>> weekends on cspan2 on intellectual feast. every saturday american history chidi documents america's story. on sunday book tv and you the latest in nonfiction books and authors. funding for c-span2 comes these television companies and more. including cox. >> homework can be hard. but squatting in a diner for internetwork is even harder. that is why we are providing lower income students access to affordable internet. so homework can just be homework. cox connected to compete. >> cox, along with these television companies support cspan2 as a public service. xmas week center for public affairs virtual event we bring you a conversation with the "washington post" and national politics columnist karen who is joining us in conversation for her brand-new book the triumph of nancy reagan in addition to work at the "washington post",

karen has worked at a time in los angeles times and is the recipient of many awards including the prize for excellence in political reporting. four years ago by a chauvin sister to write this biography, the book is finally being published tomorrow on i april 1, 2021. a reviews called a luminous and exhaustive biography which chronicles the private life of political influence of nancy reagan. the book draws ittag into busily breaking cabinet, friends and family members. ensures how she became one of the most influential first ladies of the century. i invite you to enjoy our virtual program with karen tumulty and join in conversation by reagan foundation institute board of trustees kathy bush. >> good afternoon. i'm so pleased to welcome you today for this very special sneak peek at a much anticipated biography on former first lady nancy reagan. they book, "the triumph of nancy reagan" written by veteran

"washington post" columnist karen tumulty will be officially released tomorrow. in karen has graciously agreed to make the reagan library one of her first stops on the book tour. after devouring the book myself, i think readers will agree it is a well researched, balanced and insightful book into the life of one of the 20th century's most fascinating and consequential figures. in the interest of full disclosure, i thought i would mention i was privileged to work for theug reagan's as a young woman. first in the white house and then in los angeles after the reagans left washington. there i was part of their small staff and their environment post presidential life. ultimately serving as their spokesperson and press secretary. it was an incredible adventure in one of the great gifts ofhe y life. the journey over those six years opened my eyes to the world, to the importance of decency, kindness, character and

leadership. i also saw the private side of the reagans during unguarded moments where i witnessed firsthand their boundless devotion to one another. i was not one of karen's sources for the books i read it with tremendous interest just likeit all of you well. i thought i knew just about all there was to know about nancy reagan in karen's book prove mek wrong. karen spoke to hundreds of individuals over the course of four years of drawing on archives, letters nancy's own memoirs, president reagan's diaries, white house records and much more. karen, welcome to the ronald reagan presidential library in this webinar series that has become so popular especially during this year of difficult separation. i really wish we could have been together at the presidential library overlooking the majestic mountains are purged in front of that colorful section of the berlin wall. that section symbolizes the

freedom over communism that president reagan envisioned. and, as we learn your book that nancy reagan had a diplomatic hand into. instead we are relying on technology today to take us back in time and bring us together to better understand nancy davis reagan. the daughter, the actress, the partner, the mother, first lady, and then caregiver. before we launch into the meat of the book and tackle so many topics, can you share a bit about what inspired you to take this on? how did you go about it and why did you start the book with the soviet union? >> first of all, kathy, thank you so much for having me. i too look forward to women can be sitting out there on that beautiful patio at the reagan library where i spent so many wonderful hours. mostly defrosting from the frigidity of the research room

at the library. i started -- make this book was not my idea. it was simonid & schuster who is specifically my editor on the book, priscilla payton is one of my dearest friends was my editor at "time" magazine. and so she came to me in late summer early fall of 2016 for just a few months after mrs. reagan died on said we would love to have a big biography of her. there is just something about this idea. i member the day of her funeral i was driving around doing errands. i'm listening to it on the c-span radio while i was driving and thinking there are so many layers this very complex woman. there is just something about the project that really struck me as interesting.

especially since -- i came to washington in the 1980s. might knowledge was o pretty muh everybodybo else's. that's an inquisitive socialite or the scheming power behind the throne. in december there attributes of her and watching the last decade of the presidents life life in her life beyond that. newbie begin to get the sense of the real depth of this relationship. eventually a book about a woman and a marriage is going to be a love story. it gets deeper and deeper into the research i realized it was so much more. was a whole new perspective on it reagan's presidency, on his

political rise. and i think ultimately new perspective on history. why do we commit the story that george schultz told me about the soviet union. i wasme really looking for something that would signal to the reader that this was not your typical first lady biography. in-state regular summoning impromptu to the white house in the middle of a blizzard to have a dinner for just the four of them, to couples up in the white house. it sounded like a social invitation. george sold was pretty new in his tenure predominant secretary of state for seven months. he really did not know the reagans all that well. and he had just gotten back from a long trip overseas that included a stop intr china. and as the dinner progresses,

the reagans both of them start peppering him with questions about the chinese leaders and do they have a bottom line? too they have a sense of humor? what makes them tick? and beyond that they start talking about the soviet union. cheap hardliners in the typical national security council meetings. it begins to realize something about ronald reagan. this man has never had a conversation with the big-time communist leader. have one. dying to t and he has really thought about this a lot. he is very confident in his own abilities as a negotiator. then schultz realizes something else. this a dinner invitation nancy reagan had wanted to get him alone with theit president.

begin toe could understand something about her husband. something that really had the potential to change history. he also realizes something else in that moment which is that he, george schultz found an incredibly valuable ally and this a lady who is the only person in this world to whom ronald reagan is truly truly close. and he understands her husband like nobody else does. that seems to me is sort of a perfect opening into a book about her role. here very unique role as first lady. she was somebody who did not set foot in the west wing all that often. butt everybody there knew and se was displeased about something. and people who were not in her favorite tended not to last very

long in the reagan white house. she essentially saw herself as they are to watch her husband's back. he was someone who really did not have much of an appetite or interpersonal conflict. or these battles. and really she had i think a sharper sense of people. as james baker who was chief of staff and then secretary-treasurer he told me she had just incredible radar. hers in fact was better than her husbands. >> fascinating parade there is so much here. i will look to start at the beginning. you took an incredibly deep dive into dancy davis' childhood by the instability of her home life, the larger than life edith who is largely absent during critical years.

her father who had no role in her life and the stepfather, doctor loyal davis who gave her the stability and the love she craved. tell us about the young nancy davis. >> you are right. she was the product of a bad match between a very ambitious actress and a car salesman who wouldd very shortly after her birth go their separate ways. and her mother very shortly after that leaves the little baby named anne francis robbins in the care of relatives. and for the next six years of her life she just yearns for this absent mother. and sent ron told me as other people pointed p out to me sortf cast a shadow on her spirit a sort of insecurity that never

really leaves her. it's one of the o reason she was so complex. she believed that no matter how successful they were there is a trap door in life. in any minute the bottom could all fall out. and certain debts underscore two month after the gets the white house where she almost loses her husband to an assassin's bullet. she was not someone who really shared a lot about herself. her own children did not really know all that much about her childhood. or really the insecurity, the instability, the lingering effects. the scar tissue it really left her with. she would also bristle if someone suggested her mother had actually abandoned her. i didon find if you don't mind i found one speech that she gave

in 1986. at the famous orphanage founded by father flanagan. they were honoring her that day for her drug advocacy. shen says from his children are gone from foster care or broken homes she says something really remarkable in this speech. moment of vulnerability and openness and candor that really struck me. in what she says is, the reason i am here today is not because of the award but because of you. there is a time when i did not quite know where i belong to either. what i wished for more than anything else in the world was a normal family. do you know what happens when you hurt inside? usually start closing your heart to people because that is how you got hurt in theus first pla. you opened your heart. another thing that happens is you stop trusting people.

because somewhere along the way they probably did not live up to your trust. and there's another thing that happens when you have been hurt pretty start to think you are not worth much. you'd think to yourself how can i be worth anything if someone would treat me in this terrible way? so i understand why you feel beaten down. and i think when you look at that and you look at the instability of ronald reagan's childhood as the son of an alcoholic who took the family from one uncertain situation into another you realize what is the basis for this incredible love story, this incredible bond between the reagans? and that is in each other they finally found the security, the validation, and the love the two of them had craved.

and so while this also explains the insecurities of nancy reagan, the complexity of nancy reagan, i think it also explains her fearlessness. she was absently fearless when she detected anything that could possibly jeopardize the happinesss and the wholeness tht she and ronald reagan finally realized in each other. >> that leads perfectly into my next question. we all read and heard so much about how the reagans met. and the evolution of their love story. and as you revealed in the book ronald reagan was not in a great place in his life or his career when they met. your book suggested he was broken inside and that his heart was in a deep freeze he said. but sheg was loving and patient. and as ronnie would later write nancy moved into my heart and replaced an emptiness that i

have been trying to ignore for a very long time. share a little bit about those early years of their courtship and the path of their marriage? and of course the beautiful eloquent love letters that he sent to her over their lifetime together. all of which you saved by the way. tell us more. >> in the fall of 1949 they have a supposedly blind date. now i have found evidence nancy davis, young actress newly arrived on the mgm lot had actually sort of been trying to make their paths crossed long before that. but certainly when she opens the door of her apartment that night there is simply no way that either she o or ronald reagan could have begun to imagine that lay ahead for the two of them. he was an actor whose career was really starting to scrape

bottom. his first wife to his shock andh dismay had gotten bored with him and walked out. her star was on the rise and he really in some ways was carrying a torch for jane wyman. it hadd the scars of his own childhood. and he was quite literally a broken man as ceased to their two coaches on nancy davises dorsett. his thigh bone had been broken and a half dozen places in a charity baseball game for it he spent the months in traction. and he would later say if nancy davis had not come along when she did, i would have lost my soul. but he is not someone who is ready to settle down or even to open his heart.

and because of her incredible radar she senses that she is going to have to wait this guy out. and at one point his mother and nelly tells her that. she says to nancy who she likes a lot better than she ever like jane wyman, she says i can see that you are in love with him. but he is not in love with you yet. you are going to have to wait. you won't know when he loves you but you are going to have to wait and she does patiently, gently. it takes several years for him to come around and finally commit himself. >> i found the early years of the reagan marriage fascinating as well. you talk about issue reference fewer interesting roles, the arrival of children, the bustling home life, ronald reagan begins traveling the country half of general electric speaking to audiences all over americanl. owning his message, his speaking

style, listening to issues that matter to working americans. it all led to the realization that ronald reagan connected in a very real intimate way with people. and then it all took off. campaigns, sacramento, more campaigns in the white house. less about those a busy formative yearsrs that helped prepare them for the white house and of course nancy's role in all this. >> they really are scraping bottom professionally, financially, and at one point reagan agrees to probably what humiliating professional endeavor of his life he becomes the mc of a floor show in las vegas. but shortly after that this new opportunity to go into television as the host of general electric theater comes along. now mind you this something a few years before that ronald

reagan would not have considered why would anybody pay to see somebody in ady theater if they could see him at home for free on television? it was a sign of how desperate they are. in the show takes off. also part of the deal is who travels the country speaking to tens of thousands of general electric employees. doing promotional things for the company. that really is where he discovers his own gift as a politician. the people he has a meeting in the late 1950s are the exact same people who would later become the reagan democrats. but this puts an incredible stress on his life, his home with two small children. whos is dealing with two stepchildren from the earlier marriage. and it is sort off in the course

of that these letters these incredibly passionate letters become so important. some of these letters are hot. >> a please do. >> okay this is what he writes or in 1963. by this point they had been married for over a decade. and he writes or do you know that when you sleep you curl your fists up under your chin and many mornings wonders barely don i life a sinew and looking at you until finally i have to touch you ever so lightly you will not wake up but touch you i must or i will burst. probably this letter will reach only a few hours before i arrive myself. but not really because right now as i try to say what is in my heart my thoughts must be reaching for you without waiting for paper, ink, stamps and such

for if i ache it is because we are apart. and yet that can't be because you are inside in a part of me so we really are not a part at all. yet w i ache i would not be without the ache because that would mean being without you and that i can't be because i love you. anyway there are dozens and dozens and dozens of these incredibly passionate letters. there are telegrams. and she is saving everyone a vent in shopping bag in her closet. ronald reagan in many ways as eloquent as he was as a speaker, on paper i found at least he is even more so. >> there were enough of these beautiful letters to be compiled in a book wasn't there? >> that is right, that is right. and it was just lovely to go through them as wellin the library. some of them are kind off funny.

he is doing these reference to some of the charactersch in hollywood. they are just aptly wonderful. they really do speak to the devotion of the reagan's to each other. and constantly by the way they speak a little bit to the stresses going on at home. he also keeps promising her that as hard as these long separations are on them, this will not last forever. and he at one point writes i wish we could go up to the farm, thou be the ranch he had them, and just put barbed wire around the whole thing and neither of us would ever leave without the other. >> even though the reagan's have been in public life for many years, nothing prepared them for washington life. and that media scrutiny that followed. you spend a lot of time in the book on nancy reagan's relationship with the press for

the ups and downs of her approval ratings and her frustrations about being misunderstood. as you alluded to earlier at the portrait of a shallow socialite drawn by her critics early and her husband's presidency wouldcy be replaced by one of ache calculating the power behind the throne imposing her will on matters of state both foreign and domestic. you concluded at one point that america never quite figured out what to make of her. she really was in a public relations tug-of-war wasn't she? >> yes. and sorted the conundrum to me is how w this woman who was so incredibly shrewd and incredibly sensitive about protecting herab husband's image, she is almost always dead on the mark about his image, become so clueless about her own. she brings a lot of her problems

on herself. it was not a great idea in the middle of the worst recession since the great depression for her to be going out and spending a lot of donated money but nonetheless redecorating the white house. or spending it on thousand dollar place setting china which they announce on they very day that the reagan administration announces they're going to start classifying catch up as a vegetable for school lunch menus. which by the way they v withdre. so you see it takes her a while to understand number one how she is bringing all this upon herself. but also number two, this is a problem she better fix it. at sheet will become a threat to her husband success. but i think itt is also very important. and i tried as many times as i

could to set her against the context of that's our time. she is a probably traditional wife. at least that was the public image for if you would see how shrewd she is on understanding her own power i would say the public image she is not traditional as you might think. this is set against the backdrop in sacramento the turbulence of the 1960s, the 1970s. there is this burgeoning feminist movement. in nancy reagan comes to represent for a lot of these women everything it is they are rebelling against. and i was struck by how in some cases, some of the harshest stuff that was written about her was by other women, younger women who again she was the mid century house like they were

trying to shape. now it's reallyea interesting because the iran-contra chapter in many ways is the heart of the book. nancy reagan runs the rescue effort out of the white house at her husband's presidency is potentially going to be overturned by this scandal. the engineers a shakeup of the white house staff the big into the part of the chief of staff. when she also convinces her husband, her very stubborn husband that he is going to have to admit to the country andy admit to himself that he traded arms for hostages. and as she does this you see this is where the shift is. all the sudden she is applauded by a lot of her feminist

critics. and suddenly the conservative guys this is not the nancy reagan with that we are signing up for per this is edith wilson running the country. either of those things were true. first and foremost she saw herself as a protector of her husband's physical well-being. very close to that was keeping an eye on the people around him. she had a very sharp sense of who was serving the president and who was really in it for himself. it was helping the president and he was promoting agendas perhaps ronald reagan may not have shared a breaker asked one of the defining moments of the reagan presidency and the reagan's life occurred on march 30 , 81 when a deranged

gunman nearly took the life of president henrico him was he was leaving an event at a washington hotel. it is hard to believe but it has been 40 years since that day. prices change everything especially for nancy but nothing could ever happen to my romney she wrote my life would be over. the world did not know what a time how he really came to death. ronald reagan was spared and t e believes semi- there is a higher purpose to his what life. going he be dedicated to that. nancy on the other hand was haunted by the horror of all of it. plagued with fear something like that could happen again. tell us about that moment, how she learned the news and how she had to carry that with her after words? >> in that chapter i really did try to take the rate at some point minute by minute by met minute of what that day was like for her.

the head of her secret service detail hears over the command center over the oval office there has been a shooting. at that point they are told rawhide the president's code name is fine. he has not been hit. but he knows, george oxford that nancy reagan is got to get this news from him. he does not want her to hear any other way. so h he sprints up to the residency does not even wait for the elevator. and he gets there and as soon se says there's been a shooting she starts heading for thedi elevat. she said i have got to get to him. he says he's at the hospital she's going a wait, if he is not hurt why is he at the hospital a sink i don't know maybe is trying to check on the wounded or something. but please, stay here mrs. reagan. we do not know it's going on out there he will be home soon and

he is fine. she does not listen to him. she said i will walk to that hospital if i have too. so at that point they bring a car. by the time she gets there, michael bieber meets them, outside. and informs her that in fact the president has been shot. she goes in and sees her husband lying naked under a sheet with a bunch of doctors around him. she is the daughter of a neurosurgeon. she immediately knows how serious this is. and her husband's normally ruddy cheeks are ashen. he is trying he pulled his mask off honey i forgot to duck and trying to calmer down. it really does for the rest of her life actually she is never

sure whenever he steps outside the white house or steps outside homehe there isn't some other treachery waiting for him. and i think it is really important to understand that. and what that left her with. she did not have the same kind of grounding and religious faith did.the president so when you come to later what is the most sensational controversy oh chapter of that's our time as the first lady she is revealed she has been relying on an astrologer a woman she barely met in person to help determine the president's schedule it does not make sense of it. but you can really understand this is a woman who is desperate. she's grasping on anything she

can find to give yourself some feeling of s control. she becomes a very good friend to the secret service from there on out. there is always in every white house a lot of tension between the secret service and the political people. because the political people always want the president to be out there. and of course he secret service that they have their weight they'd put them in saran wrap and never let anyone near them. but i was told the secret service agents i spoke to said whenever we were concerned about something, all we had to do was go to mrs. reagan and it would get fixed our way. quick shifting gears of it is first lady throughout history had done nancy reagan chose a cause to embrace while she was in the white house. for her it was the antidrug cause. she knew she had a platform as first lady in this issue over time became central to her life. she did the simple phrase it

just say no is not the solution to the drug problems. it was easy for people to remember and it caught on. but the issue it was and she was often filled with doubt she would tackle such a thorny issue. tell us what you learned about the effort, the receptive notes of the people to the country and how she in the end reflected by saying those years provided me with the most fulfilling years of my life.

i think people are going to argue for a long time how effective that really was but i looked at the evidence and there's a project called monitoring the future which is the longest best long-term tracking of young people's attitudes and you do see a change in the 70s, most young people, they show this at young kids and they are thinking it is not a big deal. if you follow the data in the 80s, it shifts back a little

more once nancy reagan is off the scene so i think there is evidence it was effective and hhs secretary under jimmy carter who runs the project at columbia university, i interviewed him and he agrees with me as well he putt nancy reagan on his board. it would do things that caused no small amount of heartburn withinhe the administration, one of the things he does during the end of the presidency and george schultz told me, she gives a speech of the united nations where at that time the reagan administration was trying to crack down on people overseas

supplying drugs to the country and nancy reagan gets up there against the wishes of many in the drug bureaucracy of her own husband's administration of test is only part of it. we are going to crack down on his cocoa field in south america eswill have to look at the investment banker who goes out on his lunch hour and scores little cocaine. the demand side in our country has to be dealt with and schultz told me "afterwards", a lot of people from other countries thanked her for delivering a message some people even in her own husband's administration didn't want to hear part of the blame here is demand and it's not just a law enforcement issue, we do need to change

social attitudes toward drug use. >> you mentioned this when you talk about george schultz but i would love to go back to the cold war before we move on of all the things nancy wanted to see her husband achieve ending theu cold war stood up above all the others. improving u.s. soviet relations became nancy's special cause. ronald reagan despise everything about communism and poised to do business with a new kind of leader and gorbachev you spoke about the role of george schultz but could you touch on how both men, ronald reagan and gorbachev were the right man for the moment and how nancy reagan worked behind the scene to pave the way? >> forcible, i don't think it was any great strategic sense on her part she felt so deep the

about, there were a number of things. she wanted her husband to go down in history as a peacemaker. she also made political sense even if people liked ronald reagan were afraid perhaps he was to close on the trigger which she also understood something many people didn't about ronald reagan which is along with his harsh cold war anti-communist rhetoric that there was a real idealism to ronald reagan, he was a believer in the biblical prophecy of armageddon he was enough of an idealist to envision a world without nuclear weapon it was

something she understood and did at that time and it is a marriage so the two of them would have the argument where they would tone down the rhetoric and was especially disturbed when referring to the soviet union and evil empire. over at dinner one night but she understands with gorbachev he potentially hasal a partner who can work with him on this and she is relentless pushing for this. by the way, the reservations on this hawkish hardliner in her

husband's own administration, weinberger said one of the oral histories i read, she was a lot more willing to trust the soviets and a lot of it was a lot of faith in her husband's ability as a negotiator. >> after he wrote his letter to the american people revealing his diagnosis with alzheimer's, you talk about nancy on the final chapterer of their love story. he right, even her harshest critics would acknowledge grace and determination she would show her devotion was put to its greatest test. the nation t would gain new appreciation of her character. never again would anyone doubt the adoring games she fixed on her ronnie for all those years with anything but genuine. she would become one of the most

admired women in the country. a lot of us watched the way she cared for him is the ultimate expression of their marriage vows and devotion and i remember how fiercely protective she was of him in the final years. share more about the chapter and how difficult it was for her. >> it is the coolest disease you can imagine. both of them -- closing in, he's the only president, living president to complete two terms in office and leave office with high approval rating. lit does look like their golden years are going to be warm and wonderful reminiscing and all of the things they have done together. shortly after he becomes

incapacitated or begins to. at first she's in a bit of denial and doesn't realize is going down a long road she's not going to be able to follow him on but ultimately she comes to accept it in his physical care taker, the care taker of aching dignity, she becomes concerned because she's had breast cancer, covery concerned about finances because she's afraid he's going to outlive her and wants to make absolutely sure the resources are there to be taken care of and his dignity maintained in the way it must be but what is also interesting and why the library becomes so important she

becomes the caretaker of his legacy. other presidents survived decades after they are out of office. they have a chance to begin to write for themselves what history will think of them ronald reaganin is denied that o it really becomes nancy reagan's job to be sure what history sees of him is true to him, true to his value envision so the library becomes extremely important to her in doing that. she wants to make sure it has the t resources it needs. she also finds to make sure history remembers ronald reagan in a way that is true to ronald

reagan. suspicious of all the reagan wannabes, co-opt him and use his name for their own agenda. she does something i found fascinating which is on the one hand among conservatives ronald reagan because this icon not only in ways that make her comfortable, she resists when they want to knock fdr off and put ronald reagan on but she also knows there is this perception of him among liberal scholars and historians and opponents, he was just an actor reading lines other people wrote for him. she decides the truest record is

to put out there is talk in values and beliefs in his own handwriting. you see her decide to publish his diaries, something very few presidents had ever done, keeping real-time diaries so people can see in his own hand what he was thinking of crucial junctures. she's published his letters. at one time all of the speeches he was writing getting ready to run for president, you can see in ronald reagan's own hand these were his thoughts and values and very true to him and this library is not just -- she didn't want it to be a monument

just in the past, she wanted it to show the future which is why you seeee it site for so many important events. george w. bush comes to layout his vision on foreign-policy. i can't see how many presidential debates have been held off the library and the programs it still puts on even with this frustrating, this epidemic going on. it is alive, a living institution. >> thankk you for saying that. >> patty and ron spoke eloquently at nancy's funeral in 2016. i hope you indulge me for a moment if i read some of their words that were so poignant and

then i will invite you to add to that. >> might parents were two halves of the circle, close tight around the world in which their lovehe for each other was the oy sustenance they needed. they might venture out and includehe others in their orbit, no one truly crossed the boundary into the space they held as there's. >> then ron followed with this. >> if my mother had one great talent, she knew how to love and she loved one man over the world. watch the sunls drop over the hills in the west towards the sea and night falls and they would look across the valley and my father would say the lights below are her juul's. the stars endlessly turn overhead and they will stay as they always wished to be resting in each other's arms, only each other's arms until the end of

time. >> out of the cute could be said any better but if there are final words would like to leave with us today about nancy davis reagan, her legacy, her love for her husband and her life, please do.ra >> bi would encourage people to readat the book and comes with e way i did when i was researching it when i was writing it which is to set aside what you think you know about and francis robbins, later nancy davis and later nancy reagan. hers is a conflict it is often painful story but i think ronald reagan chose well and his partner for life and i think the country owes him a debt for that. >> what you say about someone

who gives your life meaning? what you say about someone who's always there with support and understanding? someonece who makes sacrifices o your life will be easier and more successful? what you say is you love that person and treasure her. [applause] i simply can't imagine the last eight years without nancy. presidency would not have been the joy it's been for me without her there beside me in the second floor living quarters the white house would have seemed a lonely spot without her waiting for me every day at the end of the day. she once said president has all

kinds of advisors and experts who look after his interests when it comes to foreign policy or a the economy or whatever but no one who looks after needs as a human being when nancy is on that through recuperation's. [applause] it's all too common in marriages if partners love each other, they don't think each other enough and i suppose i don't think nancy enough for all she does for me. in front of your friends here today, let me say thank you for all you do, thank you for your love and thank you for just being you.

[applause] >> the book is the triumph of nancy reagan out tomorrow, on sale everywhere from author karen and simon & schuster. thank you for joining us today. ♪♪ the last republicans and incomparable grace. silent spring revolution so alander interval, the trade on generation. undocumented motherhood jeremy in his book civil war by other

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