proposed now that would make the judges subject to title 7 to the same sexual harassment rules. everyone else has to follow so far that has not passed the wall street journal did do a great story about showing that is are not following the rules and neither to judge kent and reporting his gifts and things he had gotten accurately as they're required to do that has been beefed up that lot did pass but the women's allegations primarily. it's been women who have been saying, you know, we need to fix this system. we need to improve the federal judicial misconduct law itself and how this process is conducted those still are not passed but there is active legislation. there are hearings that have been held even this last several months and there are texans involved in that in that fight. i'm sorry. i'm being told up here that the police back there saying that we have to move on. i thank you all for coming. remember we'll be on c-span. tell your friends.

i wanted to introduce myself. i'm dr. rita or kikoris. so excited to be here. i was telling kelly that i'm such a nerd that i just been counting the days for for this event today. i'm a professor of modern languages and literature specifically spanish, but also gender and sexuality as well as chicana chicano latina latino chicken eggs, latinx theater and performance here at trinity university right up the the street and really a child of the borderlands. so today's event is really dear to my heart, but let me go ahead and introduce you the woman of the hour dr. kelly. lyle hernandez is a professor of history african american studies and urban planning at the

university of california, los angeles where she holds the tomas elefka endow chair in history and directs the ralph j. bunch bunch. that's right bunch center for african american studies. one of the nation's leading experts on race immigration and mass incarceration. she is the author of write these down if you have an migra a history of the us border patrol with the university of california, press published in 2010 as well as city of inmates conquest rebellion, and the rise of human caging in los angeles university of north carolina, press 2017. and of course today's book bad mexicans race empire in the revolution in the borderlands, which is just out o press right? when was it publish made man, may 10th five days after cinco de mayo. yes. yes. thank you. she all so leads a very important program that show tell us a little bit about it called million dollar hoods a big data

research initiative documenting the fiscal and human costs of incarceration in los angeles for her historical and contemporary work professor. lyle hernandez was named that in macarthur genius fellow she is also elected an elected member of the society of american historic historians the american academy of arts and sciences and the pulitzer prize board, and so just all around genius here. thank you so much for being here. no, thank you for being here. and so we've been nerding out for a couple of hours and and on friday and i wanted to begin so that you could tell our our audience today if we can begin with the personal and get get into the research in graduate school for me at uc the university of california san diego. we had this saying the girls research is research.

so when we do our research we go into the work looking for ourselves and looking for what we identify with. and so the first question is can you tell us? what attracts you to the history survival and rebellion of brown and black people? how to start my life right right. okay, so i grew up in the borderlands. i'm from san diego, california, and these questions are really close to my heart and my personal experience when i was coming of age in the 1980s and the 1990s. there was both a war on drugs and a war on immigrants and i experienced that as a young black child on the borderlands as you know, the police were coming to our schools and to our parties and to our parks and breaking things up and putting us on the stoop and whatnot. arresting us when i was seeing kind of like across the way was the way that the border patrol was treating mexican immigrants and mexicano communities and they were going on the buses. they're going to the transit stations.

they're going to the schools. they were sleeping people up and disappearing them just like they were disappearing everybody. i knew. but nobody was talking about how these similar forms of racial violence and policing were related to each other. they seemed to be happening in their own silos, but i was you know from a very early age extremely curious about what was the relationship between anti-black policing anti-non white immigrant policing in particular so many of these stories for me come from those questions. i had as a child as a black girl in the borderlands in particular and i pursue them like 20 years at this point in a variety of ways. began by thinking about police violence and mexican immigrant communities with migra at that point in time people weren't talking about immigration and race and policing altogether this was an immigrant story. i said mmm. nah, this is also something about race and white supremacy, and i want to talk about that and trying figure it out archively.

when i finished migra, which was that story of anti-mexicom policing i wanted to talk about. what's the next step in the carceral state? that's imprisonment. and i wrote this book city of inmates which ended up being a far more complex and textured history of mass incarceration that i anticipated involving indigenous communities all forms and non-white immigrant communities, of course black folks. and now we're at we're at bad mexicans, right? so i wanted to spend after all this work on policing and violence and prison and caging. i really wanted to focus on the rebels. but it makes sense right because to be to have written these two books about migra right the the us border patrol city of inmates people being incarcerated brown and black people primarily be an incarcerated and then coming. is rebels in the borderlands to get that history of why and how we get to this communities right before we dive into the book though. i did want you to to tell us a

little bit more about this project that you are internationally recognized for the million dollarhoods. could you please describe to our audience and tell us what what it is that you and your team are doing there? that's okay. so million dollars is a began as a big data mapping project and what we do is we acquire lapd la sheriff's department arrest and jail data, we clean it all up and then we make these digital maps. you can look at on your phone million dollarhoods.org and we show every community. we're more than a million dollars is being spent per year locking up local residents of that community and some communities. it's tens of millions of dollars every year spent on incarceration. the leading charges and most of these million dollar hoods. are you can guess it right drug possession and duis. and our argument is if we took those millions of dollars, we moved it out of policing. observation and we put it into counseling and to housing employment education everything we know builds stronger people

families and communities that we would be a much better use of our public resources. so million dollar hoods began with that. it's a community driven university-based project our analysis of the data is all coming out of most impacted communities. we've now grown we're not just a data project anymore. we're also an archival project through a lawsuit against the lapd. we want about 200 boxes of previously undisclosed records. we're moving through those archives right now to figure out what has been the full human toll of policing in la over the last couple of decades? and we're also have a major project called implementing the age abolition in which we're thinking about if policing and incarceration have become major economies in los angeles, which they certainly have their areas of employment and if we want to scale back, our commitments to policing incarceration about all the workers in the carceral economy many of whom are black and brown folks who were displaced into these jobs around

the, you of the industrialization. the argument is we want to get all of our people out of the carceral economy the caged in the cagers, right the police and the policeers and the police. so we're thinking about creating a blueprint of how do you move this massive economy and workforce out of policing incarceration and into jobs that help us have stronger communities parks education house and we just went through it. all right, so we're trying to work with people who are formally incarcerated youth in particular people who work in probation, but who have come to a different understanding of the work that they've done the harm that being a caterers dungeon alone cells. yes and the harm that they've done to others try to work all together to create this blueprint to get out and you have mentioned the idea the fact that is the biggest incarcerator in the entire world which you know, let that sink in right to have the city of la incarcerating the most number of

people per year as a whole are there plans to also do this type of project or a similar sister in other places. well, not from us and that's because million dollars is so community driven, right? so this is a project that came out of local organizers who were fighting against the establishment of a 3 billion dollar jail in los angeles. we partner with other communities, but it would have to be a locally. you know driven projects somewhere else. i have to also say that million dollar hoods, it builds upon previous projects elsewhere and maybe you've heard of these million dollar blocks projects and chicago and new orleans and elsewhere with the analysis being you know, how much is being spent to lock up people on a single block la is not a vertical city, right? it's a horizontal city. so we turn that into million dollar neighborhoods a million dollars. thank you and to wrap up the personal part of this and of course all of it is academic as well. right, but what does it mean to

have the term genius associated with you now that you have received the macarthur genius award. i knew you would love it this one. yeah. look the work that i do so community driven it is the genius of our communities, right and it's about diversifying the academy and bringing all the force and power of our experiences of our intuition. to the cannon to the mainstream and so if there's a genius at work, it's a genius of bipop communities and our experiences and the way that we're helping to in terms of the historical field rethink. what is the so-called american story? i just am blessed to be in this particular position for sure. so now let's get to the book. for our audience who haven't been picked it up yet. the book is divided into four sections. the first one is titled el

porfiriato. the second one is we will be revolutionaries. the third one is running down the revolutionists and the last one tierra libertad land and liberty. you argue that we cannot understand the history of the united states imperialism with that understanding the history of that transnational magonista movement the proceeds and leads into the mexican revolution. could you please detail the personal and political relationships that led ricardo flores magon his brothers and many other allies to fight against the portfolio. yes dictatorship. chapter 1 section one two minutes or less. all right in one minute one minute. okay. well so bad mexicans it tells a story of this group of mexican dissidents mostly journalists who were fighting the dictatorship in mexico and the dictator was this man named porfío diaz and the title of the book comes from the fact that the diaz regime would disparage

these dissidents as malus meekanos bad mexican, right? after years of imprisonment and all storms forms a suppression and mexico city the dissidents come to united states first laredo, texas then san antonio and then saint louis to rebuild their social movement to try to oust the dictator back. to come so bad mexicans, it recounts the story largely of what happens after they arrive in the united states and we build their social movement. they restart their rebel newspaper around accion. they start a political party the partita lebron mexicana on the plm and they also establish an army an army of the dispossess of cotton pickers and miners and migrant workers that goes on to raid mexico four times between 1906 and 1908. those raids really destabilize the deas regime and make the world wonder if diaz is are numbered and why that's important here in the united states. is that the united states had at least investors made major investments and stakes in the

portfolio diaz administration buying up nearly a quarter of the mexican land base and coming to dominate key mexican industries oil railroads and more. so when the mangonistas start raiding mexico and saying look we're going to throw out this dictator the united states government throws in and says we got to stop this revolution from potentially destabilizing our investments in mexico. so bad mexicans tell the story not only of the social movement that they're rebuilding in the united states, right? they're outrunning spies and detectives and all this, you know kind of insurgency work, but it's also the story of the us and mexican government working together to build a cross-border or counters. there's a team to try to thwart this uprising before it could get started. and the beautiful part about it is you have all these ordinary people journalists again minors. i can workers cotton pickers who? able against all odds to outsmart and outrun the mexican and the us governments to help incite the outbreak of the mexican revolution.

so it's an extraordinary tale. and what's at stake here is a world vision in which capitalism and capital dominates a world vision in which white supremacy run rain supreme. that's held by the dictatorship and the us government. and the counter visions for life that the rebels bring that their imagining really plenty for them polished right land for all those who've been dispossessed and probably most important power for the marginalized and it's those freedom dreams that they are able to help push forward into the outbreak of the mexican revolution. thank you. see you didn't that wasn't too sorry. and so the book cover and we have it up there. it for those of you who don't have it right has these mexicans these bad mexicans all men right? and so if i'm translating the

title in my mind, i'm thinking los mexicanos malos los malos mexicanos right in terms of the masculinity, but as you read the book as one reads the book we see all these women all these amazing revolutionary and revolution is women that are part and parcel of everything that the mangonist does and the particular mexicano and recreational and they're everywhere right in it's not only mexican women, but there's also anglo-american women. there's all kinds of different women that are participating in the in this movement if you had to choose one or two of these women to to write another book. i know i know you have a lot of projects but who would you expand on if you needed to or wanted to and you get another like, you know 48 hours in a day to do this, who are those women that called to you? when you think of all of them that are in the book easy, i got your hands. yes, so i would definitely write about juana blanc gutierrez de

mendoza if i had a chance and if we had a virtual archive of her so one was this extraordinary autodide act from the mountains of durango a cross-dressing most likely queer, although it's not 100% clear. who? would first became a labor organizer for minors and mine workers and she was arrested so many times that rather than writing her her name on her her jail booking record. she would simply write sedition and rebellion. that's hot right. she's so awesome. and so she is a really important labor organizer and dissident in mexico and she comes north with the whole group that comes north in 1904 and one of the things i like about her the most is that as the man who's known as the leader of the sisters this guy ricardo flores mcgone as he becomes more and more powerful. it's wanna who steps to him and says yo, i mean this this movement's getting a little organized around you as an

individual. this is coming really personal. what's really at stake. here are the principles and we got to return to the principles and she goes toe to toe with him and she's just extraordinary and doing that. whereas i think many people ricardo was brilliant, right? and he could slash at the dictator, but he was also vitriolic and i think some people who want to step back from all of that. i are right that he could bring she said not we're gonna do this and you know, he tried to throw her onto the bus a couple of times and she wasn't having it. she was not going to be shamed out of the revolution and she sticks with it. she goes on to help at least organize and plan some major revolts as the mexican revolutions taking off in mexico city. she goes on to join emily on us about this army and help ghosts right his plan day ayala. she goes on to fight for women. and voting rights and everything in mexico. she's an extraordinary human being so that's what we have. that's what we know about juana. i'm confident that there's so

much more the archive is so slim so if i could how it's been the rest of my life with juana. oh, i love that. i love that and going into the archives, right we know as researchers as professors as teachers that to go into an archive, especially at the rebel archive materials aware forbidden to look into what does it mean for you to be able to get your hands on all of these boxes and letters and materials for you to construct this really fun and and heart-wrenching but also very fun story of these rebels and and these women that are in here. tell us a little bit about the experience of the archives for you. that's such a good question what this book in particular. so this is a social movement, right that is being built here in the united states and for long period of time they're living on the run they're living as fugitives and they're being surveilled everywhere. they go by the us marshals us department of war or department

state everybody. and in fact, there's a there's a private detective that the mexican government hires to follow these rebels across the united states and he's able to penetrate the us postal system and by putting plants and spies and us postal system. he's able to collect up their letters. write down copy the letters and then you know send off the letters to mexico for for decoding and then put some back in the mail with the hopes that the magonistas wouldn't figure out that they're being followed through the mail. well, they figure it out. they realize that their their letters are showing up to their homes violetta or violated right that they've been broken into. and so they start writing in secret code. right credible and they start writing in pseudonyms. they send every letter through, you know, four or five six intermediaries before they get to the final person. and so the thing that's amazing about this archive is an archive of stolen letters and letters written in secret code that were blessed over the generations. i mean look, this is a story. we don't know in the united

states, but it's a it's a legend in mexico. it's extraordinary well-known. and mexican and mexican-american scholars has spent decades decoding these letters and making them available. and so the fun thing about this this archive is that it's in our that's the archive that really takes us to the front lines of the revolution. what are you doing today? what are you eating today? do you have enough money for rent today? where are you going to hide out today? right, but also they're disputes with one another right? you know, it gets pretty personal it gets kind of dicey, but it takes you to the front lines of a revolution. imagine if we had those letters from the chicano movement, ah right around if we have those layers think about it right from the front line. that's what we have here. and so it's a real opportunity to see into their minds right see into their relationship. and to see how they're building this social movement against all odds by chance. do we have a picture of one of the yeah, so let's go ahead and show that oh, i love that

picture. okay, hold on hold on the middle. that's juana juana everybody fall in love with one with me. okay. sorry, this is a presentation that i have. there it is. that's one of the there we go the coded letters. that's cool. right really incredible and so in the book i give you both the letter and the code so you can break it. i don't break it for you. but if you're a k through 12 teacher you can have your students break this letter. yeah, yeah. thank you. yeah, fun stuff. i mean y'all you really have to get this book and and dive into it. i also wanted to mention that the way that you wrote it divided into these four four sections, but also small chapters right very easy accessible small chapters. why did you decide to write it in that way? i've written two academic books and this is a book for of general readership and i wanted

to be something was accessible and about storytelling. do you feel that you give anything up by transforming it into a readable book? no, this is probably more rigorous than the academic work. it was extraordinarily difficult to do this and to tell the story through through people right as opposed to our theories and all that kind of stuff. so yeah short chapters. my editor told me it's like a video game, right? and give payoffs along the way so for should be able to read one chapter one sitting and go. oh, wow, that's interesting and then come back later. so then the hook to come back for the next one. right? and then the next one. that's right. it's wonderful. in the book you detail how these people men and women magonistas and other are basically the foundation of what turns out to be the federal bureau of investigation here in the united states. can you tell us more about that

and why that is so critical to what it is that we're living today and how it is that brown and black bodies are being incarcerated and punished and and the way that that we live here in the united states with with us imperialism. yeah. in june of 1908 the plm of agonistas. they unleashed three really lethal raids in northern mexico between about the 25th and the 30th of june 1908 on july 1st of 1908 the us attorney general and president teddy roosevelt established a new federal police force called the bureau of investigation now teddy roosevelt had imagined this organization is really fighting land fraud out west but pivots very quickly after these raids. i had shook the diaz regime that had threatened us invest to mexico 50% of us foreign investments at this time are in mexico. so this is a significant threat to us capitol.

so they pivot the bureau of investigation to dedicate about a third of its first agents to tracking down and arresting and hunting down these these magonistas. so the fbi in fact cut its teeth. right was born in an effort to suppress the outbreak of the 1910 mexican revolution. now, why is that important when we talk about counterinsurgency in the united states? do you ever hear about mexicans or mexican americans? i'm seeing a whole lot of shaking his no, right? we don't so this is another example this book is it's a smuggling act in and of itself. we're taking an extraordinarily dynamic riveting tale of like armed revolts and love affairs and betrayals and secret coded letters. it's a really riveting story right? yes, but smuggling within it key moments in mexican-american history and documenting how mexican americans and mexican immigrants are at the center of

the us story. what's more essential than the fbi? right? what's more sensual than racialized policing in the united states? and it's a key issue and so you get to see there's these moments where you didn't know mexicans and mexican americans existed in the us story voila, right? we're pulling back the veil. so that kind of stuff comes up and people will go like what no, and that's just one example of the ways in which this book is trying to document that you cannot tell us history without mexico mexicans and mexican americans and this is just one example, and i hope people read this and then keep reading. yes, right and it's not just about mexicans and mexican americans about latinx. history writ large is about bipop communities written large. it's one way of helping to open up that story beware. that it's difficult right some of the of the images that we have are violent and heart-wrenching, but but yet in just fascinating in terms of

getting through the history and so in order to leave time for q&a. i wanted to invite you to read the opening of of your book and then we're gonna to transition into the question and answer. beware, this is difficult to hear however critical okay. i wept while i wrote this. they lit the pyre and watched him burn. antonio rodriguez a 20 year old ranch hand murdered a white woman they said white men from nearby farms formed a posse to track him down while the other residents of rock springs texas some 400 of them met at the edge of town and piled kindling at the base of mesquite tree. the posse soon arrived with a cowboy in the lead dragging rodriguez by a lasso looped around his neck. the mob laughed as they changed antonio to the tree and doused him in kerosene. someone threw a match in 30 minutes later when antonio rodriguez was dead. the residents of rock springs

quote return quietly to town in business was resumed. it was november 3rd 1910. mexican-american journalists in the us-mexico borderlands reported the grizzly details of rodriguez as murder condemning it as an act of racial terror akin to the lynching of african americans in the south. newspapers of mexico picked up the story lynching is not practiced by the blonde yankee except upon beings for ethnic reasons. he considers his inferiors fume the editors of mexico cities el debate. another paper dubbed anglo-americans the barbarous whites of the north dividing them so called giants of the dollar but pygmies of culture. there is indignation among mexicans over here over this lynching reported by yees. but november 8 1910 riots had erupted across mexico. targeting the considerable number of us-owned businesses and homes, the protesters smashed windows and tore down american flags while chanting

mueren los yankees death to the americans. the police arrest hundreds of people in one case officers drew sabers and descended upon a crowd killing a man by stabbing him through the neck. the protests continued on the streets and in the press prompting henry lane wilson the us ambassador to mexico to issue a public warning. the united states government will quote leave nothing undone to protect us citizens and property in mexico. it was a threat. the united states would invade mexico of a tax on interests did not see. but the protests raged on ambassador wilson decided to visit general portfolio diaz the dictator of mexico to insist that he put a stop to the so-called anti-american disturbances. but it was too late the marginistas had already incited the outbreak of the 1910 mexican revolution. please help me. thank kelly. so, i believe we have a

microphone that will come to any of you who would like to ask a question. over here and then we'll come to the two of you. thank you. thank you professor lytle hernandez. you speak of history in such compelling and fresh and revelatory ways and yet so much of the way history is discussed right now is as a kind of skirmish in the so-called culture wars. there's so much pushback against expanding history to include the perspectives and experiences of people who are traditionally left out, you know, your scholarships seem so advanced, but it seems that in k through 12. we're moving backwards. how exactly we view that and respond to that. it's a great question. ask the question of the moment, right? we are.

in danger, right if we refuse to acknowledge. the violence that has gone into the making of this country. we experienced it just this week right in buffalo. yes. i know nothing else other than try to speak truth to power. and try to bring us all together in a shared narrative of how we got here. there's no. it's not a riddle as to why our communities look the way that they do there a deep history. of degradation dehumanization of violence that has led to the racialized outcomes that we saw in covid that the incidents that we're seeing in buffalo and elsewhere and if we truly want to reckon with all that we truly want to. moved towards something called liberation or democracy or equality.

we're going to have to uproot that we first have to see it. and that's what we're trying to do as historians is to see it and to make it plain. and i am terribly concerned about many histories indigenous history in particular in the lack of recognition of it in the united states, but also around the story in particular of mexican and mexican american history. i believe that one of the reasons children can be engaged is at the border is because we don't have a human history of who these children are that they are our children, right? and so these histories that we tell are a part of trying to see one another as full human beings. so if i don't know, maybe you're okay through 12 teacher. would i commend you of teachers out there. i think that we scholars right at the university's need to lean in with you a little bit more. whether that's showing up virtually or in person to your classrooms. talking together about how we

can collaborate but you are in particular danger you were at the front lines of this and i certainly am committed to working with you and i know many of my colleagues are so please do reach out across the k through 12, you know university divide, but we're in this together. right because you were talking with them young and you're setting the foundations for the frameworks that they're going to use going forward. thank you. thank you for your question. i believe we have a question here and then for you and then samsara. thank you. i am ashamed to say that i have no radio book yet, but could you share with us a little bit more about? it gives education and the economic support system for flores magon through this period and also if you had the opportunity to see firsthand those writings, what was his stone on those letters if you got a chance to see any of that. was the question what was the

education ricardo flores magon? i think i missed the first part i missed the first part. back to you. yes, he's so bringing his education. what was you know who supported him throughout this period yeah, so ricardo flores montgom was a law school dropout, right? so we all got a revolution inside of us. so he was a law school dropout who goes on to become a journalist his brother sort of brings him in to the trade and he learns you know through an apprenticeship more or less and he supported by his older brother who had moved into the movement before him and by incredible community of dissident journalists in mexico city. he is known as the leader of this movement, but and they're known as magonistas because of that but even they would have pushed back against that label said no, we're liberals. we don't follow that dude, right? we all have our independent voices and thinking especially becoming more and more anarchists. so this a nap to think that you

would have this singular leader. that was the first part of your question, but you had a second part of your question. and i wanted to answer that the question is do we have an opportunity for his hand to see some of these letters? yes, they're available in the archives in mexico city. there are bound and they're saved. but also i will say there's a wonderful mexican scholar scholar jacinto. barretta basil's who unfortunately passed away recently, but who spent his career digitizing many of these letters and so if you go to archiva magón.net you can look at the letters yourself in their original handwriting in the secret codes and everything. wonderful. thank you. thank you for your question. yes. thank you and thank you for this extraordinary work. my question is about the relationship between the francisco ignacio madero and ricardo both were opposed enemies of dawn porter video.

both were in san antonio. i wonder if there's any evidence that they ever actually had one-on-one conversations and about the evolution of their relationship. that would be very interesting to see what you found out about that. yeah, so i follow that relationship through the book madera was right there in the introduction is right there in the conclusion. so madero is credited as being the person who will becomes the first president after portugio diaz who really sort of helps to lead the revolution once it begins really takes off in 1911. and he and ricardo flores mcgone certainly did know each other through the organizing communities and once ricardo flores magona others move north to the united states. they are really struggling to get their newspaper started, right? they're having hard time raising enough money one other buddies stole a bunch of the money and spend it on a girlfriend. you know, that kind of stuff right and they get started here in san antonio because of alone from francisco madero or a gift

from francisco madero. he says, okay. i really have been following your work for a long time. i support you since two thousand dollars for them to start and seo in san antonio. and he continues to support them. it's quite possible that one of the times that ricardo flores macon is arrested. it's mudder who post bail for him and they continue to speak back and forth. it's only when the mangonista start to raid mexico and they're armed insurgency that francisco madero is like nah, you know what we can really move this through the established political system. that's the best way to remove what field diaz from power. and the magnesis like he's never going to step down. he's never gonna step down. first of all second of all if you're looking for a radical economic and social transformation, it's not just about some new guy taking power. we have to have a really thorough revolution. and so at that point madero begins to step away from ricardo

flores mcgone and the magounistas. so there's a close relationship, but you know, it becomes contentious over time. and it's really well done in the book to to follow the whole saga right into them. thank you for your question some and then behind you. hi, good afternoon. i think the question i have for you today is just how can i incorporate? i'm a teacher and i teach social studies. so at the front line you say that we are the ones that are the most affected i believe so like i have seen teachers who have to face parents who may not agree with the things that we teach but we just teach facts and historical records are there so if i would be interested in teaching historical record, like the one that you've provided i do think talking about lynching, especially not just heat like the ones that you've shown us like i have not seen that before it's something that's new to me. so i'm going to buy your book and probably like annotated and see how i can make it accessible, but i think a lot

about the lynchings that's happened in the south and i think a lot about music. so billie holidays strange fruit as a song that i've used but even listening to it is very hard. i try to incorporate se jenkins blues when i talked about the 1918 pandemic and my students themselves even without their parents intermission in their were very taken aback because they had lost family members to it and they thought it was disrespectful of me to include a blues song. so my question to you is how can i teach history that does justice to these stories that incorporates these stories but also is sensitive to the fact that students are still developing morally and cognitively and hearing things of that sort is heavy, but also they are seeing it in their everyday life. so, how do i not trauma foreign? um the daily but also incorporate real history into their lives because i learned to texas history. and i'm very proud of it and i remember it but to this day some of the things that i've learned

and that i'm the most proud of we're factually incorrect and i've been corrected by like professors at washu. so how do you personally make amends with those two issues? thank you sometime one of my teaching mentors once told me and often says if a child can live through it a child can learn about it. so if a child has been subjected to enslavement children can learn about slavery but child has been subjected to living in the shadows of being undocumented. they can learn about that. if children through time have had to live through these conditions we should not be terribly afraid of teaching these conditions anything can be taught with grace and thoughtfulness, right? it doesn't mean that we just ram in there without thinking about how to pitch these stories how to frame them for them. so i would be one who argue don't ask my children all the things. i told them when they were young. they'll tell you all about it,

right? my kids could tell you about settler supremacy by grade two right could be speaking up to all their teachers. absolutely the other thing about this story specifically, how do you incorporate it into the k through 12 curriculum. there's a couple of ways so if you're teaching about westward expansion in manifest destiny, you can talk you can certainly fold in this story or many other stories like it with thinking about once you finish the transcontinental railroad in 1876 the railroad investors look up and go what's next. they find maxis out. right, and so that's the next extension of westward expansion is down into mexico. how you would incorporate that piece? you can incorporate this as a story of immigration that often our immigration histories at k through 12 are still very european dominated, but the fact is by 1980 mexico had replaced all european communities as being the primary. source to the united states helping them to see the

complexity of us immigration history. you can teach this if you teach about the red scare, right which case who doesn't teach about the red scare ricardo flores magon and the others are certainly incarcerated and arrested during the red scare but have been eliminated from the story. so there's so many ways that the things you already teach about boom. you can wrap them right in to this to the history. the other thing is that it's going to hopefully open up some of you know, established new pillars and new frameworks for how we we tell these stories by centering latinx protagonists in the us narrative. we have time for just one more question. no. i'm sorry. i just won 30 seconds 30 seconds. and 30 second answer. okay. so right now the conversation of the museum of the american latino is like being had us like where to have it and so it's like second fiddle to if it's gonna be on the national mall or

not, but i feel like american that you know history is super important. so what can we is normal people do to like advocate for latino american history. okay, that's a big question. okay by books right. now you have to show there's a market right for this not just this book, but i mean all the great work that's coming out. i don't want to weigh in on that question this little politically dicey. buy books go to films show that people have want to hear these stories, right and they want more of them. you want diverse perspectives even within latinx histories and within indigenous histories, but the publishing industry. works by markets and we've got to prove that we've got one out here in addition to that. just tell the story. i don't care if you buy the book right in organizing communities or oral traditions and oral cultures. just tell these stories to one another right? we have to know our histories. we have to know the shoulders

that we stand on so it's the market piece, but then there's simply the human community organizing piece. so i would always don't tell norton but i would mostly say go organize right which starts with storytelling. yes. thank you so much for being here. thank you all for coming to the 10th annual san antonio book festival. i see some familiar faces out there who i know have been supporting this thing since the beginning. so thanks, especially to you all. my name is dan goodgame. i'm the editor in chief of texas monthly and i am the first of those in the 50 year history of the magazine to live in san antonio. i'm very proud of that. it is my honor and privilege. thank you. it's my honor and privilege today to moderate a panel with the honorable henry cisneros sarah below former mayor and