>> live on c-span2's book tv. next saturday at 10:00 a.m. eastern. >> senator john mccain died yesterday at the age of 81. senator mccain was on book tv in september 2000 for release of memoir, faith of my father father's. [applause] >> thank you. thank you very much. this kind of warm welcome

continues i'm going to demand a recount. i thank you all for -- it's wonderful to be back here at the book fest and this kind of audience to see you again is wonderful too me. i would like to make a couple of comments one is that many people have said to me that well aren't you sorry that you lost your campaign, of course, but it has been the most uplifting and wonderful opportunity of my life to have had the opportunity to run for president of the united states, having said that, i would like to remind you of the words of the late coach vince lombardi of green bay packers who said show me a good loser and i will show you a loser. [laughter] [applause] >> we had a wonderful time and a great ride and one of the things that we wanted to accomplish in our campaign which i think we

succeeded to a significant degree, if you look at the voting results is the reconnect and motivating young people to be involved in the political process and that is really -- [applause] >> my great, indeed and concern that young americans are no longer involved in the political process. i could show you a statistical data including 1998 election, lowest voter turnout in history of the 18 to 34-year-olds, they feel cynical and even alienated, obviously those of us who entered declining years feel significant obligation to try to reconnect and motivate the young people to be involved in the political process. the interesting contradiction here and i will stop that after this, the interesting contradiction is that in my campaign i discovered and i am convinced that young americans are more dedicated to the

proposition of public service and service to the country and community involvement than my generation was. i see young americans at the homeless shelter, at the salvation army involved in a myriad of community and civic and patriotic activities and yet that seems to stop at the -- at the line of involvement in politics, so our challenge, all of us is to make politics again something which is honorable profession and honorable calling thanked brings me finally to my crusade as you know and that is to again restore the government to the people of this country and take it out of the hands of the special interest and we must achieve that and i want to promise you that the united states senate will not proceed next year until we address the issue of campaign finance reform and take this government out of the corrupting influence of the big money interest, labor unions and trial lawyers and give it

back to the people. [applause] >> that's my promise to you. finally, in town hall meeting after town hall meeting. i know here in california sometimes there's a slight friction between california and arizona about the fact that you have stolen our waters, but, you know -- [laughter] >> i do seek your sympathy for the families of arizona because barry goldwater ran for president of the united states, morris ran for president of the united states, bruce from arizona ran for president of the united states, i ran for president of the united states, arizona maybe the only state in america where mothers don't tell their children that some day they can grow up and be president of the united states but i certainly seek your sympathy for the mothers of arizona. town hall meeting after town hall meeting young americans and many americans would come with that book and i felt that that was a very important part of our

campaign so that americans could understand me and what our efforts was all about, so without further due i want to thank all of you for coming, i would like to take the opportunity just for a couple of minutes to respond to any questions or comments or insults that any of you might have and i would -- first you, ma'am? >> pretend you are the nominee for -- you got the nominee -- >> yes, ma'am, do i that quite often. [laughter] >> pretend you're the nominee. by the way, after i lost i slept like a baby, sleep for 2 hours and wake up and cry and sleep for 2 hours and wake up and cry. [laughter] >> i think one of the nicest thing about our party is that we have a number of well-qualified nominees. i'm good and dear friend of dick cheney, i think he would govern very well, tom ridge, governor of pennsylvania who has done a great job in pennsylvania,

fellow vietnam veteran and wounded in vietnam war as a sergeant. i think he would have been marvelous, i think that christy whitman would have been a very good candidate, i think we have a number of republican governors that also would have been, i think, qualified nominees as well. it's -- my own relationship with that issue is i've always felt that the vice president of the united states has two duties, one is to inquire daily as to the health of the president and the other is to attend funerals of third-world dictators. that's one of the reasons i was not interested. yes, sir. [inaudible] >> how did you feel about president johnson -- had he lived do you think he would have stopped war in vietnam? >> thank you for the question because i spent a lot of time

after i returned from vietnam studying the origins of the war, all of the ramifications dating back to french level indo china, indo chinese relationship with china itself, because i was curious about it. jon what jack kennedy would have done. i don't think that the seminole decisions about vietnam were made before he was killed. george bundy, dean rusk, et cetera, so i don't know. i can only conjecture that at some point that jack kennedy would have said, look, when people like senator richard russell of georgia, the chairman of the armed services committee

said to lyndon johnson, this is going to take 500 troops and take 10 years and the american people aren't going to support this -- this engagement, so i don't know what jack kennedy would have done but finally if i can mention, i don't think you can understand that involvement and that decision-making process unless you read david's book the best and the brightest because you to understand personality and the mind set, this was the president of the united states that on inaugural said we will go anywhere and bear any burden in jack kennedy's inaugural address, we believed that we could in crusade against communism. my long toons you, and i'm sorry it's a long answer because i puzzle about it i hope not because i'm a great admirer of jack kennedy. yes, sir. >> president presumably is going to apologize to your captors, has he invited you to attend and under what conditions would you go?

[laughter] >> i don't believe he's going to apologize to my captors, i believe that he's doing for broad variety of reasons, we have normal relations with vietnam. yes, they did ask me and i was there in april on the 25th anniversary of the fall of sigon but i will not be going back. i don't begrudge the president of the united states going back to vietnam if he so choses, yes. >> you said to take the government back -- the big money but you support george w. bush for president, how does that work out? >> because we are in agreement in a broad variety of issues, we have a common philosophy and view of the role of government, we have an open and honest disagreement on that issue and several others. if i'd agreed with governor bush on every issue i wouldn't have run for nomination of my party but i hope to convince him and the majority of my fellow colleagues in the united states senate that this is really remarkably important and

transcendent, but, you know, that 10 years ago, i would have told you, i'd said, you can be fundraiser in washington, d.c. and you can pay $500,000 for a ticket, you would have said that i was something the president said he didn't inhale. [laughter] >> and the fact is it lurched completely out of control. already in soft money we have exceeded the money in 1996 election. there's going to be half a billion dollars in this so-called soft money, let me ask you question, if you bought a ticket to fundraiser of $500,000 is all you're expecting is soft government? the office holders in washington, d.c. aren't for sale, but the offices are and that's why we need to have this reform.

yes, yes, sir. >> i was wonder if you can talk a little bit about dichotomy argument for campaign finance reform and if you see a correlation between the two? >> i don't because i believe in both. but i believe that term limits even if we impose them would not prevent the corruption bred by big money. i was talking with the secretary of state bill jones here in the state of california who is close and dear friend of mine, he served in the legislature and he was the republican leader before we went secretary of state. he says that term limits have been good for the california legislature and i think that a lot of people agree with that because of the turnover. more chaos, obviously, but overall -- but i don't think, i don't think that term limits would be a substitute campaign finance reform because if you allow the big-money interest

they would still be able to have the same influence over these people as well, yes, ma'am. [inaudible] >> the money from labor unions, teachers' union, what's the other -- with corporate money -- [inaudible] >> yes, ma'am. my republican friends always say you don't do anything to labor unions or the trial lawyers, the labor unions and the trial lawyers are doing the same thing that the corporations, it's all quote, soft money, let me remind you about two months ago a new world record was set. a head of a local union in new york city asked me, local, not national union, walked up to al gore to fundraiser and handed him a check for a million dollars that was soft money, that was soft money, if we banned soft money he couldn't have done it than any

corporation could have done it. it would ban union and trial lawyers, by the way trial lawyers are never involved and i'm not complaining by the present rules but the tobacco settlement money has been huge and you'll see trial lawyers more heavily involved than ever before, yes, sir. >> what is holding campaign opinion -- finance reform? >> big money. >> democrats say we shouldn't do it, republicans say they shouldn't do it, why are they doing it? >> it's a protection racket to start with and second of all, the influence is too overwhelming, it's got to reach a point i'm not going to vote to reelect you unless you're committed to campaign finance reform. it passed the house twice, we have 55 or 56 votes in the senate, in the senate requires 60 votes. that's why i'm saying next year we have majority votes and the senate will not move forward

unless we address the issue but it's so much easier to raise money in the huge chunks and have soft money, and by the way, one wrinkle. campaign contribution is now thousand dollars on individual limit, that was upheld as constitutional by the united states supreme court a few months ago. i wouldn't mind seeing that to $3,000, that's which a thousand was in 1974, but you can't -- there's no sense in discussing that if the soft money, the million dollar contributions and half million all those are coming in. what about individual contribution, it's meaningless if you can come in, my friends it's now legal in america for chinese army owned corporation to give unlimited amounts of money to american political campaign, us the that disturb you a little? it's gone so far any foreign entity -- not disclose their names. >> do you think it's one of the things that young people are

caught in barrier to go to politics? >> sure, they think they are not represented and you know what, they aren't. one more question, yes, sir, i will take two more. >> senator -- >> thank you, ma'am, sorry. [laughter] >> thank you for responding to me waving hand i received communist book for my son who is in class of 2002 air force academy so you have touching the right people, sir, let me ask you, we put the money aside, the supreme court has ruled, the trial lawyers, tobacco, all of those things that you say are true but the big problem the corrupting problem is the media because they are the ones who determine what message the whole people vote, not people who are here but the people that vote, what message they get, i am -- [applause] >> them taking one word bureaucrats and changing it into another word and unless we stop

that, we cannot stop using our money to get our voice heard. >> thank you, sir. thank you, sir. i congratulate you, one of my finest hopes if one of my children would attend a service academy but, look, for a long period of time the american people had 3 networks from which they received all of their news, walter, one of my heros was voted the most respected man in america for 10 years in a row. now we have an overwhelming plethora of news sources, fox, rush limbaulgh. cnn or whatever it is. i don't think the media has the influence nor maybe -- some members of the media are liberal and some conservatives, et cetera, my relationship with the media that generally the top

level media people are professional journalists, there's room for disagreement in that but i don't believe that the american people are deprived of information. i think -- my problem is that not enough americans pay attention so that they can make their own judgments, yes, ma'am. >> ii wanted to ask you what did you saw as quality -- [inaudible] >> yes. i think that dick cheney brings a great deal of governing experience. i knew him in house of representatives, he was hard-working and dedicated person. he was part of a team along with colin powell and a couple of others who won operation desert storm one of the greatest victories in american history and i think that in all military history and i think he's very capable of governing, he was chief of staff at age 34 to president gerald ford, i think he brings a wealth of experience to the job. yes, sir. >> social security, you support individual -- [inaudible]

>> how would you pay for transitional account? >> thank you. do i support retirement accounts, absolutely, you have to take surplus and put it into the social security trust fund in order to make it well uso that you can then invest some of your taxes that are earmarked for social security into private accounts, experts will tell you with the deficit that we have looming once the baby boomers reach, 20, 34, it varies with the economists, you have to have enough money in there so that people can continue to receive, to be allowed to invest that money into their retirement savings account, so that's what you have to do in order to make it work. right now your tax dollars as you knowinger it doesn't go to any account, what it pays benefits of retirees, you can't keep up with the poncy scheme as you know.

more young americans believe that elvis is alive than believe that they'll ever see a social security check and, you know, those young people are right, they're right because unless -- unless we fix it, yes, sir, quick. yes, sir, i'm looking at you. [laughter] >> i really don't understand how -- how the republican agenda works on the environment and works with safety because it kind of illuminates the government and makes it smaller and businesses do whatever they want and, you know, i've always said -- i was wondering. >> thank you, thank you for the question. my hero and role model is theodore roosevelt. he was the one who started the national park system in america. great environmentalist. we have to turn to that kind of approach. under 7 and a half years or clinton administration we have allowed national parks to

deteriorate to dramatic degree. that's an indictment of the present administration and not indictment of congress for not providing sufficient funds and not coming with innovative ideas to preserve crown jewel of america which is park system. there's a careful balance between role of government and the interference and the lives of individuals where it comes to safety, where it comes to the environment, yes, we have to have activist role for government but we can't have an overleaning, big-brother kind of bureaucracy that intrudes and interferes in people's lives, there's a careful balance to be maintained unless you get special money out of warrant we will not maintain, i know i have to sign books. [inaudible] >> thank you very much. [applause]

president clinton and senator lieberman and i asked about a study not about censorship but what the effect or whether there was marketing of sexually explicit and violent material to children, okay, it was nothing to do with censorship, nothing to do with censorship, the federal trade commission came up with a report and i would be glad send you a copy where they've got document where is the entertainment industry, the recording industry, the video-game people are marketing this stuff which they've deemed unsuitable to children, marketing it directly to children, that's a disgrace. that's disgraceful. that has nothing to do with censorship. passing out leaflets to team clubs, to young kids as young as 10 to entice them to go to a movie that they've deemed unsuitable for viewing by anyone

under 17, there's something wrong. so you're going to hear people say, oh, these guys are involved in censorship, they want to -- it has nothing to do with that. it has everything to do with the entertainment industry marketing to children, to children information which is harmful to them and before our committee we had representative of the american psychiatric association, the american psychologist organization and the american pediatric association all three of them said that this stuff is harmful to children with study after study but that's not the issue, the issue is whether the industry should be marketing this stuff to children that they have said themselves through their rating system is unsuitable to these children, by the way we have seen positive response now that the information has come out. i have to do one more and i know

i have to sign your books. [inaudible] [applause] >> we were there years before kennedy was shot, sitting next to me colonel west in vietnam, so i think that the historic answer to the question, there are california groups reformed in every county in the state backing the bush-cheney ticket largery result of your proud service to the united states and

we are proud to be on the team. >> thank you, sir. [applause] >> doesn't take a lot of talent to get shot down. yes, sir, could i just make one additional response? i don't disagree with your conclusion, but remember when you and the colonel were there our involvement was relatively small, 50, 60,000 people, there was a decision made -- >> about 500. >> about 500? after the gulf of tonk an, the decision made by johnson administration, many kennedy advisers that we would dramatically escalate military presence, that was my only point. i don't think that they had reached the point in the -- in the decision-making process that they could to pull back, many military men that you and i know, once we got it in we were so deeply we couldn't although i

never accepted the thesis, yes, sir. >> teddy roosevelt -- why is there all this emphasis almost solely on the national parks to complete elimination of consideration and discussion of the care and mishandling of the national forest by the clinton-core administrations? >> i think there's been both. i mean, if you go to the grand canyon today i guaranty you will see you're in the middle of grand central station. i think both have been neglected particularly the issue of forest fires, we should have cleared the underbrush and the smaller growth out of a lot of those national forests that we have and i'm happy to tell you that i think that policy is changing now and i know that i have to -- our friends here would like to sell me books and they charge me rent for this opportunity but i thank you all again for coming today and god bless.

thank you. [applause] >> thank you all, i'm going ask you to stay seated for a moment, please. c-span is here and they've asked if people will remain seated and we can start with this row here and then we will go row by row because they would like to be able to get this on their -- on program as people are signing so i know it's an unusual request but it will go fast, we will be organized, so i will just ask that this group here against who come first and paula will monitor the rows, thank you very much for your cooperation, thank you for being here today. [inaudible conversations]

>> thank you. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

>> yes, ma'am, thank you. how are you, sir? [inaudible conversations] >> thank you. pleasure to see you. thank you. [inaudible conversations] >> wonderful. [inaudible conversations]

[laughter] [inaudible conversations] >> i feel like i know the whole -- [inaudible conversations] >> thank you. >> do you want a picture? [inaudible conversations] [laughter] [inaudible conversations] >> thank you. >> great to see you. >> good luck to you.

>> thank you. >> thank you very much. >> for next time. [inaudible conversations] >> nice to meet you. >> thank you. [inaudible conversations] >> thank you so much.

how are you? >> i'm so sad you are not running -- [inaudible conversations] >> my best friends. [inaudible conversations] >> oh, really? [inaudible conversations] >> how are you? >> good, how are you? >> how old are you? >> 16. [inaudible conversations] >> it is. >> yeah. >> a lot of challenges you face. sure, sure.

[inaudible conversations] >> thank you very much. hi, how are you? >> i have never ever -- i really admire you. [inaudible conversations] >> if you would have run i would have voted for you, but if you run again, i will. >> very honored. >> thank you. >> senator, good to see you. >> great shirt. [inaudible conversations] >> i'm sorry you didn't make it. >> thank you. we had a -- >> what's going to happen in 2004? are you going to come back? [inaudible conversations] >> love that shirt. hi, how are you? >> hi. >> pleasure, what's your name?

>> erin. >> nice to meet you. >> honor to meet you, sir, true hero. [inaudible conversations] >> it's tough -- had challenges. >> yeah. >> want to come around here -- [inaudible conversations] >> thank you so much. >> right around here. there we go, thank you. my pleasure. [inaudible conversations]

>> okay. [inaudible conversations] >> appreciate it. [inaudible conversations] >> have such influence. second of all, i believe that -- [inaudible conversations]

>> thank you, sir. thank you. [inaudible conversations] >> thank you. >> good how are you, senator? >> fine, thank you. hey, how are you? >> good to meet you. >> thanks for serving. [inaudible conversations]

>> good to see you. nice to see you. >> we already have your book. >> thank you, sir. >> i talked to my brother hugh this morning. [inaudible conversations] >> thank you, pleasure to see you. if you want to send me the book, i will sign it. just send it to u.s. senate in washington, d.c. send it back. thank you, great to see you. wonderful. thank you, sir. hey, how are you? nice to see you. >> thank you. [inaudible conversations]

>> my pleasure. your name is? >> i'm sean. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> how are you?

how are you? [inaudible conversations] >> pleasure to see you. thank you for coming today. how are you? nice to meet you. [inaudible conversations] >> giants fan. [inaudible conversations] >> thank you. [laughter] [inaudible conversations] >> hi, my name is carol, nice to meet you. aren't you proud? [inaudible conversations] >> how old is she now?

[laughter] [inaudible conversations] >> maybe. >> we have four. >> yeah. >> i don't think we will have 11. [laughter] >> thank you. >> good to meet you. >> thank you. >> what's your son doing? [inaudible conversations]

>> i know. >> thank you. >> hi, how are you? nice to see you. [inaudible conversations] >> yes. thank you. thank you. >> hi, how are you? i like your hat. [laughter] >> my friend's grandson -- [inaudible conversations] >> i have been there a couple of times. >> hi. >> hi. [inaudible conversations]

>> you did? [inaudible conversations] >> went to ufc. >> pleasure. >> this morning with sam and this is much better. yes, he is. yeah. don't always agree with him but very smart. >> thank you, good to see you, thank you. [inaudible conversations] >> no, unfortunately he couldn't come.

[inaudible conversations] >> you're independent -- thank you, nice to meet you. how are you? how old are you? >> 14. >> you're altogether? [inaudible conversations] >> yeah. >> thanks for coming, i appreciate you being here. >> how are you doing? [inaudible conversations] >> george o'brian.

>> you're smart and successful. [inaudible conversations] >> make sure these kids have -- the fine young men -- [inaudible conversations] >> so many people of irish descendants. [inaudible conversations] >> remember, join the navy. how are you, sir?

[inaudible conversations] >> are you in school? [inaudible conversations] >> nice to see you. >> how are you? >> just a signature? how old are you? >> 15. >> pleasure to see you. thank you for coming. appreciate it. hey, how are you doing? [inaudible conversations] >> glad to see you. >> american university. >> fine school. that's awesome. [inaudible conversations] >> great. good to see you. >> thank you. [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] >> thank you very much. thank you. >> how are you, senator? >> pleasure to see you. [inaudible conversations] >> book tv recently visited capitol hill to ask members of congress what they're reading this summer. >> right now the book i just finished surprisingly good book about 1968 election and that was my coming out election, i got very involved involved in the 'h

gene mccarthy and kennedy and it was heartbreaking year with assassinations of kennedy and martin luther king. pivotal year in politics with his book called playing with fire and i really want to recommend it if you want to understand what happened in 1968 especially politically, great book. another book also 50 years later about 1968 is this book called wave 1968 by mark, this is the story in graphic detail in february of 1968 but the battle, the city of way which was a peaceful, beautiful architecturally stunning city who was complete destroyed and unlike other battles around vietnam, the battle of wei

lasted months and this book it's a little different. it's not your classic antiwar book, it's really -- it really focuses on the bravery and the actions of marine and army in trying to fight back and win back the city of wei and very dramatic and tells from both sides, north vietnamese and it is extraordinarily telling and insides how the united states got vietnam got so wrong and the battle of hue was systematic and the complete denial of what was happening in hue by the commander in u.s. forces in the south. a little book really worth reading in the current times, the sock -- sociopath next year, what is it like to work with people who is seemed as charming

who has no moral compass, no sense of right or wrong and no empathy for other people and tend to be extremely narcissistic, i don't know why but this book seemed to be relevant and i recommend it. i took up a new mystery writer nor norwegian and i highly recommend it. not your normal heros, very flawed sort of a main character who nonetheless solves crimes, this is the writer and it's very complex writer and joy to read, jo nesbo from norway. book standing in arm goageddon n the united states, goes no terms of cycles in terms of

progressive reforms and this documents the period of time and well worth -- history well worth knowing, certainly informs us about lots of movements today and a little bit dry in pros and progressive characters, if you want to understand what was that progressive era and why is it relevant today. another mystery writer i recommend that i picked up this last year is a canadian writer louis penny, she has a main character and she has the same setting that small canadian town and it's great writing and she's got a great flair for mysteries and character development and, you know, once you get you want to read all of the books and that's what i did. i read all of the books the last year, i liked them that much and i want to do the same with joe, just finished a major political

biography by robert who is a great american historian and wrote a book the life of john f kennedy, he wrote one volume, political biography of franklin roosevelt, he correctly in my opinion puts franklin roosevelt as one of the top presidents with washington and lincoln no. president has faced the kind of dilemma franklin roosevelt did in both having to respond to the worst economic history and attack on pearl harbor and having to win over four years a two-front war, one in pacific and one in atlantic, no one faced that kind of a challenge, roosevelt was great skill, was a heroic figure in both personal life and his political life and

reshaped america, boy, is this a recent updated version of who franklin roosevelt was and very much worth reading. this book called the unwinding by george packard i really recommend to people who want to understand the economic unsettlement that produced donald trump, why so many midwest, rust belt industrialized cities in the past, why were they so upset, the impact of human lives, the extraordinary stress caused by the loss of a job and economic dislocation for the whole family is brilliantly and in number of places including youngstown, ohio, you cannot read the book and understand the forces, the economic forces that led to political forces that led to the

election outcome of 2016. i really recommend this book. this book called the gulf of fire is the story of the earthquake and tsunami that hit, a lot of people forget this period in history, it was not that long ago, 18th century, earthquake that devastated and followed by a tsunami from the mediterranean that kind of destroyed the rest of the city and this is the account of that great event by mark molesky, really well done, piece of history that gets overlooked all of the time but it's worth reminding ourselves that this disaster obviously can change the course of human history and certainly in our own lifetime we saw the impact of both earthquakes and tsunamis in the asian pacific region.

this book, a gentleman in moscow was one of my favorite novels i read in the last year, it is brilliant. the story of a man, a noble man, who was command by soviet court in the early part of soviet union, 1920's to spend the rest of his life in hotel in moscow and this is the story of all of those decades of what happens to him and how he lives his life and it is just a joy to read and now in the midst of reading the rules of civility, his other book but this is a gem and will go down in history as one of the best pieces of modern history in a long time. if there is a book about the war in the pacific, not only

approachable but brilliant and i could not put it down and it's a trilogy, in toll's book and predecessor the pacific war trilogy, he takes us through pearl harbor, through midway, the most decisive battle probably of the pacific in terms of turning the war and then 42 to 44 the campaign from canal all the way, brilliant writing. i mean, i couldn't put it down. i would say the best history of the pacific i have seen or touched, i highly recommend ian toll. gordon wood, great american historian, has written a lot about the american revolution, wrote a book, friendship and rivalry of john adams and thomas

jefferson. one of the most famous pairings in american history, they were very close, they were together as dignitaries, ambassadors to the united states, colonial in the united states and then, of course, became rivals to the presidency, ran against each other, got very bitter in election of 1800 and didn't talk or communicate for a number of years and then they resumed correspondence, one of the founders of america and position in philadelphia. and that blossomed until enduring friendship until they died, they both died july 4th, 1826, within hour, great coincidences in american history. this is that story and it's really a joy to read and there are a lot about what made them tick, both of them admirable

figures and both had flaws. the final book i wanted to highlight although actually there's more i didn't bring, and that's called the 3 lives of james madison and james madison as political figure and he ended up being a very different kind of man than he began in the revolutionary period and definitely in constitution. people think of james madison, for example, small government, we don't want that big federal government encroaching, nothing can be further than the truth. when he was writing the constitution and when he defended, he actually wanted the congress of the united states to have a veto over state legislative legislation, can you imagine that? he actually favored a much stronger central government and it was only later when we actually started to have central government when the constitution was implemented. he fall back on the jefferson

point of view about it all but that's not how he started. he was a strong ally and went further than alexander hamilton and his philosophy. great read, great book, well done. finally, walter biography of the life of dv vinci, fascinating work. we like to think a lot of da vinci as sculptor and he was. he would pick up projects and then them and not finish them and he left behind a lot of unfinished products which must have frustrated clientele but i don't think he cared. nonetheless, intellect of endless curiosity which is what wrote art and science and man ahead of his time in many ways

and curious about everything and that's a biography that's a must on your list, you have to read biography of da vinci. .. .. ...>> so in applause. >> i'm the executive director of the american leadership forum and we would like to