every government decision. he would be blamed for every government decision but the president's precious time should be making presidential decisions and getting ready to make top presidential decisions rather than making government decisions. it's your job to make sure people are making government decisions are making them the right way. .. >> these companies who brought c-span to viewers as a public service. >> french president emmanuel macron spoke about the global response to climate change and the relationship needed to

restore the economy in 2021. his remarks were part of the world economic forum. this is 25 minutes. >> dear participants, it's my great honor to welcome mr. -- president macron. generally we meet in davos. nevertheless, i'm very pleased that we are able to have this visit and dialog instead. i know mr. president, that in my opinion and in the opinion of many, you are one of those who have a long-term visit and so i would like to talk about

questions relating to how we should be building the post covid world. and let me start with the first question. in your opinion, what would be your vision to rebuild a greener economy, a more resilient economy, more sustainable? so what is your vision for the long-term? do we need a new vision? >> hello professor schwab, i'm very pleased to see you, also, through this virtual conference and thank you very much for organizing these virtual discussions that are so important in this period. i wanted to talk about today's

world and its link to tomorrow's world because in all of our countries, societies are transforming through the experience that we're going through and i think we have to remember a few things from what we have been experiencing over the last year and that is going to last many months yet and probably many years yet according to what some are saying. the first thing to say you cannot think economy without thinking about human beings. it might seem banal, but we've saved lives, that's the first lesson and we remember the economy you're talking about was moral science and the lives were more important than figures and money. and also, this period reminds us of our vulnerability.

i caught this, the virus. and you can't think about the organization of the country. some were more aware of this, but it seemed a distant idea when we thought about climate and economy. what happens around our daily lives can change things deeply. having said that, we can know the build anything, i don't believe in this post covid world without reaping the benefits and learning the lessons from what we have experienced. our societies are vulnerable because nature is reminding us of this. we're vulnerable to pandemic, climate events and so on. and so, the economy of tomorrow strengthened by these lessons, we talk a lot about new strains

and variants, but there are also things that are not varying. the economy of tomorrow is going to have to be an economy that thinks about innovation and humanity and it's going to have to build competitiveness together with climates. the climate challenge, reducing co2 emissions and the biodiversity and it's an economy that has to be more resilient, that will be better organized and will have to be including these elements to-- of resistance in the-- in the supply chains and we'll get 0 back to this later and has to take in the principle of humanity whether it's on a social or health point of view.

we talked about this last year and i believe we will not get out of this pandemic if-- or rather, we will get out of this pandemic only with an economy that is -- that thinks more about fighting inequalities. this is basically what i could say briefly. i believe, mr. president, that you said last year after the ilo meeting, that capitalism had become mad and in the context you describe of a moral economy, what is the goal of company philosophy? i published a book today called stakeholder capitalism. what is your philosophy on this? what is your stake on this?

i understand that your expressions, they call capitalism, but if you look at the last decade, we have the capitalism and market economies have proven the successes we cannot -- we cannot be too quick to destroy the first time here. i mean, we know that it's saved many millions of people and it took many millions of people out of poverty so it enabled citizens and consumers to have access to goods and services as it happened very few times in the past. nevertheless, this all took place with the creation of inequalities in the different societies. so it meant that some people

were taken out of poverty and it took people into the production cycle, but it took out some others from the production cycle and many fellow citizens had to face different crisis of relocation, especially. and so there was social and economic shock for hundreds and thousands of people throughout the world who had this feeling of losing their usefulness and lost their job and it was a deep and moral crisis and this was expanded by capitalization of the last decades and the second is disconnection in profits. there was a finalization of capitalization, it went faster, it can be a good thing, but if you have the he will vant allocation of savings to where

funds are needed, but it's a bad thing when it's over allocates funds when there's little risk and it basically needs to profits that are not linked to innovation or work even and this is what happened. there was this kind of spiral that created more inequalities and we saw bigger inequalities in this particular sector. and with the acceleration of social network, it globallize the imagination with the-- and with people comparing each other on scales that were not known before. and so we created-- we said basically there are two kings in the system, the consumers and shareholder and

it eye justed on labors and the rest of the planet and we had the negatives. so these fed inequalities and the democracies and the sustainability of the democratic system and so the capitalist model together with this open economy can no longer work with the environment. why. because historically it was the fruit of a compromise which was democratic society. individual problems. progression for the middle class which led to the societies and this was for acceleration. >> and so i really believe in your stakeholder capitalism, meaning that we need to put back the heart of the model, the response to these four questions. over the last few years, we've tried to do so, states have

tried to do so, but states alone cannot do that. if we try to do that we'll have a problem because the state will be the only one who tries to connect external negativity so it incurs a lot of debt to pay on for the remedy to climate change, remedy to inequalities and and so the model where you have an overwhelming public debt and taxpayers have pay for that and as we know that, taxpayers are the sedentary actors, if you will. they cannot enjoy all the benefits of globalization. this is why i'm convinced that we will believe the future of humanity by keeping certain things, private property, cooperation, individual and collective freedoms which are the bedrock of our societies. so all of this must lead us to rethink our organizations, to bring back to the heart of

companies and undertakings, you know, the fight against social inequalities, inequality, regional disparities, the climate consequences of our actions. so, what we've called over the last few years the economic, social and environmental responsibility at csr, corporate social responsibility, these are innovations that we will need-- we need to take one step further. we need to reform our companies from within so that all the stakeholders as in stakeholder capitalism, employees, employers, shareholders, they all need-- we all need to take into account the impact of the actions in terms of, you know, democratic impact and impact and social impact.

>> you've mentioned, mr. president, that several things, and today i'm pleased to announce that we have announced the commitment on the part of private companies to report on a regular basis against specific and accurate criteria regarding their corporate and social responsibility and environmental responsibility along these so called esg criteria. regarding the environment, i'm going to understand that the new american administration and the u.s. administration has joined again the paris agreement and a lot of progress has certainly been made, but i

would like to ask you, are you satisfied with the progress made so far or do you call for a new concensus that would go beyond what has been discussed, proved in the past? >> both. i have several comments on this. first of all, we agreed on a climate agenda, the paris agenda and at this point we have not lived up to our commitments, all of us. so, our priority is to do utmost to stay true to our commitments and i'm saying altogether because there cannot be any free loaders. we need to move together so know the to create productivity

biases. this is why in the last few years, when the u.s. decided to leave the paris agreement in the summer there was a risk and i see in the last few years the house of cards did not crumble, tumble, so, we created the one planet summit and we held steady, europeans, emerging countries, china, also, let us not forget they cooperated so much very much so and federation and now the biden administration first move is to join the paris climate again. and i call on everyone in europe, to look at emissions minus 55% and second we looked at carbon neutrality by 2050

and these are the near milestone in the future to shape our behavior. we need to apply this at the regional level. we need carbon pricing high enough and mechanisms that encourage and invites companies that go down that road. we need to have sanction mechanisms so that companies, households can go faster, stronger. we need to renovate our buildings, our cars, et cetera, et cetera. so, this is the first pillar and it is essential. the second pillar is about bringing with us the industry and private companies, private sectors. this circles back to what we're saying. i really believe in the initiative we set up with the one planet summit with wealth funds and equity managers and private players, december 12th last year we had a virtual

meeting with these partners and managed to bring under one head, if you will, one project the climate financial disclosure task force, the civil task force and this is really, this is a great step forward so we have a great-- investors are going to have have an investment methodology which is what you were talking about and which we're now applying at company level and on december 12th last we managed to have the companies of the cac 40 in france adopt this new methodology so they'll have to proof to the market, the capital markets that they comply with this criteria and the third pillar we need the same with biodiversity. i am convinced we'll only be able to stay true to our climate commitments if we bring

on board, our companies, our people, our country on biodiversity agenda. this is what we mentioned with one health, the one health initiative because this brings together the fight against climate change for biodiversity, what we're doing for climate we need to do for biodiversity and this will entail changes in agriculture production in the very way that we consume and live and so this year we have to come up with common rules, so, when you ask what more do we need to negotiate, so i believe that in the summit we need to negotiate the equivalencesy of the paris agreement in biodiversity. we had a one planet summit for biodiversity and we took several initiatives, the great green wall was one of them. it travels 11 countries of the

south and horn of africa in order to fight decertification. and biodiversity we launched a new initiative for financial disclosure. and this is key. so these are the three pillars i would like to put forward. mr. president, if we take all of these changes does it mean that we need to bring about a new era or a new mode of globalization? a new normal for globalization? >> yes, it does. everything that we're talking about is pointing into the same direction and three elements in particular. first of all, we need to build a new concensus. on november the 11th last-- during the paris peace summit we tried to bring together

heads of states, ngo's, intellectuals to try and-- and ngo's to try and think about what we modestly called the paris concensus, it's everywhere, it doesn't matter. the idea was to observe basically that we needed to move beyond the washington concensus, we needed to above beyond deregulation and the end of a state intervention. so and this is the discussion that we have been having since the beginning. we need to build a new concensus that integrates this and second of all, we need to find a new mode of cooperation between states basically to go back to an efficient brand of multilateral, this has been for years, this was stymied by the previous administration and i have a lot of hopes for the new year with our american partner which i hope is about to reengage with us. we need to build an efficient brand of multilateralism for

the concensus. >> and thirdly, we need to build these new coalitions, those that we tried to build in one planet summit, which was to meet those challenges, the new normal that you mentioned is and here the interpreter has no signs, apologies, we seemed to have lost macron. so between states, ngo's and investors-- we have recovered the sign, it seems. mr. president, in all what you mentioned there is also the fourth industrial revolution. how much will the digital system bring a new future?

how will it make this vision of the future more possible? and it seems that we have lost president macron. i'm sorry, i seem to have lost you for a minute. oh, president. then i can ask you, i know how interested you are in new technologies and i was just asking you a question on the fourth industrial revolution, but in all different concepts, you know, the digital is playing a major role. how do you see the impact of the digital eco system on everything that you mentioned

before? i think there are several actually. the first one is that we are seeing many revolutions at the moment when it comes to the digital, but there are several revolutions rolled into one. we are the start of a technology called revolution. we have the ai, artificial intelligence revolution as well that's going to change productivity and it's going to change the paradigm from industry to health care to space. and next to ai revolution you'll have quantum revolution as well and through the computation powers it's going to deeply change our industry by changing the industry of senses what you can do in

aeronautic industry and the civilian industries and so on. and that means, also, our capacity to the current pandemic, for instance. quantum intelligence will completely change the way we tack on pandemics in the future. so problems that would take weeks to solve will be solved in one day, diagnosis will be able to be made in just a few moments thanks to ai and quantum intelligence. so, we have a convergence between those different innovations. the digital on the one hand, which is what we call social networks and hyper connectivity and quantum technologies and ai and the combination of this means we are going to have acceleration of innovation of deep breakthroughs in terms of

innovation and we'll see a capacity to commoditize some industries and create value very quickly. so from what i've just said what impact will it have? >> firstly, we're going to continue to innovate and accelerate that's for sure. and secondly there will be impacts in terms of social adjustment and we have to think of that from now. and they will be truer in tomorrow's world. we will have the impacts and have the adjustments that will be real and we'll have to consider them from today. thirdly, it will have democratic impacts. so i believe that these will accelerate our problems on a social and democratic point of view. what we've seen in the u.s. showed this on the democratic side in the last few weeks and fourthly, on the resilience of our systems and the response to

the climate crisis, i believe that we underestimated the advances in terms of innovation and i think these technologies will mean that we will be able to respond to the crisis faster. if we step back a little i believe our economies will have to invest in these faster and if we work well and we cooperate, then these innovationings will mean that we can create value and we can make the economic challenges and i really believe that it will mean that we can answer faster the climate challenge. and this is why i believe in the economy of the better and it's better to improve these activities, but it will lead to some better questions in terms of the democracies, the inequalities, social inequalities in our countries. mr. president, this was a very comprehensive vision of our

future, but the future is going to happen no matter what and we have to build it. and i'm very pleased that through your explanations we see that some people and some leaders have a very clear vision of how to act and how to think about the future. and what this future should do, what it should look like and how it should be built for the good of humanity. so, thank you very much, president. i'm very sorry that technology failed us somewhat. it was between paris and geneva, but nevertheless, i believe that this was a great event and we were able to look into the future somewhat. thank you very much, president. thank you, professor.

thank you very much, everyone. it's true that sometimes we are back to the grinding stone, the grinding stone, but i think it was very nice to be able to look forward along this, and i fully share your last words. let's not forget that the target is a ways to build a good life with all its advantages and with the will of respecting the other. and we have to serve this target. so, thank you very much. i wish you a very good year 2021 and i hope to see you in person very soon. >> book tv on c-span2 has top nonfiction books and authors every weekend. saturday 8 p.m. eastern, kamala's way, talking about the life and career about vice-president kamala harris. then at 11:00 eastern, charles

goodheart talk about the book "the great demographic reversal", aging society and on sunday on after words new york times op-ed columnist on his book the devil you know, a black power manifesto is by the woodson founder, robert woodson. watch book tv this weekend on c-span2. >> listen to c-span's podcast, the weekly. this weekend anddy card former chief of staff in the george w. bush administration and deputy and shares advice for chief of staff ron klain. >> i told him to pay attention to the decisions made by the

president. the president shouldn't be making every government decision, the presidential decisions. he'll be blamed for the governmental decisions, but he'll be making presidential decisions, rather than making government decisions. and it's your job to make sure that people making the government decisions are making them the right way. >> join c-span's "the weekly" where you get your podcasts. >> former janet yellen was sworn in as treasury secretary, the first woman to hold that position. >> raise your right hand. i, janet yellen, do solemnly swear, that i will support and defend the constitution of the united states. >> that i will