announcer: out of los angeles, in the next hour, we will largestorange counties city. coming up, find out how the ku klux klan became influential in anaheim during the 1920's. using a lot of public sentiment. they are using the newspaper and some political clout. they seem to be pretty open. later, here about the political history of orange county. where old republicans go to., and for the most part, that is true. anouncer: we begin with investigation into the citrus industries in and around anaheim. [bell rings]

>> i think it is hard to measure the economic focus of having disneyland coming of age in a parallel track. disneyland "has had a lot of growth in a few years, and that has changed the focus and tourism. i think it is something like annually $10 billion generated due to tourism. >> to all who come to this happy place, disney land is your land. here we relive fond memories of the past, and it is the challenge and the promise of the future. no, anaheim did not start

when disneyland opened. we had a long community, and active, vibrant community long before then. southern california was known as the valencia orange center. southern california up to about the 1940's, early 1950's was the center of the citrus business nationally. anaheim supported nine packing houses, such as we have in the background here. these packing houses employed to the community. they facilitated the growth of anaheim, facilitated the growth of the industry. these were well loved, but by the 1950's, most of them had closed down. a malady that we just simply "qd"d quick declined or

started to hit the southern california citrus industry just about post-world war ii. at the height of quick declined, we were losing 250,000 people orange trees per month. this was devastating to this industry. now, other things were happening at this time that really reset to otherance of citrus economies here in southern california. not only were we losing a key industry we had like moving into southern california, anaheim specifically. this was all, incidentally, prior to 1953. we had about a dozen fairly significant like industries in orange county, the anaheim area, prior to an animator from hollywood who came looking for a location to build a theme park.

we did not even know what a theme park was then. these ranchers who were now maybe third generation, the loss of their crop, the added value of their land for development, there was no more free water. it used to be you could just drilled a well and pump whatever you wanted. that was now managed by the orange county water district, so tax, and also, the value of the land was changed by the way they taxed it. you were not taxed by the value of the land for agriculture. value ofxed by the what it could be, what it could become. it was not a hard push to get all of these citrus owners to pay a thousand dollars or $2000 an acre to give up the land they had held in their families for generations. i think some of the people coming into anaheim today might moan the loss of these is culture.

there was no moaning of the loss of the citrus culture by these citrus owners in the 1950's and 60's. they were more than happy to sell their property for development. that goes counter to, i think, our warm, fuzzy dealing of what this industry was, but that, indeed, was their reality. >> disneyland is dedicated to the ideals that have created america, with the hope that it will be a source of joy and inspiration for all the world. castle the fantasyland in the name of the children of the world. ♪ the >> first and foremost, walt

was a father, so he wanted to create a place that was safe and clean, a place he would have wanted to bring his own daughters to, and disneyland was a place that was innovative and having fantastic ways of bringing stories to life for families of all ages, so that is really why he wanted to create disneyland, and the reason he chose anaheim is actually a pretty interesting story. he originally wanted to lb park in burbank, near where we have our studios and we create our films, but there was not enough land there, and so walt disney went to a man who worked for the stanford research institute and asked him to take a look at where in california he could build this land, and later, he asked to do the same work in orlando, when they chose the location of walt disney world, and looking at what was

happening with transportation systems in southern california. he saw that anaheim was a place that had a great location not only for the re-ways that were going to be built but also a local airport, so he pitched the anaheim,alt to come to so pretty soon, they purchased 160 acres of orange and want it grows, and when it opened in 1955, it was actually about 14,500 people who lived in hannah point. now, today, it is california's 10th largest city, and so we were really excited and grateful that the city leaders chose to support walt's vision for the location of the original park, because here we are, very, very proud to be part of the anaheim community. walte history books say, had invited a small number of people to come and experience

the park on the very first day, and 70 actually reprinted dixon -- and somebody actually reprinted tickets. it was a hot, summer day, and we literally had finished the park the day before, so it was difficult for women who wor3ee in.s to walk it was a very hot day, so not ideal, but even under those circles as is, people knew that this was someplace special. -- he even under those circumstances, people knew that this was someplace special. quest i think you can pretty much draw a line through knott's farm, a transition from being a hotbed to tourism.

it was slow and steady, and what was unique about their growth is that they embraced part of agriculture. it gave it automatically deep roots in the community. the were actually using pack as sort of a springboard in the future. knott and his wife cordelia, it was a working farm. they grew all sorts of things. walter was sort of a bery aficionado, and he heard about this that was created by somebody by the name of rudolph the mixand they created boysenberry,s, the and they brought this species back to life.

cordelia had a little tea room, in,h she would make pies and he began to call it the boysenberry room, so people came boysen's piess. chicken, so walt has this idea that they have to entertain these people, so they bring in areas curiosities, animals, rights, just to occupy people who were waiting for food, and those rides and amusements eventually grow into a theme park of sorts, but it was almost like accidental growth. a did not plan on that kind of park, but it was just to satisfy people who were coming here to each. orange county began being

developed in earnest, we had a lot of technology moving down here. aerospace companies. ryen places like knott's ber increase uptick in business because it was easier to get here. a couple of blocks away on the 91. so, yes, the development of freeways and the automobile culture definitely help to the park. not that people were not coming here already, but it was easier. all of a sudden, from los angeles, you could be here in 40 minutes, and it was not just side roads and backwards. mary: as i mentioned earlier, it started out there were only when this opened, and the economic boost of having tourism coming to

anaheim, it enabled them to do things, so we are very fortunate that we have the foresight to support not only the original buteyland dream that he had we expanded and have had great partners in supporting that expansion. tourist -- >> every tourist is my best friend. truth being told, the anaheim tourism industry is probably not high on their interest list. theably disneyland or ducks, or maybe they are going to take it and angels game, and if we cannot keep them in town, they might go to huntington beach to watch these surfers and the girls playing volleyball, if we can provide something of interest to the tourist and get them to stay in anaheim, i am very, very pleased.

[captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, announcer: all weekend long, we are joining our cable partners to showcase the history of anaheim, california. to learn more about the cities on our current tour, go to c-span.org/citiestour. and we continue now with a look at the history of anaheim. host: we are now on a one-acre park, known as founders park, and it was to incorporate the colony houses as well as a historic house, and basically, each home represents a different era in the agricultural history. the colony house is from our winemaking route, so this is

represented by the colony house, and this was built in 1896, and this is firmly into the air up where we are actually growing primarily, predominantly, a bunch of oranges, so this was primarily a cattle range prior anaheim beingke thought of. it is not big, but it is growing, and winemaking has become a big business, and john and his business were not able with thely keep up demand despite their own vineyard and stores, so they became interested in the thought of what if we start a winemaking colony who can actually grow the grapes, make the wine, and we will distribute it for them, so

they actually go up to san francisco, where they are and people, nobody was a farmer, and only one person had any background in winemaking to give up their businesses and come to anaheim, and make an investment, because it was a major investment, actually. so their first action after they formed what was known as the los angeles vineyard society, because it was part of los angeles county at that time. sen to bed george han their superintendent. he found this location, 155 acres of what was an original his job wasrty, and to bring irrigation here, lay plante town site, and

hundreds of thousands of grapevines before the families would even actually come down here, and this was the house built fore hansen him, himself, to live in, and it is the oldest wooden structure the county. now we are in the carriage house which is a building located behind the house, and it houses agricultural exhibit for anaheim, and right behind me are a number of artifacts from our viticulture period, so until about 1885. now, we have probably be largest piece right behind me, which is a wine press, and this winepress was used in the only really commercial winery that we had in town. dreyfuss, by benjamin who was the only person who really had any kind of background in winemaking.

most of the families that moved here had not even been farmers, so it is really kind of a miracle if you think about it that they were able to succeed, but by 1884, which was just we werehe light hits, actually making over one million gallons of wine, and that is the actual wine that was sent to market. they would have some local why they would use in their hotels, wine theyme local would use in their hotels. nobody produce more wine than we did. the majority of the winemakers though were family, and so if you look at some pictures that we have, you will see family members sitting down with their barrels of wine and putting them in the bottles and putting on labels andnd the getting it ready for wind, so this is where the whole community would get together and actually get done, because this

is what their economy was based on, so you either had a good year or a bad here, and it really depended on your neighbor. this is from 1869, and it shows how they marketed about 12 wine under the common name of anaheim california wines, and this was in 1869 which actually shows they were having to compete and theeuropean wines, winds in here, for example, what they call the anaheim santa anna, the anaheim sparkling angelica. my favorite one is the anaheim eureka champagne. polite,e struck by a and they started noticing there was a problem with the grapevines. ,- they were struck by a blight

and the vineyards were actually totally decimated, so destroyed. said89, the anaheim people ok. our wine industry is pretty much gone. grapes, butort there is an added expense, and you do not make the same amount the majority said, well, we could give up, but they did not what to do that. and they tried a number of different products before they settled on the next big product, which was the village of orange. show -- valencia orange. and there was the chili pepper. walnuts were also. demised learn from the of the great industry that they really needed to make sure they did not put all of their -- from ehe demise of the great -- grap

industry that they really needed to make sure they did not put all of their eggs in one basket, so always some ring additional, -- so always something apricots,, walnuts, etc. this was not a proven kind of venture. they hit the bump in the road where the grapes are dead, and people maybe would have packed up and gone to san francisco, so i think you see the same kind of theme going through, where they are willing to try some new. an ounce of: all weekend, american history tv is featuring anaheim, california, located about 30 miles south of los angeles.

showcasing the city history. learn more about anaheim all weekend here on american history tv. president reagan: when people need a little sunshine in their lives and a feel for what is the soul of this beautiful country, then i can assure them they can find it in orange county. announcer: orange county, ronald reagan once said, is where all good republicans go to dock, and for the most part, it is true. >> i think it is the largest republican county in the united states. >> orange county has traditionally prided itself in being a conservative, urban area in a state where virtually all of the other areas are very liberal. >> it changed a lot today.

it had this reputation as a real kind of staunch, or every you went -- it is still that to a large degree, but not like it was 20 years ago. >> between los angeles and san diego, we have a little over 3 million people, and the southern part of the county is the most ethnically diverse. the southern part of the county is the most white and of fluid, and the northern part of the county is a mixture. affluent.nd there are more pockets of blue-collar. >> orange county, really starting in the 1920's and 1930's, the county was founded in 1898, and, you know, by the 20's and 30's, it was a pretty strong conservative movement, and that was the reputation throughout the 20th century.

with good reason. >> there was a very strong conservative and evangelical , and there is a national group that now has their main headquarters in washington, d.c., and has been there he outspoken against gay in terms of also rights established for lgbt peoples. this got started in anaheim. ofre is the tradition religious political activism. >> i think the people of orange , this idea that less government is better, which means more freedom. especially the smaller the government, the larger the person, so people are very concerned about their freedoms and that isunty,

important, so i think that goes towards the conservative side. conservativese reached their height during the reagan era. a fever pitch, where this orange curtain concept was the highest. and they were like off the chart, -- >> this word could spot comes to mind. huttzpuh. save thed the drive to b-1 bomber. that is have you got that name. he was a catholic, and he was issuesrong on social

mostly in terms of being pro-life and attitudes on lgbt issues. >> 2000 wild, party homosexuals, some of them almost naked, in operatediful taxpayer auditorium, directly across the street from the actual star-spangled banner, the 30 by 40 foot american flag that was in baltimore, on the north wall of the national museum of american history, and directly across the street is this homosexual jubilee. unbelievable. >> the largest population outside of vietnam in the world, vb at the knees. they are thriving. they are becoming political leaders. >> a loss to loretta sanchez,

does that nearer what is going on? it was a big landmark. the demographics were changing to become increasingly latino. you had a latino character -- candidate, very charismatic, and the immigration issue was shifting right then. proposition 187 was approved by voters in 1984. this came from orange county, and this was very important. it attempted to take all social from peopleits away in the country without proper documentation. that included excluding them from going to school. that was challenged in court, ruled unconstitutional, and ingredientwas a key in latinos turning against

republicans in even greater numbers. were looseninggs up in the 1990's. i think the presidency has something to do with it. becomingunty began more culturally diverse, and that made a big difference. , whichta ana community embraces a lot of history, also help to take things away from what orange county used to be two more culturally diverse. become politically diverse, as well. >> in orange county, mostly liberal, mostly democrats. my republican friends that they could get more support if they zipped it on some issues. the mexicans and their children, they are natural conservative, more libertarian than anything. they do not like taxes and want alone, but the minute they he republican politicians

about mexicans destroying this country, these people say, ok, screw the republican party. justgoing to vote democrat to spite you. but they will vote democrat out of spite. >> it is fascinating to watch the democrats, everything going their way in terms of voter registration, but they have not been able to capitalize. at some point, things have to change. even republican policies need to -- ore >> republicans, you look at the board of supervisors, they are all republicans. our congresspeople, we only have one democrat. our state assembly members, only one democrat. that is not real progress. >> republicans have lost about 10 points in voter registration since 2000, but they hold as

many partisan seats now as they did then. becausein large part they have a better network. they have a better system for bringing up candidates, and they have -- they are more experienced in getting their people elected, and that continues to prevail, for the time being. >> orange county, there is just you oh much money. there are some pockets again. those pockets will just grow. newport beach and south county were all of the rich folks are, that is not going to happen. again, if you have the bubbling democratic party, you are not going to have that. if they are going to grow, you have to have visionary leadership, but definitely not with the leadership right now. >> i think it will continue to

be more diverse. it will continue to be more balanced. and just by the influx of immigrants, you get more diversity. announcer: all weekend, american history tv is featuring anaheim, california, home to many german immigrants and known for its wine production before citrus became popular. sitesently visited many showcasing the city history. learn more about anaheim all weekend here on american history tv. >> one of the reasons why so many people are interested in this kind of collection is because it is something that many americans can relate to. when someone hears about this collection, they admittedly think my grandfather fought in

world war ii. maybe we have some letters. that is a shared experience for so many american families, so it just immediately captures the interest, and it makes people feel like it is something they can relate to and that they want to participate in. >> and around 2012, we were approached by a journalist who in 1999ted a project through a letter to ann landers, lamented the loss of some family letters, and he thought it was important that the materials were preserved, so he wrote a letter to you ann landers, and the response was just amazing. he started receiving all of this material, and he was able to edit down some of the letters. he produced a couple of books, and he has continued over the years to receive letters from people.

the material had reached a critical mass, and he was looking for a home for it. and essentially, it is an archive. there is the center itself in these archives, and the center is really they're just to build the archives, and the archives consist of about 90,000 veteran letters from the american wars. the women, men who fought, from the american revolution all of the way up to afghanistan, and the size of the letters, the bulk of the collection, we also have artifacts, uniform pieces, medals, service documents, things like that. the bulk of the collection, there is no doubt about that, but we are also well represented, surprisingly, with the first world war, which we do not talk much about in the united states, but we have a

good amount of material, and that the next war that is best represented would be the civil war. so when we received a life of the letters, they would come to us in the mail, so you can see mailers, boxes, envelopes. hopefully, they have come with some kind of cover letter, where the donor describes the contents , the familyetters members, with conflict they are from, how they received them, so once we receive the letters, we process them. we take them out of the package that they came in. we organize them chronologically, and then we sort them into folders and boxes so that they are all organized according to the conflict, and ,hen a according to the author

and sometimes we receive letters that are written to a specific person, not necessarily from a person, and then we sort them all and label them into folders. it is very easy for a researcher to find specific collections that they are looking for. if they are focused on a certain time. keeper, then we can point them easily in that direction. i selected these few examples. the first one i selected was a civil war letter written on march 9, 1862. this is for the cassie bergin civil war collection. although she was not the author, she was the recipient, so she with severalding different people fighting in the civil war, and these were all of the letters she received from

friends, so i will just read a short selection. of this letter. it is written by her friend samuel windsor from cap andrew in nashville, tennessee, in 1862, and he had just set up cap for the night and is just kind of relaxing. so he isme free time, taking a few minutes to write to her, and he says, i was just listening to the sweet sounds of the regimental band. oh, how delightful it sounded. i could have sat all night in the silvery rays of the moon. so you can see they really took their time to use flowery language, to really paint a nice image, so even though that was written in wartime, he is having this kind of moment of peace at -- campnjoying the cap that he is in.

and there is another one that was situated to the lonesome hubby, because we do not know who the author is. he signed it lonesome hubby, and it was written in 1918, and the entire letter is going on about how much he misses his wife and how lonely he is. darling baby. i feel all full blue and lonesome tonight. on about howoes low his spirits are, and then later on, he says i am going to bed real soon and dream of my baby, because it is to be the only thing i can do. it is agonizing not to know how you are, but by the time i get that to paris, it will be over. seven weeks since i have left you, and during that time, i have received only two letters from you. so he is really, really homesick , and time has passed really

slowly for him. another letter i like from another homesick husband is actually an illustration. it is called the story told in 20 minutes, so he is missing his wife. 1960 twowritten in during the korean war, and it is just an illustration of what happens in the bedroom at home and how he is longing for his bedroom and is anxious to get that to her. and this is a letter written by christian who was in the iraq war. it was written in 2006. he is writing home to some and there the family, are several names he is addressing the letter too, so they are children, so they wrote questions, and he is replying to them answering questions. was, dof the questions you ride around in a plane?

his answer is, no, i normally ride around in a highly purposed hummer,,also known as a but they do not home. they actually rattle and make a lot of noise. what is great about these letters is it just illustrates the experience of being everyday soldier, whether they were a -- the experience of the everyday soldier. they all have their own personal experience. part of not have been the most heroic battle of the war, but they all can to beat it, and they are all individual people, and reading the letters brings that to life. >> anything that talks to our history as a nation is important, but what is particularly important about collections of letters is that

the individuals. you know, we can talk about the constitution or the records of the governments and presidents, but these are things that are being produced by individuals, by you and i, who are either voluntarily or coerced into and getting shot at, and they have all of those concerns, but they also have concerns about getting their bills played and their loved one and whether the dog was fed and how the family is doing, and at that importantis amazingly about what people thought from 1933 and what was important to them. and was religion important to them? was the government important question mark was the nation important? nationey thought of the and what their concept was of being an american, and as the

country gets older, i think that is more important. what does it mean to be an american? announcer: all weekend, american history tv is featuring anaheim, california. the city's name stems from the santa ana river and the german name for home, "heim." severaltly visited sites. learn more about anaheim all weekend here on american history tv. >> we are at the anaheim heritage center which is a facility. we are the local history collection for the public library established back in 1967. we are going to talk about anaheim in the 1920's. one specific period of time when anaheim became known as

klanaheim because of its connection to the ku klux klan and some of the activities that occurred. aaheim in the 1920's was small community, primarily the community based on agriculture beinghe valencia orange our primary crop. we are post-world war i, so there had been a very nationalistic kind of patriotic response to the end of the war it, the fact that we had won but there are certain kinds of undercurrent, shall we say, in not just anaheim but in the communities in california as well as other areas of the united states, and these include things like we have anti-immigration issues that have come up. basically, people are saying that we are doing our jobs. that is common.

another thing that has also come to light if you think about it, as aim was created winemaking colony back in 1857, and also, we are no longer a winemaking colony. we have associated businesses. also a fewrewery and wineries, but there are hotels and restaurants. anaheim is a wet town. it is the place to, if you want to be served alcohol, but this is the time working up to the prohibition, and one of the klan picks up on is that there is the old-timers who are not looking forward to prohibition and prohibition supporters here in anaheim, so they actually piggybacked on to

the publisher of one of our two orangeewspapers, the county plain dealer, which is very supportive of prohibition and which is basically blaming the city council at the time of dragging their feet and that they are not really supporting that, and basically forces the city council into passing an ordinance a year before prohibition goes into effect nationwide to basically trying out anaheim. now, it seems that very quickly happened that anaheim becomes known as the stronghold for the klan. one of the ways you can see that is this wonderful panoramic view that we have in our collection that was taken probably in the an activityof the kl in orange county. it is not taken in anaheim. it was actually taken at huntington beach.

are not me is that they hiding their faces. they are all exposed. you will see in the front of the and there aren, actually a number of young children who are dressed in the regalia, as well. it is a significant number of people in this group, so it does lend support that it was a large group. probably not in the thousands as was sometimes claimed by the kla n but certainly more than a couple hundred people, i would think. to counter the activity, there was the publisher of our other daily paper, the anaheim bulletin. publishing obviously editorials. they are promoting their own candidates for office. they are trying to calm you know, the other side of the coin where we are following the letter of the law. we support prohibition. and he is basically saying that

they are expressing plans, a smokescreen to mislead voters, so they are basically using, again, the anaheim bulletin as ther boys to counter what -- as their voice to counter that they are really not the type of anaheim that you want to be, basically. one of the lists of numbers that we have in this collection was purchased for about $200, but what is interesting is it does who is on their membership rolls. he does not publish it in total, but he does start, including all a lot of the names in articles

and editorials, and among them are four recently elected city and one wasers, actually the mayor, and so they used that as a basis to actually generate enough local support to start a recall election of those four people on the city council. through the plain actually turns around and tries to do a recall election, and they succeed and get enough signatures to recall the non-kl the lists, and using they say this is your list, we are not making it up, and when it is published by the bulletin, it is basically this advertisement that we want you to vote yes on the recall of supported klan members and vote no on the ones

who are not, and then very publicly people that are supporting this have allowed them to publish their names in the papers so that other people who are reading this can see, the doctor isnow, supporting this. he is my doctor. i trust him. there must be something to this, so i think that the fact that he was allowed to actually publish the names of the supporters of the recall really made a difference, because the recall election was held in the spring of 1925 and was successful, and they totally -- because at the same time, they had non-klan members up for support, and it was a sweet. godfrey was allowed to keep his were and four people removed or other people added to

the council. i think it is really important that you take knowledge be bad incidents in your history, especially when you look at how easy and how adept to pull the klan was to the existing issues happening in town and used those to become barry strong, you know, in our city government, so we do not want that to happen again. i mean, the whole point in history and examining history is to learn from it. announcer: anaheim is home to disneyland. the park opened in 1955 and welcomed one million visitors after only seven weeks. partnerswarner cable work with the staff when we traveled to anaheim to explore the city's rich history.

learn more about anaheim all we here on american history tv. -- all weekend here on american history tv. >> when this started in 2005, i really envisioned it as sort of , and itesearch library was not something i had really anticipated that began, and that was the holocaust survivors whom we had come to know and built relationships with, they began memorabilia, objects that had great meaning to them in their lives, and that they to not only to take care of but to share with our students. the path now, as i discovered, is to find ways for those

objects to speak to visitors, so bringing these objects that i in no way really expected to have two life is really the challenge we have now, because behind every object is a story of a person. one of the people we have been so privileged to have be part of our university life for the past mans is an extraordinary named owen's. in what was then prussia, now part of poland. parentsis brother and were in in the nazi era berlin. he was actually in berlin in 1938. he and his parents, his brother had already gotten to england.

he and his parents were actually among the very fortunate people visaere able to secure a to come to the united states, so it seems like at the time their life was heading in a very , and he direction recounts how he and his parents got to rotterdam. they were so excited. the next morning, they were going to go on a ship and go to the united states. what they could never have anticipated. here they were feeling that sense of freedom as they were in the netherlands. was the verying day in which the germans invaded holland. they tried various ways of getting out and did not succeed ultimately. he and his parents separated and went into hiding. he was a teenager at that point. he was very energetic.

he felt very strongly he had to do something. he could not live with this hidden identity, pretend to be someone else, and not do something to help other people, -- there areething not enough stories of jews who became members of the resistance. those stories are not as well-known as many others are, so he actually asked the people who helped rescue him and his parents if he could join them. they accepted him, which also put their own lives in danger, had he ever been caught. he was traveling with a false aentity card, and he became rescuer. he helped to hide over 100 jewish children who are placed in farms throughout the netherlands. he brought them coupons, then, youards, and

know, in a really amazing moment, he was bicycling and looked up and saw a plane that was exploding, some parishes once again, hed raised to do something, and then he looked around and found two american pilots. he knew some english, and he went up and said, i am a friend, and hee, which they did, played a really extraordinary role in bringing these pilots to the farm where he was hidden and eventually help to smuggle them and his courage and his byenuity were recognized then general eisenhower who, of course, commanded the forces coming into normandy, and he has

a letter that we are proud to have in this library that recognizes his extraordinary in saving the lives of these two american pilots with whom he has, in fact, stayed in contact with them and their families. along with the forged id cards with photographs on them, certainly one of the most valuable historically speaking aspects of his collection is the to carry that he used those forged ration coupons and id cards that when -- that then went to farmers so they could buy food for the children they were hiding, and this briefcase that he had, if you did not know better, you would look at it and think it was kind of a beaten up leather suitcase, big deal, but

to him, it almost took on a kind of a personality, almost a companion to him in what he was doing, and i know that because we were taping him once for a werect our students working on, and he did not know we were going to bring the briefcase into the taping. and it was asin, if a person walked in. he responded with this look of surprise, and he literally just kind of package the briefcase -- patted the briefcase, and he said, "my old friend." so this speaks to the power of objects and the power that objects can have when they combine with torre. after the war is when he makes his way to the united states. acting, andudying

he becomes a very well known , with a character actor kind of ironic twist. an ironic twist for the boy in hiding to become the rescuer just as it is an ironic twist for someone who is just trying to survive and be known under another name to become so good at different identities that he becomes an actor and then often is given the role of the nazi or and ended up, in fact, portraying a guard in the original broadway production of 17." log -- "stalag he is important to us. history is all about story.

for people who do not like history, they have not gotten to the fact that history is story. that is a program we do now in its 17th year to invite students and their teachers to listen to survivor testimonies. tohave been very fortunate collaborate with a foundation institute and a remarkable number of holocaust testimonies. stephen spielberg made this possible after "schindler's list . while >> a lot of people with the uniforms. are askinghat we students to do is to move out of their own experiences and find the connector in their lives and their interests that connect

them to the story they have heard. do not just talk about all of the dates. do not try to explain the whole persons history. find that one memory that really resonates with you, and it is now yours. listening andugh watching and creative activity that it is now part of your life, and express that in prose, poetry, in art, and so on, and as you see here, you just look down the row of these tables, and you see this extraordinary andrsity of creativeness the form of responding. the history, the story of every person during the also ist was unique, so the expression of these young people in response to those

stories. an: our cities towards staff recently traveled to anaheim, california, to learn about it rich history. learn more about anaheim and other stops on our tour at tour.n.org/cities you are watching american history announcer: each week, american and history tv's american artifacts takes you to museums and historic places. coming up next, we visit whitney i plantation in wallace, you are louisiana, to learn about the history of slavery in america. ashley: my name is ashley rogers. i am the director of m