i speak about the letter that was referred to by the universally respected chair of the committee, the gentleman who i home -- whom i hold in highest aim. saying he may make further referrals and keep this inquiry going on indefinitely. that's not a process, mr. speaker, it is a blank check. out of deference to others that want to speak, i will conclude that only the third impeachment inquiry in u.s. travesty and disgrace to this institution. i think that says it all.

>> at the end of the day, 31 democrats joined all of the republicans in the vote to begin the impeachment inquiry into president clinton. >> the c-span cities tour is exploring the american story, as we take book tv and american history tv on the road, with support from our spectrum cable partners. this weekend we traveled to laramie, wyoming. coming up in the next hour and 10 minutes, we'll experience the history of this western city with a population of about 32,000. in about 10 minutes, we'll learn about senator allen simpson through his papers at the american heritage center. after that, a tour of the wyoming territorial prison, where outlaws of the wild west were held, including butch cassidy. and later, we visit the deerwood ranch wild horse

ecosanctuary to hear about its relationship with the bureau of land management. we begin our special feature with a visit to a mansion to hear about the early days of the city. >> we're in the mansion that edward i'venson built in 1892, and it is now the home of a museum. it's been restored, because for about 10 years it was vacant, and people broke in, vandalized the building, and it's been a very long and fruitful effort to make it into this wonderful museum that we have here that highlights not only the ivinson family, but historical issues from the past in laramie, yoming, as well. st. d ivan son was born on croix eye lafpblet eventually he wound up in new york city

about 1852. while he was there, he met a young woman, he's 23, she was 16. they ran away to jersey city, new jersey, to get married, and eventually they, like a lot of young folks, moved west to make their fame and fortune, and eventually wound up in laramie, wyoming, in 1868, so the family had been living in memphis, tennessee. he decided to move the family to california. and the way he got -- the way he thought he would get to california is he had a dry goods store in memphis. he sold all the stuff, got freight cars and put his stuff in these freight cars, and the union pacific was built across the great plains, and he followed along and had a rolling dry goods store. the railroad stopped construction for the winter in november of 1867. edward learns through some source that the union pacific railroad is building this part of the transcontinental railroad is going to have a facility of what would become laramie, wyoming, because there was nothing here at the time. he came over here before the

railroad in february of 1868, built a log building in what is downtown laramie, started selling things to people awaiting the arrival of the railroad. the railroad arrived in may, along with his wife and his adopted daughter, and after, as i said earlier, they ran the dry goods store for three years, and then he starts his banking career. eventually -- well, let me say this as well. i vi nson was an astute merchant. he made a lot of money. early on he was criticize for the way he made his money, really high interest rates out of the bank, foreclosed mortgages at the drop of a hat. but the good news for laramie is, when he turned 80 years old, he decided to give all of his money away. almost all tv came right back he gave ur toufpblet $50,000 cash and four city lots to the county, which paid for the complete construction of our first real hospital.

1919, he gave bunch of property to the church, which helped fund an orphanage. 1924, he built our world war i memorial. 1925, he gave away, in today's terms, $is.5 million to friends, family members, and former employees. he structured his will that upon his death the remainder of his estate would go into a trust fund, which would be used to build a fabulous building for this home for ladies, which is still in use today. and when he died, it was about $500,000 in his estate, so, you know, $8 million to $10 million today, and built a beautiful facility, 28 suites for singe ladies, and because of his trust fund, there was no charge for room or board, and because he built the hospital, the ladies got free medical care. it's still there. it's still gorgeous. things have changed a little bit, but it's a wonderful facility. despite being criticized early

for his ostentashese lifestyle, you might say, it all came back to us here, and we're still experiencing the benefits from edward ivinson's life as a merchant and banker. we're very proud of the fact that he decided, at age 80, to do what was right for his community. if it wasn't for the union pacific railroad, laramie probably wouldn't be here. the transcontinental railway act gave all this land in the west to the union pacific, including the one square mile where we are right now. so the first thing is we obviously opened the front door, and we have a little thing that i like to do. we have the door knob to the original front door, which is a really heavy brass, beautiful door knob t. came to us in a box in the mail, what, maybe five years ago, with a note from a guy who said i was a student at the university of wyoming, and i stole the door knob from the mansion. so that's a really good ice breaker for the people who come into the vestibule. and then i take them

immediately into the foyer. and then, really, our first important stop is into jane ivinson's drawing room, where the intention was that she'd do formal entertainment for her lady friends. and then i go into the smoking room, and i draw the contrast between the very nice, bright light drawing room, and the darker, more somber smoking room. and the dining room is really nice, because in the dining room, we have some really nice artifacts that belong to the ivinsons. so, for example, right now, we have oyster plates they had made on one of the two long trips they made to europe. we have this beautiful stemware. we have a punch bowl that was given to their son-in-law, who ran his bank for a while in san diego. and then we changed from the formal rooms of this first floor of the mansion into the working part of the mansion. it's easy to draw the contrast. we have all this beautiful

hardwood in these formal rooms, and in there, we have pine and we have linoleum on the floor. then we go upstairs into the bedrooms, which are quite large. not unusual for a house of this sizes in the 1890's. and then into the master bathroom, where we have this really cool 1892 shower that ost her $334 in 1892, so maybe $8,000 today, and it's really cool, so that's really interesting. it's a walk-in shower. it's built out of brass that's nickel-plated, and it's got a shower head up above. it's got a shower head on either side. and then it's got all these little tubes t. looks like a cage when you look at it, but all the tubes have little tiny holes in them, so you don't even have to turn around to take a shower. i had a person come through the museum the other day and they said, oh, it's like going into a car wash. well, we are in now what we

call the library. we're pretty sthure the book cases in here were put in by the boarding school because the girls would use this as a kind of study hall. even though they did not take classes here, they went to public school. and then i like to point out that we have just one piece of furniture in the house that belonged to edward ivinson, and it is this boardroom table out of one of the banks he owned in town. there are several examples of what we learn from visitors when they come through the mansion, because we get some really amazing people that come through that talk about the elegant wood work in the house. there's all this different type of hardwood in the mansion that edward had installed here. really amazing 1892 pocket doors in the mansion. i had a guy come through three years ago who had just closed up his custom wood working business in montana after 30 years. and he said i could build one of those pocket doors for you for about $7,000.

so those are the kind of things that are town learn when you give tours as a docent. his whole life is a fascinating story. he was born on a plantation on st. croix, who winds up in new york with no money. we know he didn't have any money, because we recently received a letter his father sent him that said we know you're without a position. he winds up in little old laramie, wyoming, at the time, 800 people in 1870. and he amasses this fortune. builds this beautiful building, a major builder downtown. i think it's fair to say he was a critical part of the evolution of laramie from 1868 all the way through 1928 when he passed away. for both jane and edward, what i want people to walk away from, after they see this house that cost an awful lot of money to build, that maybe the money was at least early on made from the people laramie in not the

best way, that when they leave, they understand what they did for our community. whether it was the early actions withly school and church and suffrage act, or -- and especially his philanthropy that resulted in all these great things for our community. so that's what i would like him to walk away from, because, you know, you can see, in a lot of places, fancy homes, and this one is an elegant fancy home, but it's really important that people understand that making his money from or off the community that money came back to us. so that's what i really hope they walk away with. >> our look at laramie continues as we visit the university of wyoming american heritage center to hear about the political career and personal story of former united states senator, allen simpson.

>> well, you miss your colleagues, those on both sides of the aisle. you'll miss ledge lathe. i've been legislating for 31 years. didn't come here wanting to be vice president or president. i came here to legislate, and i've done a thorough job of that. i've been involved in serious legislative issues, immigration, clean air act, social security reform, medicare, veterans issues. >> we are at the american heritage center at the university of wyoming. archives on campus, one of the major things that we collect are the papers of our politicians. one of the major collections that we have are the papers of alan k. simpson. he was an attorney in cody, wyoming. he went onto the wyoming house

of representatives, and then quickly after that became a u.s. senator, and really spent serving entire life wyoming. in the political arena. and is still doing so on a national level at the age of 88. when the archive collects the materials of a person's life, it's not just about one issue. it's not about what they did in one part of life. it's their whole life. this is very much al's papers. they're very much indicative of that, because we had materials om him as a young boy to materials of last year. almost 750 boxes of materials. we love pack rats, and al is a pack rat. we're really happy about that, because it means that we get some really priceless things.

re is a letter that al wrote in 1840 to santa clausms he's 9 years old. so this hard-boiled politician is writing to santa claus, wanting a sled and an electric train with lights and the coaches. i just think that's a charming piece, and obviously al did, too. still a believer at 9 in toys. and this is just -- obviously al was very proud of this, because this was done when he was in high school, and what he did is it's birds that he in ed and he puts highlighted thefpble he talked about when he saw them, something about them that for him to have kept this all these years means there must be a

sense of pride about this little piece. al graduated high school in 1949 in from n cody. he went off and spent a year in massachusetts going to a post-secondary school. then he went to the university of wyoming. just like his father, following in his footsteps. and so al, who is 6'7", as you might guess, becomes a basketball player at the university of wyoming. 1953, al on the -- from there's al right there. al on the wyoming cowboys basketball team. not only did he play basketball, he played football for the team. i don't know how they managed to spell his name wrong. i'm sure they weren't too thrilled about that. but he was number 75, a tackle

on the football team. one other thing that al did, he joined the student senate. these are his i.d. cards. well, there was a reason why he joined the senate, and her name as ann shrull. beautiful woman. he found her very attractive, and she was a senator, too. 10 made her acquaintance, and they started to date. and ann later reflected, she said i was a little wary of al. he was a wild young man. and he was a drinker. and i didn't want any part of that, and she said, but in the end, he seemed salvageable, and he proved us, she said. so they graduated -- she graduated in 1953. he graduated university of wyoming in 1954.

and they got married in 1954. after his time in the army, he came back to the university of wyoming, and he earned his law degree. and he began practicing law with his father in cody. and by 1964, al was ready to enter the politics himself. and so he ran for the wyoming house of representatives, and he won, began serving in 1965. this was a nice little photo showing ann, his wife, threatening -- straightening the necktie of her new representative husband. and then, of course, this is wyoming, so you've got to play the game, and al had such a great sense of humor that it was ok to play donkey basketball, cody style. that's what expected in wyoming. we're a real down to earth

state. as he was in the wyoming house and he's to 1977, known for his span of the resms he's known for his stand on abortion rights, and also on lgbtq rights. he is for a woman's right to choose an abortion, and he is or -- he advocates for lgbtq people. and that's not a new thing with al. i've got some correspondence here from 1970 and 1971 where he's responding to a woman in casper. , wyoming right to life committee, who is challenging his position on abortion, and he's responding to her in saying, i have always firmly believed that the decision to obtain an abortion is a deeply

anguishing personal decision of the female human being involved. saying, really, it's up to her. it's her choice what she wants to do. i found that really indicative that this issue had followed him throughout his political career. the one thing about al is his humor. i see whenever i'm around him. he immediately puts you at ease with his humor. he'll make some self-deprecating remarks. something will put you at ease and have you laughing. his humor was his sword and shield. it kind of greased the wheel for negotiations when he was in the wyoming house, and then later in the senate. t allowed him to easier make

friends with people, make friends in a bipartisan fashion. and just -- i don't know how well this will reflect, but here's a photograph of al just -- i mean, 1965. he just gets into the wyoming legislature. nd he's already joking around. here's one from 1969. i don't know what's going on here. i don't know why al is in a mask like that, but he just had is humor that really was engaging, is engaging, and really helped grease the wheel when it came to negotiations in the wyoming house. and ann are in paris on vacation. and he gets a wire from his dad saying, hey, son, cliff hanson, who's a senator, one of

wyoming's senators, is going to retire, hint, hint. maybe you should think about this. and al looks at ann, and ann looks at al, and said, ok, now is the time. and so he decides he's going run for the senate. and he does, and he succeeds. he's elected. here's a picture of ann and al on the capitol steps. in rrives in washington 1979, and he already has kind of a leg up, because senator cliff hansen retired early so that al could take over his place of stature in the senate. so that was kind of good and bad for al. it was good, but within six eeks of being in the senate,

3-mile incident happens in march 1979. al had been on the job about six weeks, and he had been appointed to the nuclear regulatory subcommittee. that subcommittee is chaired by gary hart. gary hart calls him on the phone and said, hey, we need to go check out what happened at this 3-mile island, this reactor. and al is like, oh, man, ok. and so they get this helicopter, and al had been in a helicopter in the army, but this one had this floor that he could see through, and they took the helicopter and viewed hings, and it was a real mess. and al said something interesting to gary hart. remember, al is very new. he said to square hart, are you going to make political hay out

of this? and gary hart bristled, like what? well, i know you're a greeny, al said. and gary said, where did you hear that? well, my staff told me. he said watch me, gary hart said. and so al was already pushing the boundaries with these people of stature in the senate. he really was fearless in this way. and so he and al and square hart worked together. they established an investigatory committee to investigate what happened at 3-mile island together. on the ted a report incident that has some harsh words for how things were handled at three mile island and some steps that should be taken when it comes to nuclear

regulations. and this was really -- this incident was really al -- mean, he really cut his teeth 13 years in the wyoming house, but on the national level, this was where he really cut his teeth and showed he could work on both sides of the aisle. another issue that he's really super -- super knowledgeable about was immigration. and his interest in immigration was partly because of being assigned to the sub coast immigration, but also, he was personally interested in it. his hart mountain, hart mountain relocation center was located very near to him. he had seen japanese-americans interned, and that was disturbing. and he also, as a young lawyer, saw people, hispanic, latino

beets ome up for sugar to harvest sugar beets, and they were taken advantage of, he felt, in his town of cody, and he said he would represent zphem try to make it easier for them. and so he saw that. and so he felt some of their pain. he worked on this issue of immigration from the time that he started in the senate, and it was quite a battle. >> i was working on the bill with regard to illegal immigration, and we passed it here in the united states senate. the first time we had at the time with it in 30 years. very fine, strong, bipartisan vote. it went to the house, and it just laid there. and people came up to me and said, you know, you're new here, but unless you go to work over there, you're never going see that bill again. and i said, well, i've been in

a legislature, in the state legislature, and just assumed that my good counterparts on the other side would pick it up and move it, especially since we've had some joint hearings and, of course, my finest counterpart was a democrat named ron mazzolli. >> it wasn't until 1986 that finally the simpson-has olie act, immigration and reform control act was signed into law. this was a program done in the early 1990's. it was a radio program. it was between al simpson and ted kennedy, again bipartisan, and they would take one issue and just a couple of minutes, they would do a little back and forth on it. and so, for example, healthcare. >> the democrats have a reform even you can support, al, since you have nothing of your own.

it imposes strict controls on costs and requires all employers to ensure their workers pay into a public fund for comparable coverage. think hard, al. president bush was at the economic summit in london. all the other g-7 nations have sensible healthcare plans to protect their citizens. why not the u.s.a.? >> ted, the other six countries are going broke paying for it. and you your family might have something left over after paying 70% of your income in taxes just for socialized medicine, but most folks will just be plain broke. >> 1991 was not a good year for al simpson. and one of the reasons was the clarence thomas, the hearings for him to be a judge for the u.s. supreme court. and thomas was accused by anita hill, a law professor, of sexual harassment when they the worked together in the

eecoc. her accusations against thomas re, in al's mind, and he's a republican senator, he's involved in these hearings in deciding whether clarence thomas should be on the supreme court, anita hill brings up these accusations of sexual innuendos that thomas was saying to her. and al is saying, well, did he ever touch you? no. and then after she left eeoc in 1983, she still would talk to clarence thomas once in a while. >> what did you say this man said to you? why in god's name, when he left his position of power or status or authority over you and you left it in 1983, why in god's

name would you ever speak to a man like that the rest of your life? >> that's a very good question. and i'm sure that i cannot answer that to your satisfaction. that is one of the things that i have tried to do today. i have suggested that i was afraid of retaliation. i was afraid of damage to my professional life. and i believe you have to understand that this response, and that's one of the things i've come to understand about harassment, that this response, this kind of response is not a atypical. and i can't explain. it takes an expert in psychology to explain how that can happen. but it can happen. >> he didn't really seem to grasp the complexities of sexual harassment.

and he really got beaned for this in the press. it was a low period of his areer. and he said he later reflected, he said, you know, whenever i think back on that period, my gut tightens. i was in a really bad place. i think he feels some remorse for how things happened, but at the same time, that's how he understood sexual harassment. and i don't think he was alone, and actually this case made it to where women did come out more about sexual harassment, because when anita hill talked about it, oh, that's happening to me. oh, that's what that is. and so actually her case helped, but al did not really

help. so lastly, an issue that was near and dear to al simpson's what is commemorating happened to japanese-americans at hart mountain relocation center. hart mountain relocation center was one of the places where, during world war ii, after it was rbor was bombed, seemed that japanese-americans, especially on the west coast, could be communicating with japan and were seen as potential spies. and so those japanese-americans were sent to relocation centers, they were called, throughout the u.s., and one of those was heart mountain center between cody and powell. when he was a little boy in cody, he was a boy scout.

and the boy scout leader, his boy scout leader found out that there was a troop of boy scouts t heart mountain, and so the cody boy scouts went to heart mountain, because heart mountain kids couldn't leave, to just have a little gathering, have a little fun. and to do a little work, too. so one day al was assigned to be in a tent wr the japanese-american boy, and they were supposed to be digging -- making waterways, making it to where water would flow where the farmers wanted it to go. and this little boy was in normanetta. >> i met alan simpson here as a boy scout in 1943, and i was thinking, alan, we're back nder a tent again. ours was a lot smaller.

and i could always first say that i first met alan when he had hair. nd he was roly-poly. and since then he's lost his ir, and he's lost his role roly-polyness. but if there's anything that you can talk about, about man love, there's nothing wrong with man love. and this is a man i really love. >> and al always had a place in his heart for those japanese-americans, and, you know, 1989, he's working on restitution for japanese-americans who were interned during world war ii. in 1992, he's working on a fund for heart mountain relocation

center interpretive, interpretive center there. and finally, it came to pass, 2011, the heart mountain interpretive learning center was established. not all due to al simpson, but al simpson definitely had a strong advocate on this issue and still does. and he still does. al simpson is -- i'm trying to think. would you maybe call him an anomaly? we're in a very partisan time, and wyoming is a very conservative state, but people here love al simpson. i say that because i see it, whenever i've seen al, people come up to him, it's like they are attracted to him like a

moth. they want to talk to him. they want to touch him. he is seen as someone who transcends partisanship. and even partisan people realize that. i just think he's an example nationally and here in the state of what you can be like as a politician when you're true to yourself. and that's a real wyoming trait that people love. >> but i won't miss every other weekend being 30,000 feet headed for denver, then up into wyoming. i won't miss getting off plane sunday night and being met with somebody who hands me a file this thick, says you got two hearings tomorrow, two tuesday. better read this book before wednesday. you've got four speeches to give on the issue of the clean air act, and trading, which means you have to work, and say

why did you work hard, and i said what basic reason, i just didn't to want make an ass out of myself. >> during our time in laramie, wyoming, the c-span cities tour visited various historic sites. up next, we'll tour the wyoming territorial prison, which became the symbol of law and order during the turmoil of the wild west. >> this fight is about the convicts. it's about this amazing building, but it's how their ves were changed and how the jirble system and the prison incarceration system has really not changed that much. this prison had a very diverse history. it was first a united states penitentiary from 1872 until 1890. 1890, wyoming becomes a state,

and it becomes wyoming's first state penitentiary. so you're standing in a building that held federal prisoners, which was the territorial era, and also state -incarcerated prisoners as well. so when visitors come to this prison, one of the interesting things they're going to notice as they walk up to the front oor is it's massive. this has this huge dominance feeling to it. now, it's not a gothic type of prison like you would expect with the big turrets. i mean, it is in wyoming. but it is a very large stone structure. the architects of this building deliberately built this prison this way. it was to intimidate. this prison was built on the auburn prison management style, and that meant that the prison was built to where the convicts were put in solitary

confinement at night. they were kept singly in a small cell, and then they would get up in the morning to a bell, this prison ran on a bell system, so 5:00 in the morning, that bell went off. they all get to the bell. the idea of a cowboy who got caught wrestling cattle, and his whole life grew up in a log cabin, and he walks up to this massive structure, it was intimidating. they knew at that moment their lives were going to change. as the visitors stepped through the front door, they're going see how this prison actually would have locked during that time. it's not a falling apart type prison. you come in, you're going view the processing room. this is where all the convicts were greeted and all of their information taken. their photos were taken. they were given a number. the men's hair would be shaved. they would pout black and white striped uniforms.

for reasons of assimilation. you were taken away. and that person no longer had their own thoughts. they were to be assimilated into the group. it's also easier way to handle a lot of men who you only have a few guards. so this prison wasn't a real cool place to be. it was a true tough prison to be. punishments were the dark cells. wearing the ball and chain. they were shackled to their cell doors, nut so will carry confinement, bread and water. there was water hose. they would turn a water hose on them. there was the whipping post. it was all about getting them to conform to the rules. so as you move through the prison, across the hall, you're going see the warden's office. now, the warden in the early days, when it was the u.s. penitentiary, this prison was run by the u.s. marshal, and the u.s. marshals were actually in there, along with the

warden. what would happen next is that the warden would come in and talk to the new convicts one-on-one, find out what their skill sets were, what did they do for a living. so if they were a furniture maker, which we did have in here, then the warden begins to think, wait, how can we make money and support this prison? because that was his job. he got paid from the state when it was a state institution, but not much. his job was to figure out how do we make this prison run. how do we feed these prisoners, and they were fed very, very well, by the way, because they wanted them to work. so they made furniture here. they found out that they had incarcerated a tax dermist, so all of a sudden they were in the tax dermy business. people were sending them their deer to be mounted or, you know, whatever, like an owl or eagle or whatever, and they would do that work. they had some makers in here.

so there we go. we were making zpwars. just a real variety. but the biggest production of prison industry was brooms, sweeping brooms, and they opened up the broom shop, or the broom factory in the 1890's, and produced 700 brooms a day in this building that the visitors will get to see. in fact, some of the original equipment is still there, and our volunteers today make brooms exactly like they did on the equipment like that. the broom making was very comfortable. and then you go to the north cellblock, the older part of the prison. the older part has individual cells that have to be individually locked. it's made out of brick and mortar, and one thing you're going find out is the cells are in the middle of the room. they're not on the outside of the hall with a hallway down the middle. the cells are back to back, and the walkway goes around the cells. and it's an easier way to keep

eye on everything. you then go upstairs to the dining room. this is a multipurple room swsm this is where chapel was held. this is also where receivers could be received. this is where the library was kept. so kind of the multipurpose room. and they'll also goat see the guard's quarters that was up there as well. and as they moved across, they will see the women's quarters, and then the south cellblock completely different in the architecture and in the material. while the north cellblock, built in 187 , is all scombrick mortar, the south cellblock, built in 1888 is all steel. the cells are all steel, but the one thing that was completely different is it introduced the z bar locking system. with one pull of the handle, an entire tier is what they were called, an entire row of cells could be opened at once.

you didn't have to stand there with yourie and lock and do them one by one hoping they didn't jump out at you and overpower you. so you're going see that technology. and it t truly was technology. the other thing you'll seat warden's house. it was built in 1875 by the convicts. this building wasn't built bit convicts, but that building was. and so they built that building n 12875, and interestingly enough, that building has been a family resident until 1986. so this building has seen a lot of activity. t has been used for over 1,000 prisoners. the interesting thing is that this prison, the men and women were held here together. there was a women's quarters in this building along the course with the regular male convicts

here as well. the women were kept in their -- patriot t much much 24 hours a day. they were let out to bathe and visit with the chaplain, but they were kept pretty much solitary in their cellblock. the men, however, were sentenced to hard labor here. one of the things that's very interesting, why visitors like coming to this prison, is they're really intrigued about the criminal element. what gets them put in here? what did they do to be put into this place? it's all about the outlaws and lawmen. , and you know, the outlaw trails, it ended here. but those crimes will surprise you, because we've had everything in here from murder, rape, things that you would expect, cattle ruffling, assault. but we also had crimes in here like a gentleman that stole bicycles. another three our convicts were

in here for perjury in a court case. so we have a lot of infamous people here, cattle wrestlers and things. but the one convict i think that the majority of people know is robert leroy parker, actually george cassidy, or butch cassidy. butch cassidy was incarcerated in here for stealing a horse. it's not what you would have thought. becaused already robbed banks at this time, but he was in here for buying a horse off of billy, his good buddy. well, his good buddy was a horse thief. and in wyoming, if you're caught with stolen goods, you can be tried for stealing those goods. so he was caught with a stolen horse. he was brought into this very room we're standing it now, and he was processed. the interesting thing about the processing of all of these convicts and all of these individuals coming in here was

this was a time before fingerprints, this was a time before social security numbers. and most of the time these people had no birth certificates. they didn't know where they were really born or what day of the month. if mom wrote it down in the family bible, they might know. so the information given in the processing, they get different names. and that's exactly what cags dedid. he said his name was george cass deerks not robert leroy parker. he said he was an orphan and born in new york step. reality is he was born in utah, and he was the eldest of 13 kids. he said his parents dead, and they were very much alive at this point. so the whole alias, it makes it really interesting, getting to know these convicts, because who are they really? because we really don't know. another really interesting prisoners that came in together

is they would come up in one of our prison wagons. they would off load, they come into the processing room. we had a husband and wife show up. we had peter and minnie that were in an altercation over land. they were a small rancher. they had land that bordered a very large rancher's land and dispute over water rights and land, and he wanted their land, and there was this constant friction between the two. well, gunfire erupts, and one of the large ranchers' hands were killed. so they didn't know if min heat actually fired the shot, because she was shooting with her winchester, and their husband was shooting as well. well, they didn't know which one did it, so they tried them both equally for the same crime, which you can't do today, but back then they did. interesting, she was put in the women's quarters, and she was there for several years.

and peter was put in the north cellblock. in the entire time they were incarcerated here, they were never allowed to see each other, never allowed to speak to each other. they weren't allowed to send notes to each other. it was really, really a difficult thing that be to that close to your loved one and never know how they're doing. when minnie is finally released for serving her complete time, she petitions the governor to get her husband released. that didn't really work. but later he was released, and they basically went to south dakota to start over again. but it's a really interesting story about how the judicial system worked back then. because today, one would be an accomplice. they both wouldn't get tried for the same crime. one of the missions and missions that we have here at the wyoming territorial prison state historic site, our job is to preserve, is to preserve these historic structures, but

not only the buildings, because when the visitors come see us, we talk about the people that were in here. and so it's a time to kind of reflect, here it is, the old wild west, and the outlaws are in this prison. but yet today the same crimes, they're being incarcerated for the same crimes. white collar crimes, check cashing, forgery, all of that. so why is it important for us to save these structures and save these stories? i think, truly, without looking back, you cannot look forward. i think the important thing is to embrace that history, to understand it, to learn from it , and then how do we take that information and use it for something better in the future? how do you not repeat those mistakes? and are that's pretty much what this prison's all about. we talk about the outlaws.

everyone loves bad boys, you know? they like butch cassidy and the wild bunch, and they like all those bad boys. guess what, they were thugs. they were murderers. they were thieves. and so we try to save those stories and kind reminding people not to remay not size the west that truly was never romantic at all. it was hard work. it was dangerous. very few people succeeded, and so trying to tell stories and trying to give an aha moment for our visitors is truly what we're about. >> the c-span cities tour is exploring the american story. join us the first and third weekends of each month as we take book tv and american history tv on the road, and to

watch videos from all of the cities we visited, go to c-span.org/citiestour, and follow us on twitter. we now continue our feature laramie as we take you to the laramie plains museum, which features a special exhibit on wyoming women suffrage. >> we are in the women's hallway of the laramie plains museum in the ivinson mansion. in this hallway we begin to tell you the story of why wyoming was so unique granting women this right to vote, hold property, and elected office. december 10 of 1867, our wyoming territorial legislature dictated this, and it was signed by governor campbell, granting women this act, so remarkable with that we a capitol of this. we have this copy that is so extraordinary.

you see that writing that said what was happening in the west. because of this act, december 10, 1869, giving women full rights alongside men, we had the first woman voter in the world, luis agardner. we had the first woman bailiff, martha atkinson. we had the first woman on a jury. we had all of wyoming able to be in the lem tour. this was gary. we had esther motor, who was the first one woman of the justice. we had nellie taylor ross, first woman governor in the world much this was the fall justice from the beautiful sunnage. here we just have a few more mentions of our entire who were important. here we have a great thing, where her friends were so worried. she's out in the west caught in

this act is', and she writes about it. she said, oh, yes, some of my friends are eastern girls who judge it by the report and think that any woman who votes must be dreadful. while a woman who holds office must be beyond, i told them about a friend of mine who had cently been elected to a county office and assures me she was nicer. they had to take mile an hour word for it, but they assured me you couldn't possibly stay so. you would become bold and vanish in a short period of time. and when we leave this hallway, we're going to go into the foyer and into the salon, which has been set up as a defense of suffrage. come me. we're going to go into the drawing room in the victorian age, we are here showcasing a

defense of a suffrage act. we have the exhibit set up here in the ivinsons' withdrawing room. here's jane and edward ivinson and their adopted darbgs maggie. this home is the largest artifact we have, and there, a place of residence after 24 years when they first came to laramie. they made it when there was nothing here. made their important and built this house 24 years later. we have salvaged this house, and in here we tell laramie's history. so we've got december 10, the wyominger it to recall legislature passing this law that dismudgetsdzed areport people. why is that happening in the west? why is it happening in wyoming territory? at the time, we had just become wyominger iter to the from wyoming territory. so we were here, and that's

legislature, one of the reasons they did it, we believe, is they needed to attract women to the west. this was a place of railroad workers hammering out a railroad. we had the central pacific coming in from california, the union pacific, and it was fast and furious, and he had&we had crazy living conditions out here. the legislature wanted to attract those women, those women to come, be part of this adventure. so this gaye them full rights. i'm telling you, it was full inviting rotes. it was really pretty political office rights. there's no other state that could change that. you know, north dakota and utah like to know they have the first well worte, and they may ave, but they vote in other he electrics. women were on the same term with men, which is

extraordinary. in here, we have katie coming to the ivinsons' salon to listen about the defense of suffrage, because what happened. it was in 1876, wyoming was getting so much grief that the legislature was saying maybe we should rescind this act. this is an exhibit of steven speaking about this possibly in this salon. speaking about the defense of the act, because in 1871, people were giving wyoming territories such grief about having an ard where people had the same thults ads money. and drowny vote to the wyoming public about how important this was that we keep this, that we retain this, and it was retained in 1871 by one vote in

the legislature. then fast forward, 18 years. wyominger iter to the is wanting to become a state. washington, d.c. says no wunls in the woits is fiving women these kind of acts. you need to remind that act. wyoming said, huh, don't care, hen we will not become a state unless we can hold all of these rights. so when you talk about wyoming had the first woman voter in the world in 18 of the, that you had the first woman on a zir 2070. first woman bail up. first women justices of the peace. all of this could happen, because wyoming had given women that right. it is remarkable. it's a fact that nobody ever knows about. and how great is it that we can tell this story? this is our 150th anniversary

of that gift to women and end by the end of territory. >> the c-span cities tour concludes its look at laramie, wyoming, with a deerwood ranch wildheart ecosanctuary. to hear about how their relationship with the b.y.u. of land management helps presembt wild mustangs. laramie, 4-7. 62 frost-free days a year. and right behind me is the bus tanks, i've heard of visited. we now have 370 that they how the here and take care of them.

beat them 365 days a year, and whether we're physically taking food out to them. it's all part of the program. and in 2010, the bureau of land management had a solicitation for private land owners to ply or write a grant to take mustangs, the horses off of public schools. you know, just as far as ll we do is and so we applied. and fortunately we were accepted out of 20 people. we're unique right here compared to other, four other sank wars that have around -- sanctuary that are around. we're at 8,000 feet, kind of a

limited tourist time, so to speak, mossly during the summertime. the other sanctuaries unique in their own way, but here we are in the mountains. natural tab hat with a lot of wild animals to begin with. we applied. we wrote a granted, and then we were expected basically for the proposal we them them. being the first ecojank wary. our governor specified all the horses would be wyoming horses. so when they started bringing horses, every horse that was brought here was originally from wyoming, even though a truckload, 35 or so, maybe came from colorado or we did have a couple close from oklahoma. but they were all wyoming

horses originally and came back like their place of berth, so to speak. we had 370 horses here, and that was a number that was established by us and the b.y.u. of land management. it's just kind of the number we have ended up with, and we are taking baby steps and trying to understand how to sustain these horses. is a can take more, there process everybody has to go through to acquire more horses. if for some reason we have to take horses away, there's not even any place to take them that wouldn't be crowded already. agreementperative where we take care of the horses under their specifications and they pay us to do that.

bringingody if you are cattle or anything into the themtion, we take care of under their specifications and they pay us accordingly. they have helped us set up some plots, or areas we can measure -- we can manger. if we are having a terrible drought year we can determine by .atellite to what extent a body condition score for each horse, they require you to be in that realm. periodically visit , now just more for monitoring, and as opposed to when they

first came out, nobody knew what an eco-sanctuary was going to be. between us and them and the cooperative agreement we kind of made a model of what we or what direction they want us to go in. management, it helps. if we don't harvest it, it is actually detrimental. them grazing it, they are helping us take care of the land as well. they are very efficient, these are allt, gilded horses, meaning they are

male horses that can't reproduce. mayors and no studs .hat are out in the wild we are helping in the sense that we won't reproduce, they will live the rest of their lives here as natural as possible. increased their toespan from the true wild our sanctuary by a minimum of 10 years. they are having a very good life. i have always said if i die i would like to come back as one because they are very well taken care of. we are in a controlled

situation. we control their grazing, we control their movement, we make sure they are in adequate feed all the time, they are being watched daily, and usually three times a day we are out. the wild, there could be a specific place they are at season.s drought you can't just move them and control them as opposed to what we get to do here on our own private land. the challenges are like in every agriculture, the weather is such a -- we may have a very good grass year this year and next year may just be the opposite, where you have no grass.

if everybody had that crystal ball we would all be happy. that is the risk you take and you try to minimize those as good as you can. there are some days when you question your ability, but if you just hold on it usually just turns out. it's another tool the blm can help sustain the life of the icon -- of our icon, the mustang. gives the public the chance to view them up close and personal, as opposed to trying to locate them out in the wild somewhere, and it helps to and know theublic

actual upsides and downsides of trying to maintain a wild horse. there are four generations that and we all feel like sharing this place so people can understand the importance of ground or ground that people can look at and say, they are working very hard to keep it maintained, by no means to we ever want to ruin the place. said,are people that have you are just going to ruin it by doing this or doing that. the contrary, there is no reason we would want to do that, we enjoy living here, we enjoy doing what we are doing.

be doing and interview with you and tomorrow i might be a plumber or an electrician or a veterinarian, i have to help an animal with a sickness. we are not out here trying to save every horse, if mother nature says this horses not going to survive it won't. if one is suffering, we won't allow that to happen. horse, after he passes , goes backr reason into the cycle, the birds, the coyotes, all the animals that would come by would clean him up and eat what they could, like they would try to look for food every day. it's just kind of part of the cycle we allowed to happen.

to find asll be able they all have a buddy. we enjoy seeing that. if you are here long enough, ,hey have their personalities these are three strike courses. they had three chances to be adopted to somebody. maybe they didn't fit that criteria, may be they were not able to be trained for whatever reason, or somebody just didn't like the color of the horse. strikes, get three they are not put back into the adoption, so they will come to a they aree this, where housed for the rest of their lives. this horse was one of the tema's horses.

he is obviously used to people coming up. but being turned back he is no longer in the program. he's a three strike horse. has helped us tame the other wild horses. with there all branded you can see the bar system. two bars are the number zero after they put the u.s., then the first number you will see is the year they gathered them, the year they felt they were born. also serial number, registration number.

we also have a paper on each horse. when one does die we receive a them and we can identify and they are accounted for. the role of the mustang, you can hear all kinds of stories. people who come and who are historians or who have dealt a , they helpstangs with the development of our land maine west, the horses the -- horse was the main part of for hunting and getting from one place to another. jealous of onet another when one gets more attention than the other. they just have that personality,

and they can certainly tell when someone is having a bad day or a good day. the love of the horses nationwide, not specific to a farmer or a rancher. really bought into the program and our goal is to help on the communication part, where we can build a bridge between the blm and the public, and let public people know the blm are the right people to have in there. job,ould let them do their that's what we feel. hopefully we can continue to do this, there has to be a solution, and we need to be able to get along and agree to that. tothe meantime it is another have hopefully

more people can maybe jump in and do that and understand it is andher warm of agriculture helping to preserve the icon. >> our city tour staff recently traveled to laramie wyoming to learn about its rich history. and otherbout laramie stops on our tour, visit c-span.org. you are watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3. war, theon the civil 1864 newmarket campaign, which he argues resulted in the last ther confederate victory in shenandoah valley, and had a -- had a strategic --

this talk was part of a symposium on far gotten -- unforgotten battles of the civil war. pleasure to introduce sarah k bierly. sarah is the managing editor at the civil war and conference correlator for gazette 665. she has spent the last few years exploring ways to share quality historic research in ways that will inform and inspire audiences. young age and through the year she has helped prepare stood -- prepare