alan krueger. we talked about america's job challenges. as alan noted, it's not the quantity of jobs that's the real issue. we have a reasonably low unemployment rate. we have a fair amount of vacancies but it's truly the quality of jobs and to think about where governor bullock started off is the famous

graph that my colleague and former student, the brilliant ross eddie and his collaborators put together using newly available data being able to track millions of american children across different birth rates and looking at them at age 30 and you can see the american dream that is doing better than your parents was almost guaranteed if you were born in the mid-20th century in a period of rapid productivity growth from bargaining power and rapid growth, over 90 percent of american children earned more than their parents at age 30. today it's more like a.5. you look at those born in the 1980s, less than half are learning more than their parents and a lot of that has to do with changes in the labor market that professor kruger was talking about earlier. in particular, if you look at those earlier cohorts you were earning ice as much money in real terms as their parents. today, the median typical worker's wage has stagnated for several decades. secondly educational attainment wasexpanding

rapidly . every american cohort from the mid-19th century to the late 20th century had two more years of schooling than their parents on average. today is the most educated cohort we've ever seen but the rate of change has slowed downdramatically . young people only average several years more than their parents so that's productivity enhancing education and that has also meant a growing education rise. those with bachelor's degrees or strong technical and social skills have done well. those who have not had the educational opportunities have been left behind . third is professor kruger indicated something we call the fissuring of the labor market. that is increasingly outsourcing both domestically and internationally have grown and the same order of long-term jobs in the

workforce have not been as expressed and about two thirds of this slowdown in wage growth and growing inequality is what we call in education technology about a third of it appears to be this growing fissuring that us workers are segregated to where they were. that is the janitor is no longer working for the same company as managers and engineers. if you look at amanufacturing plant , and outsource firm, there's been pressure from the outsourcing to the food service worker, clerical workers and it's another kemajor component and that has meant the lack of opportunities as well as change in demographics and as howard pointed out, the slowdown and growth of labor enforcement, now women in the united states 2254 was in

canada, 83 percent are in the labor force and particularly noncollege men, opportunities have been declining, labor force participation. when we put this together wthis has meant as we've gone from growing together if you look at those two bars, that was for each quintile in the us earning income growth from 47 to 73, the period where the american dream was pleasant. twothings have happened since then. all those bars are lower . the red bars the last 30 or 40 years, productivity growth has slowed down and production is more equally distributed through the lower quintile have not done well at all. part of this is this growing divide by education and you can see this, only those with a degree or higher have seen

growth in the last few decades but part of it is something touched on in talking about the arts earlier which is when you look at the labor market today , think about the sort of technical skills which we call math skills here but also think about communication skills. you think about what artificial intelligence, what robots can do and technology. they can take things that are really hard for individual to do but you can write an analgorithm, do it better so this is what a lot of lucrative routine type jobs whether it was clerical, a production job in the mid-20th century, they can easily do that. what they can't substitute now for our interactive dealing with nonstructured

problems, being able to work in a team to figure out a solution for something in a different environment whether it is working with material workers or an engineer and increasingly the growth is not just technical skill jobs. if they don't have a strong solution skills component, if the interactive work that has really been growing and it's the combination of good interactive liberal arts, creative skills with technical knowledge, coding that's become valuable and what we need to think about in our education systems and the ways we put those forward. so i also noted the other changes as alan krueger did in the way workplaces operate, the decline of full-time or long-term jobs or single employers, the growing use of outsourcing to deal with people who are working in the data economy

but also in the brick and mortar outsourced workforce who were typically bargaining is not as strong and benefits and career whtrajectories and training are not as available as in the case of employers have you for a long-term job. so to put this all together we've seen a decline in the typical americans long-term employment and wages. we've seen increases in the sort of fissuring in the workforce and the valuing of social skills and services that can't be easily replaced by computers and artificial intelligence and we've seen shifts in the way people get jobs, going online, different ways of screening as artificial intelligence allows different ways that it can be important and we've seen changes in automation and artificial intelligence

and when i look at these things , there are as we see a lot of friends at work that are frustrating and problematic but there's also a lot of about their and i think of something that's actually severalblocks from where i live . more often the working-class towns in somerville with the 30 years i lived there there was a large automobile factory . it's the same safety envelope factory founded in the 1920s and employed in the mid-20th century one of the largest employers inthe area . they also made these colored folders that we used in all sorts of hospitals, files for medical records and separating them out and as they went to electronic medical records, demand for those sorts of files and envelopes decreased dramatically. they were down to 150 employees after the great

recession in 2010 a closed a 950 square foot facility. what happened there? for 4 years it was empty but it opened again completely transformed. it has a climbing wall. it has a brewery. it has now hold set of green labs, robotics and a wide range of art seasonal jobs, artistic one and there are many more people employed there factory. they are different people but a wide range of skills and a diverse workforce and it's clear we can reinvigorate these basesmit has office space there , by having cheaper rent than being in the middle of boston so that was a big advantage but it's showing you, i saw an empty envelope factory in north philadelphia that's one of the largest economic

development corporations in the united states so there really is a future out there if we can provide the human capital and skills and reimagine the way we use space. to conclude, how do we address these strategies when we don't always have policies that we clearly know are going to work? what does the government do we developed two different organizations over the last few years to deal with these issues. one with my colleague rob jenny where we are using large data on millions of individuals the geographic level during a precision medicine approach to dealing with social problems and workforce issues, ignoring out what are the demands, what are the deficits of opportunities all the way down to the census block level. we should be able to do that in every community in the united states to get a sense of what things might work and second with an organization i help out amy finkelstein w,

we've been trying to task with a randomized controlled trials and the types of policies that might work and what we are seeing is relative to 20 years ago when i worked in the us department of labor, alan krueger and i wrote a major report called what works and what doesn't and we found a lot more of what doesn't and what does. but what we're seeing now is in a apprenticeship program, working with industry partnerships that we are seeing i've now done nine major evaluations from things ranging from this work advance program we done in northeast ohio for employment in new york where jobs in boston, wherehealthcare work in milwaukee works , where we're literally seeing 20 or 30 percent increases, three or five years for a very

disadvantaged and displaced workers. we are seeing similar things in investing in not just in my mobility community colleges throughout the us, the advanced study and associate program is doubling graduation rates and moving people to higher working and trying to get people better information to find the curriculum plan works for them. we also need, we have this wonderful 1b program where we find talent in india, like we be doing the same thing by finding talent in rural us communities and in inner-city of the us and we've been finding through programs like mm year where we discovered talents, do screening, do some of what we call abc training. attitude, behavior, communications and place people with major countries in the positions that we've been generating again 40 percent earnings . for individual, some with criminal records.so in conclusion i think we are the

cost of a major change in the economy but training or data and testing policies to bear, we really may be addressed in creating the foundations for economic growth and shared prosperity for a wide range. [applause] >> thanks so much doctor katz and now i'll ask a couple of questions and you for all you if you have some . essentially you're speaking of sort of getting in the census tract level looking at where the opportunities are using data.no matter which one of the states we lead, we have rural areas, and they can be substantially different than the economic opportunities in our urban areas.

pogovernors, what steps should we take to ensure that rural population really is the backbone of america are included in the benefit. all future economic advancement ?>> so the first thing is directly, the way we've done a lot of this is obviously this nation was 0%very rural for a long time. over 50 percent of workers were in agriculture. 120 years ago and to a large extent, this is the story claudia goldman and i told in the race in education and allergy. we were leaders in investing in the education of young people in rural areas and agriculture in small cities and 100 years ago in fact in places like iowa and nebraska , montana were the leaders in education, more than larger us cities and kids educated in rural areas and i would go and outcompete kids in

chicago and los angeles the first part is, as we advance in agricultural productivity we are going to be moving out of some areas in population so educating young people and being leaders the same way the high school movement did, we need to do this with postsecondary education.the second is clearly infrastructure, and action to the economy through transportation, through broadband. third is to think about what are going to be the valuable uses and so many rural areas in the us, the combination of the parks, art seasonal work sort of the amateurism of the outdoors that are going to be the comparative advantage are going to be job producersand finally, extremely important. these are going to be aging places as in general . the structure of your work is going to be essential. parties like the nine dollar an hour jobs or jobs that go

to the middle class? this is going to be hugely, the future of the middle class in many rural areas is going to define on health and care occupations that's going to be increasingly important so trying to upgrade the certifications, trying to be attractive out there, that's going to be hugely succeed in what livingstandards and progress is going to be in rural america . >> governors have been talking about that it's not necessarily about a four year college degree. often it's a professional certification and apprenticeships. governor daugaard did a lot of work on apprenticeships. so i think many of us are seeing that part of someone, is an entrance intothe workforce . how we can provide skills to not only provide them a better salary and life also skills that workers need but what about in some profound

economic change, there are midcareer worker displacement. governors work to provide a better effective workers? >> there are a couple things. one is right now we have an unemployment insurance system llthat provides support only when you are out of work . potentially thinking about working for a number of years, something more like wage loss insurance or being part of the unemployment insurance system to help people when they lost one job you move into something that might be a lower wage while they are getting further education provided support, some gap between what their old earnings were and what the thnew ones are, not just while you are unemployed but that's important thing we need to think about changing and second really, we heard examples of sort of apprenticeship like programs

for midcareer workers whether it's moving into coding and computing, whether it's moving into health care occupations, we know we have growing possibilities there and we know that functioning immunity college programs along the line that i was talking about in employment training programs that are linked to industry demand d that have rigorous training can provide substantial earnings returns and we are going to need to be thinking about reinvesting like that going forward. i think one thing we can do is try to do, i think more creatively about the way we use unemployment to help offer some of these jobs as people move into new jobs that have learning opportunities . >>. >> governor bevins. >> i noticed on the very last flight you talk about the collaboration betweenacademia and local and state governments . certainly this is topical.

the governor wrestles with the difficulty frankly in retraining people for a modern workforce who have maybe pursued a different path to this point. i wonder if ifin your work you find to be an equal challenge or maybe even a greater challenge to reinvent the way public postsecondary education approaches this because if ever there anything that seems to have become a bit stale and o disconnected from what the end-user truly needs it would seem in many respects to be somewhere postsecondary institutions and i'm curious as to what your experience has been with that. you feel they're keeping pace with what the local and state governmentsare doing ? >> historically, there sort of two components that public universities have played a role in. one is clearly the broad education, wide range. the other have been where i

still think they are very valuable has been on the research and innovation side where the spillovers from research universities, if you look at where are you seeing the most resilience in response to technological changes, adverse economic shocks, all always in cities and areas that have a research university that doing practical and innovative research that benefit the local area so in some level that also is going to benefit surrounding rural areas so one part of it is the ability to with new discoveries and commercialize it which often is a hobbit near the university but the other and it's important at the community college level as well as many four-year colleges is find a sort of combined -- liberal arts education is valuable, it's part of those social skills but it's only really valuable

when it combined with something that's real in the workforce and combining the college with things that look like internships and work opportunities seem to be very valuable. we've been doing a lot of that high school level and community colleges trying to develop those partnerships. he's been a leader through a series of technical sort of colleges and moving in that direction but i think there really is an ability and in some sense historically, that's what a lot of state universities were set up to do and we need to return to those roots there's a lot of potential there. one thing we are doing through these initiatives is looking at every universityin the country , linking stuff. who is doing a good job at helping people who are

disadvantaged and middle-class backgrounds move into upward mobility and there's a lot of variation and hopefully that will generate lasting, that we can look at the characteristics of a place like florida international university which has high upward mobility potential. stony brook, certain community colleges in california so again, the big data approach may allow us to get some sense of what is the difference now that we have more systematic data on what more successful ones are doing to become a learning platform other states? >> other questions, governor. >> for being here. you mentioned research you've done with doctor kruger about things that don't work, building on the opposite of your last question. what are things as people who are pursuing policies to address the chronic low unemployment we will face in the future, what are the things you think we should stay away from mark . >> i think that traditional

job-training programs that are, that didn't have a strong linkage to industry, we found in the 80s and early 90s that a lot of traditional job-training programs and very little return, particularly for adult workers and as we performed them looking more at the state-of-the-art one youbring community college , you bring a local nonprofit and you combined with an industry where the ideal is where they had jobs today but where they think will be halfway and what's been successful, things that look more like wage subsidies, employers who are doing very strong training , using very health agencies to place people in jobs who have not been very successful. as of a few years ago, 25 percent of all hell grant money has all student loans

are going to for-profit higher education. some are very, very, work very well for things like allied health. many had very strong incentives to sort of turn people through quickly. so trying to invest more in improving things like community colleges and your state universities as been seen as much more successful than the proprietary. there's theoutside, a very clear program of those are some of the things . again, transitional jobs, summer employment, they have limited roles. those are things we can improve. we know that kids summer jobs, a lot of large cities do things while they are in them but they don't seem to translate into longer-term

outcomes. it appears that the ability of things like using as a platform to get you, think of a letter of recommendation for certification of some skillgreatly improve . the trend prisoners transitioning into the workforce, a short-term job myself to do a lot but combining that potentially with drug rehabilitation, something more like soft skills, behavioral therapy. it appears we can transform all of our programs in ways to be much more. [inaudible] >> doctor katz, you've done a lot of work in this area and we are undertaking a lot with thisinitiative . making sure that we have that pipeline of workers, the rural cited, let's say that tomorrow so now you woke up and you were no longer the professor of economics and

somehow for good or badyou were the governor . individually through the state and collectively amongst the governors, what are the first couple things you would suggest that we do? >> i would be very helpful in saying that there are a wide range of things i would not be ready to deal with. i would want to learn from the collective wisdom. of those who have operated here through the nga and have knowledge but i do think , the things at the end, i really wouldn't want to think and try to be a little more systematic on you know, learning about what in my workforce overseas would be effective and not effective. i would want to take advantage of you know, the new data. i would want to do some experimenting .

flying in some parts of the state, others to try to learn what is going to be more effective e and be willing to cut things that didn't seem to be working and reallocate money and i think it's really clear that human capital, linked to sort of these social skills are going to be very valuable so i want to rethink them, do some of the things alan krueger, and experimenting with trying to education on that morning and able a. >> and you know, i will also think a lot about trying to make a place as attractive for researchers and r.m.d. to be the horrible new innovation and they're really strong research universities that look like factoring extensions. the more or long-lasting, then just financial incentives for companies, things that i think that would be one of the things i

would really want to work as a group of donors in trying to push more than sort of race to the bottom sort of financial incentives to get the same and lawyers to move into an area but i would certainly start out being very old and wanting to learn from the experiences of the members of this organization. >> i so appreciate professor gold, your response to the answer with lots of tangible things that we can and should be doing. i think that we collectively haunderstand the job that we need to do now and it's up to us to undertake it and get it done i look forward to working with all of my colleagues. as we go down this path together. thank you for being here. thank you for participating. please give doctor katz a warm round of loss.

and this includes the 2018 meeting. hopefully we will see you all the reception this evening but the meeting now is s adjourned, thank you so much .

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perfect . so all of those factors i think boiled together to create the perfect dumpster fire up mass censorship of books by marginalized people. >> cory doctorow will be our guest on in-depth fiction edition line sundayaugust the new eastern discussing his latest book walk away. his other books include down and out in the magic kingdom, little brother , +14 other novels. interact with cory doctorow by phone,twitter or facebook . our series in the fiction edition with science fiction author cory doctorow from noon to 3 pm eastern on book tv on c-span2. >> earlier yesterday un ambassador nikki haley and ron dermer spoke at a dinner mark the 70th anniversary of israel's independence posted by christians united this runs about an hour. >>