step along the path of reducing nuclear arms, and that is its enduring value. but the treaty also has another merit. it brought our two peoples closer together. we are entering the new year with a hope for continued progress. >> follow us on social media at c-span history are more this to history clips and posts. >> a panel of journalism and media scholars talk about the press coverage of presidents and presidential. candidates in the mid-19th century. -- and presidential candidates. the online event is part of the 19th century press, the civil war, & free expression symposium the university of tennessee at chattanooga hosted this event. is david sackman at

the university of chattanooga. we are here at the 28 annual symposium on the 19th century press, the civil war, & free expression symposium. this afternoon's program is titled presidents and the press. breslinrator is jack from iona college. let me introduce jack breslin. >> thank you, david. this afternoon we have three presentations on presidents and the press, a topic that is getting quite a bit of attention these days. so i will start with my presentation. that will be followed by my colleagues bill hunsicker, in minneapolis, minnesota, and david beaulah, in augustine georgia -- augusta, georgia. my paper is focusing on civil war generals for president.

this builds on a previous paper i had done a few years ago, the king at the elections of william henry harrison and zachary chieftains,military as was referred to by when editorial. harrison had a certain amount of political experience, and had served of governor of the ohio territories, and also served in congress for a short time, whereas taylor had no political experience. there was even question about and a loty as a whig, of questions about his ability to be a viable president, especially being a slaveholder. in that paper to do a little review, if we could have the second dislike, rachel. ok. slide, rachel. one of the most famous clinical slogans, tippecanoe and tyler

too, was a publicists dream. because of a canoe came from a well-to-do background -- tippecanoe came from a well-to-do family and was a son of a decoration signer ended served in the indian war and later the governor of the indiana territories. 1811, he was in the battle canoe in indiana and later elected to the house and the ohio state senate. buren ino martin van 1836. van buren was vice president to jackson, and was able to ride his coattails to the white house. of course, jackson being another military president. you might say, what about washington?

what about jackson? what about grant? they haven't covered. it is -- that have been covered and it is kind of obvious how their military doctrines help them win elections. but with these presidents, especially harrison and taylor, very little political experience and looking at garfield and hayes, having a substantial civil service record before they became president, how much did their military strength play into that? the second time around, harrison eight van buren -- beat van buren in a three-way race for the election. despite the contradictions i campaign, the portrayed him as a common farmer, he lived in a log cabin, tricking cider, in contrast to the soft, aristocratic van buren of new york. as i said, typically and tyler

too is still one of the most famous slogans in american campaign history. moved hisylor had family from pennsylvania to kentucky. he was a lifelong soldier, having also worked as a planter, and was a slave holder on his three estates. he was an indian fighter, the hero of the mexican war, an old rough and ready became a clinical candidate for president. so he had never held office and became a candidate, even though there was some doubt about his reputation as a whig, and the problem of him being a slaveholder. however, he was a war hero. campaign did not focus on any issues or platforms. cass in the electoral college and popular vote and also third-party candidate martin van buren. try to get but received no

electoral about. tried againn buren but received no electoral votes. harrison served one month and caught pneumonia during his inaugural speech, and died a month later. taylor also died in office. presidentr accidental , talking about the first, john tyler, he then did not survive his full-term. grant,erm war hero, as did not -- you as grant, -- grant, do not do too well. the saying america do not want generals as president and along comes the election of 1876 and a dark court -- dark horse candidate from ohio, rutherford b hayes, becomes the nominee. originally born in ohio and graduated loss collect kenyon

college and practiced a lot before he joined the court. during the war, he originally was a major in the ohio 23rd, and saw action and heroism in south mountain, third battle of winchester, cedar creek, and was wounded four times, including having three horses shot from under him. as we will see in the campaign literature, there was a lot of attention to this heroism and his abilities as a leader. went from major to colonel to brigadier general during the war. war, in the in the army, he was elected to the house, but he declined to serve, saying anybody who gives up his duties should not be elected to office. then, he did not finish his first house term, he returned to ohio and was elected governor three consecutive terms. along comes the 1876 convention.

james p blaine is the front runner. but by the seventh ballot, along comes hayes as a dark horse favorite son and he is elected -- nominated for president. him, samuel tilden was the favorite and won the popular vote. this election has been getting election in the past few months, wondering if we would have 1876, whichtion of at this point it does not sin we are. hayes narrowly led the electoral vote, and the election went to the house of representatives. from november to march. finally, what is known as the compromise of 1877, hayes one by a single vote. as promised, he served one turn -- one term, retired to ohio and pass there and 1893. there in 1893.

garfield came from a humble background and is referred to as the course american president. he worked on the family farm and as a steering boy on the ohio and yuri canals and graduated from williams college. he studied law on his own and passed the bar and was ordained a minister of the disciples of christ church, and was elected to the senate in 1850. the war came, he volunteered 42nd ohio and served in middle creek, shiloh. he was promoted to major general ansar heroism in chickamauga. andesigned from the army served nine terms in the house of representatives. the 1880 republican convention, there were four favorite and he was not one of them. he was a dark horse candidate. but after 36 ballots, he got the

nomination. shows us an side, interesting contrast to the study, was america really tired of military generals after grant? this time, we had to civil war war heroes running against each other, our field for the republicans, and winfield scott hancock, a guy with no political experience, nominated by republicans exceeds me, by democrats. -- excuse me, by democrats. the most narrow popular vote margin ever, 10,000 votes. garfield won the white house by a comfortable margin. as we know, he was wounded by an assassin's bullet in the washington train station, lingered for two months, and died in 1881, and was succeeded by his vice president, chester ellen arthur. -- chester allen arthur. perhaps i have biased, being from new york.

but most of my studies of the presidency and press, i focused on new york newspapers, since they had prominent editors and also had significant influence at that time, and some of the largest circulations. first fire and subdirectory i could find listed these papers as top circulation, the son, harold, the journal, the world, the tribune, the telegraph, times, and the evening post. because of the pandemic, my usual flipping through microfilms at the state library and -- in albany, was interrupted. so now i'm focusing on the herald tribune and hope to resume study later and finish to look at all of these papers, contrasting the independent newspapers with democrats and republicans, as to their treatment of the military records. that concludes the slides. 1876, the tribune publisher horace greeley had passed on for years ago, but

they still had his name on the masthead as the founder. two months before the convention, the host state governor, hayes, was only briefly mentioned, with roscoe conklin being the favorite of the tribune at the time. but, there was that sort of a dark horse, as one editorial at the tribune ran before the start of the convention. yes, the is the great unknown. who is it? we do not really know yet. a couple of mentions as favorite sons of the convention, with hayes getting some mention. and also some support for him among the ohio delegates. by the sixthlot, ballot, blaine had lost his thenrt, and the nominee hayes, one on the seventh ballot. -- won. called him a--

distinguished soldier. notice, titles in newspapers you may say they do not mean very much. the tribune never refers to hayes as general, it is always as governor. however, we will see the herald referring to him as general, and later, referring to our field as general garfield. every time we see the name grant mentioned, however, even though he was a two-term president, he is mentioned as general grant, showing the impact and legacy of his war record, even though he was serving as president. so, the tribune featured two hayes, after his nomination, and talked about his service in the ohio 23rd as heroic, a gallant soldier under grant, mcclellan, and sheridan. they started in west virginia and saw action at antietam. talking about him being wounded at south mountain.

the biography says the commander was not ready for the ambulance or hospital, there was a good deal of fight left in him. he reappeared on the field undaunted, his head would have to rest, he fought until -- his head wound half dressed. he fought until he had been carried away. the lineen he saw wavering, colonel hayes plunged in and dragged his way through, and was the first man over, colonel hayes exposed himself recklessly and was half the time in advance of the line. later during another battle in the winchester campaign, he narrowly escapes with his life. the biography says, as he lay on the field standby his fall and wondering why the troops were not ordered to charge the enemy line, there was a cloud of dust on the westchester turnpike, and sheridan road into camp on his magnificent horse, in time to save the day. so, even though there was significant corruption and scandal during the grant

administration, there was an theorial kind of excusing former president for that, that even with the were closed, grant had risen through every right. as washington held, he was a general of the army, or the laurels of a hundred trees resolutely gained -- hundred victories. and in seven years from breaking of the war, the filled woodpecker was elected president in four years later elected by the largest popular majority received by president. on the democratic side, tilden was nominated. there was a little dispute about his quote war record quote because he did not serve. but in a few editorials, the tribune talked about this idea -- am being this unionist disunionist, where on the other side of the break was a supporter of the union. they make reference -- on the

others, hayes was a supporter of the union. for example harrison was denounced by the democrats as an ignorant old guzzler of hard cider, but he was elected. whice was denounced by the gs as a third county lawyer but was elected. general taylor was a man denounced as unable to write or spell correctly as jackson had been. hayes,r hayes, general trusted by his fellow citizens can be trusted again and again. in one story that appeared before the election, entitled the boys of blue, there was a report about the speech referring to the still beloved hayes, and applauded by the union veterans. but the speaker mentioned tilden's coldness during the war, and the lack of his patriotic impulses. proprietor,d, the

james gordon, bennett, was ranked second to charles dana's son. interesting that in his independent editorial, he frequently referred to the other competing new york newspapers. for example, in 1876, he called dana and olympic god. we speak of the editor of the sun as a veteran, one who flourished in the days when the press was controlled by giants. the mature and massive intellect of the veteran of the sun, who sits over his thundering presses like in the libyan god, tossing laurels -- like an olympian god, tossing laurels at summit hurling javelins at others. some and hurling talented others. that harold preferred roscoe conklin was a mention of hayes saying maybe others would prefer

hayes is the unknown man. -- that harold. -- herald. there were headlines and stories applauding his military leadership. his men for whom he provided great skill and foresight. later, one of the strongest argument in favor of his nomination is that hayes fought in the war and was well known as lincoln before the nomination. starts when the herald using the term, general hayes, as we saw in the other papers that they did not. other editorials comparing him to washington as the only successful soldier president we ever had. presentwho have been since then who were soldiers are the landmarks of calamity in our history. namelyst experiment,

grant, is so disastrous in this country, we cannot forget it, or recover courage to try another soldier, in a very great while. now, who is running against him? garfield excuse me, hancock. so, after hancock, even before hancock's nomination, the herald was rejecting any future military president's, including this minor candidate of hancock who although he was a soldier and upright citizen, he had no chance for the nomination. and while he might make an admirable secretary of war, we should not elect another military president, unless there is the prospect of war. a great there was discussed among the public, about reviving this bloody conflict, because of having another military president. i quote here, even apart from

that general discussed with military president, -- the general disgust with military presidents, is that no fitness in nominating a president really on his war effort so long, after the end of the conflict what the country needs is a wise, steady, sagacious, civil administration, which we can expect under a president hayes, and like-minded statesmanship abilities and his large experience. excuse me, garfield are referred to before. --- tribune,garfield, garfield, hayes-. another comment, the war is over. we do not need to have political organization with the boys in blue in the north and there is no reason why we should have political organizations above boys ingrate in the south. gray inof -- boys in the south. the herald brings up the problem of the bloody shirt campaign, a

deliberate bringing up of some of the dangers of united south opposition to the south were claims, and the dangers of these claims arousing the old war fever, feelings of bitterness, hostility, and suspicion to southern ways. so, perhaps you could see that was a reason for playing down the war records of both garfield and hayes. substantially filled them, the republicans using the bloody shirt, those who desire reforms to the old appearance of the bloody shirt is an outright prejudice, hatred, and unreason, brings about failure. and should we trust these leaders for that? meanwhile, on the trillion side, we see there -- on the tribune side, we see there is mention early of garfield. in one story, they refer to the dark horse as general harrison of indiana, benjamin harrison, and general garfield of ohio. in newstion of garfield

stories early in the campaign -- convention, because he was part of an anti-grant coalition, and building some support for the former secretary of the treasury, john sherman. as we know, grant was trying for a third term. and he was rallying in the early part -- he was roundly defeated in the early part of the campaign. by the beginning of the convention, blaine's lead was beginning to dwindle, and garfield's prospects were starting to rise. again, referred to as general garfield. it seems the verdict of the majority that garfield won the laurels of the night, in a speech he gave. his speech was admirably made to create those for the candidate, courteous, conciliatory and brilliant. he honestly is so popular here that the chill of his speech increases the speculation of his being made the nominee. and he was later nominated on the 36 ballot. tribune stille

has some reservations about garfield, they seem to push grant's failures aside, with one service that the dazzling fame of appomattox could blind our people to the lessons of the experiment in free government the world has seen. as for garfield's military service, his career as a soldier was without flaw. in the last battle it was said the crisis was left without orders and he wrote to the sound of the enemies canon. as a statesman, he has a fine and brilliant record, which is soldiers made him popular in the union army, his personal character has been such to endear him. convictions, is a staunch friend, at a splendid fighter. on the democratic side, the tribune described the national democratic convention as chaotic. seems likely to

drop out of the contest early, and the situation now is so chaotic it would not be surprising if he should develop and fund expected -- if he should develop unexpected strength. the southerners rushed into vote for him, southern man, who was kind to the south when she was down. it was emotional, it would not last long. the people of the south do not want to military president and will not have one. hancock will not be nominated. meanwhile, the country was exhausted with military presidents. but it would be like the democratic party to nominate general hancock, the old soldier is played out, when the country is sick of military presidents, and the whole thing has spewed up out of its [indiscernible] because the democratic party to come up 15 years behind the time and set up business as a soldiers party. editorial,, another hancock as they say was a good democrat based on relations of civil and military power, it

commence him to the democrat, and his unassailable character. but what else is there? we do not need another military president. as the campaign were on, they opposed the nomination and candidacy of hancock. and there was a campaign bio that came out, that exaggerated his service at gettysburg. one historian who reviewed it said he was taking credit for a charge during the gettysburg battle where he had actually already been wounded and was being taken off the campaign -- off the field. and there was problems with his post-civil war records, as the military governor of louisiana, of favoring some parties. and also the indian campaign where he spent $69 to quote kyl 2 -- $6 million to kill -- almost $6 million to kill two indians.

three plumbing or conclusions. -- three preliminary conclusions we can find. as compared to harrison and tyler with their sled and military records getting them elected where's the case of taylor no experience and harrison unheralded experience. pays and garfield have significant -- hayes and garfield have significant records a statesman and that help to focus on the issues rather than have to rely on their military campaigns. was, americablem was tired of military presidents , especially after the failed to terms of grant. -- two terms of grant. the press focused on their public records, such as grant, because he had such a strong background. but hancock had no civil experience, and that left his military record to be dissected, and resulted in his defeat. thank you.

presenter, from minnesota, bill hunsicker, a proud graduate of the university of minnesota, and one of our scholars who has regularly presented here at the conference, and was last year one of the winners of the hagel garcia award for stickers contributions to journalism history -- four distinguished contributions to journalism history. his contribution is, accidents accidency, president john tyler at his presidential image. >> in the days before the illustrative press, you had to buy cartoons. you could buy them as campaign literature. you could buy them like you would a newspaper, or a comic book or something. but they were like, 30 millimeters wide.

you could use them as posters. i do not know if they would work well as yard signs. but they seemed to be about, some of them, that large. in our discussions off-camera, the last couple of nights, we have talked about how long our nation has been polarized. this is a cartoon from pok, a humor-- puck, a humor magazine in 1899. it shows the leaders of the ghosts in party as lecture by the ghosts of thomas jefferson, off to the right. he is scolding them, saying, they have let the party degenerate from what it once was. jefferson as a democrat party later. among them, the first person on the left in front, is john tyler.

but jefferson speech, according , he says itoonist regretfully forced to declare our once glorious party has degenerated, and that the only good democrat are dead ones. we have heard something like that in the last few days, speaking of polarization. never probably said, i alone can fix it. but for many, many times, he was alone. a whig he was elected as and operated as a democrat pretty much when he was in office. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2021] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] to give us some idea of the straits the country was in, in 1837, looking forward to this 1837,gn, the panic of people have a lot of trouble

getting money. in this cartoon but there's the head of a family wondering what he can do. when jackson vetoed the bank, he issued circulars, in place of money. each one had to be backed by card -- by hard coins or gold or silver. , you could get this in color. black-and-white. you can see the details. money was in short supply.

next. the motherrd times would try to find some money, someplace. ,ff to the side, to the right he is wondering what he can do. of course, we have a campaign of hard times. of ae have a campaign difficult situation. it features william henry harrison. againstthe victor

tecumseh. this is having to do with the background. tylerally, harrison and come from rich backgrounds, but said all he had to do to get elected was go back to his cabin and drink hard cider. have hard cider as a good thing. they have large cabins. next. and so, we have images of the virtuous farmer, the senator. the images alongside that poster

. the battlefield he was in, let -- next. next. he sympathetic to a wounded soldier. this was a good thing, apparently. about the big deal log cabin and making a hard cider. and throughout the campaign -- next -- they had rallies in which they emphasized the hard cider and the log cabin. once they are affected. once -- once they are effective, once tyler becomes president they start looking forward to the next election. looking ahead, by the way,

is nothing new. 1844,ooking forward to with the playoff on the right paving the way, because he was the leader of the whig party. he had his american system, but improvements.nal next -- is at the intersection here and trying to decide which way to go. the rest of the party cannot -- here is that young lady over there. she represents texas in this image. she's the attractive looking

woman with the paracel -- parasail. tyler is the cartoon character. next. next. there is tyler at the .ntersection the road to the white house is difficult. tyler is saying i am out of this race. i am used up in this race. in off. he had promoted that annexation and worked hard on its. the whigs, not so much. tyler was almost an afterthought. tyler, too.nd

one newspaper called him president tyler, too. this is the campaign poster -- next, involving the log cabin and the hard cider. there are a lot of abolitionists that avoid parties, but in this case, they promoted. sometimes the liquor was free and sometimes there was a cash bar. and there were all kinds of images to get people to come to the rally. next.

next. they are trying to seduce the democrats. traphave been -- van buren ped. they called van buren the candor hook fox. all of the log cabins are giving way to the white house. so there are cabbage images. here's the example, the -- they go into the

it'sabin trap, saying really a plot, don't fall for the log cabin idea. next. here we have images of the opposition in various barrels. this is the fox chase, but chase is misspelled. uset of these cartoons did copy editors. next. so, we have them fighting them off.

this is the trap the log cabin industry said was invented by banks. the fox chase, we have harrison ,outing van buren, historically as aan buren is often seen fox. as i mentioned, the candor hook fox. and they certainly have the same animals or the same people, but a fox.en was often next. no campaign would be complete without attacking the press, of course.

this is bennett, who was a scotsman, immigrant. -- chasing him on a black horse, and really, he is on the white horse. the reference is to blackmail because he was accused of blackmailing. journalists were often accused of blackmailing people. bennett saying that he never did that. exposes.d write next. these are just some details, ising the prize at the end the post office. we have african-american

observers being bemused by this. really, of course, we have the abolitionist. them says,me, one of of death on a pale horse. on the right-hand side, that gentleman represents most of us. next. once the whigs are elected, they are proclaiming the early death vocal-ism, and that was the term for extreme democrats who basically wanted no monetary government. so this monster creature, next, is the local monster, the demonic head. we have people standing around trying to figure out if the monster is truly dead or not.

-- there are various political candidates since jackson dresses a woman. it's not clear why the woman is if theto figure out villain is dead or not. and here are a number of descriptions. i don't know if they had prescriptions or not, but, next. there is the devil, of course, looking on. the globe newspaper. war, they usedf indian kills. these are all metaphors. and then in the street, next, as a used upsician

man, which was slogan to marginalize van buren and there sweepingn, presumably this out. anyway, next. later we have the folklorist triumph. the cartoonist cannot figure out why they are celebrating, making it ironic. there is musical accompaniment at the end. next. marginalized.more he has the weathervane. he was not particularly known for being a great forecaster. otherwise he would have gotten

his own reelection, but he flipped around on the issues. as i mentioned. he governed pretty much as a democrat and the person holding -- next -- the weathervane is it doesn't count if you are not going to be consistent with the wind or something like that. so he was more marginalized. polk, jackk course,d the first dark partme out of nowhere, in because he was at war with mexico. next. tyler is a more hysterical character.

he is in the background. buggye tyler leaving a with jackson's corpse in the back. burenepresents van retiring to his farm and, next the funeral was this course to the ramparts. that was a local focus him. next. , --so, they are mocking they are mocking the democrats. next. well, yourier says, think that there is a poet, but this is van buren on the cabbages. robert.tyler's son

next. as is often the case they are presenting commentary -- usually astute commentary. the democrat van buren and his next.es -- ok, another metaphor that is frequent in the 19th century is salt river. we have van buren trying to run .gain

he was defeated in running for and all these people are mocking him. next. him out trying to keep of the river. next. next. so, he is going to fall in the river. buren iss that van pretty well finished. next. have so muchld not detail. here we have van buren's son robert. he was a supporter of the irish repeal movement on the right.

those are the people trying to repeal the union between ireland and england. john tyler, the leader of the justl movement had released this on slavery. in the cartoon they are saying in deep withy were the irish leader, and it was unclear if he actually would. next. let's go through these quickly to wrap up. rachel? have -- there's a fairytale about a mountain giving birth. here it gives birth to the leaders. tyler is sitting there in a

and he saysis sword one of the things that tyler did that really angered the whigs that elected him was the return on the improvements plans. including the national bank. he got his nomination because of his support for the plan. faith inthe national mousetrap there, a that will catch all of them if they get too unpatriotic. next. next.

here we have the ballot box that has got cabbage on it. so, van buren is expected to retire. we have hold on the right. tyler is barely in the picture. next slide. tyler, that is his face on the bow of the boat. he is finished. the vice president with polk -- next. i think we will have this put through, but what we have on the tyler. on andt, we will go

placesppear in a lot of in these cartoons. next. texas. have we have sam houston and we have the politicians holding onto the rope. -- next.all for this welcome, texas. so we have clay and his running mates and all of these people, falling for this

cause to annex texas. next. and we have harrison in the this -- weighting have william lloyd garrison, of course, a prominent abolitionist and they, of course published the annexation. i think we can conclude this here, but the imagery of the presidency is always an afterthought. one of the things he did accomplish was he made it possible for the president to become president on the death of the vice president. that was not there.

asy referred to him president tyler, too, like he was an afterthought. >> thank you. bill is also the author of the popular press. is david fromnter augusta, university. the chair at the department of communication. author ofthe lincoln's center -- lincoln's sensor. he mediated journalism in the civil war. presentation is on the press tour.

>> thanks, jack. can everybody hear me. ulysses s grant was the head of the army in the civil war. and we are getting to the point. going.just keep sorry. >> there are some issues. this is awkward. >> there we go. the nation faced a major --

excuse me. that was different, too. after the contentious campaign of 1876 of his fellow republican beganford b hayes, grant a tour which is the subject of this. to -- withhe went his wife and son -- eventually he went to the middle east, russia, china, and japan. this was something he had long as they retired and he had the money to do it. tour wasrant on the

his wife and their son jesse. he was married to an englishman. party wasmber of the long-term -- a longtime grant supporter who wrote a book entitled around the world with general -- general grants. with a high covered .egree what i discovered was for the he was referred to as the former president. newspapers -- , heddition to this

called the friend of the carb -- common laborer. they tried to restore his reputation. grant returned to britain in september. a young native of ireland was set to accompany him.

it was supposed to compete with a circulation leader. .owever, the standard failed liverpool after journeying by steamer across the ocean. and there in liverpool grant reception at the customs house.

from liverpool, he went to manchester. he went to other industrial and they presented him .ith a photograph affiliationthe during the civil war due to the whichg of the south prevented southern american cotton from getting up to england. very well aware during the war of the sentiments of people, and also the sentiments of the large struggle . it was a great trial for us. for your expressions of sympathy, at that time, there

sympathy and if trust we will always feel that toward every part of england. large group, a including coal miners, tailors, saw that they brought american luminaries across the ocean and to the area to lecture before the civil war. "i haveld that crowd always advocated peace. through twoave gone advocated for war.

he traveled to london. there wererrived and huge crowds thronging the entrance to the station. grant gave a speech. one of the get-togethers included members of the british press. thedaily news, the world, daily telegraph, mayfair, as well as george washington -- the .ew york tributes and a major reporter of the civil war. remarked this is something to have survived a rebellion and have been twice chosen president of the united states, but he felt the climax of his career was reached when he found

right-hand of the heir apparent. letters --ond the the newspapers showed the route and he received the freedom of the city pre-much everywhere he went. toured scotland and said that he planned to stay for a year, .dding i have a special reason now.a private citizen

supported the policies and heident hayes defended his own policy. there was the memorial of robert burns and the palace where the british monarch stays in scotland. the problem was starkly different from the new york herald. they called the fawning europeans fools for their enthusiasm.

also accused of flunky journalism. they noticed that his taciturn was considered when he was about to light a cigar. the british magazine the spectator -- "the spectator" commented, it is certain grant was greeted not just as president, but as commander-in-chief. . great commander he was even an attractive one, that added to his fame in the united states for years.

the constitutional camp -- the presidential campaign with only settled a couple days before the election. senatorer pennsylvania cameron held that grant "will again take in his hand the government when the ship of state is going to destruction. this particular republican did not think his successor would be successful. paint himcles try to as being to calm. they noted that his party arrived in windsor castle too soon. the watertown newspaper also noted that he was in the oak

whicht st. george's hall is normally reserved for state occasions. victoria wanted to have close conversations with the president. the freedom of the city of was likened to napoleon the third, but never to an american. they were second to the new york herald. i feel that arted good system should exist for these people above all others. we are one kindred, one blood, when civilization.

these are the successful efforts of a man who helped rescue his country from the horrors of slavery. this is typical of the times stories. andt also visited inverness i don't think grant actually met him there. the newcastle journal -- they

, common again the same destiny and that had to be brilliant on the both sides. on september 22 -- 80,000 people -- included miners from 16 different minds. signs held bys of the various groups. general grant from arms to arts. they prompt unyielding

fortitude. the newcastle chronicle still exists. they returned to great britain in 1879. and back to western europe. grant went to court in the southern part of ireland. canceled his to date trip. calls for sympathy from the irish station.

they refused to fund the catholic schools claiming the separation of church and state. i want to conclude by saying the and of course -- the british are the same way. they claim to be independent and supported the idea of the third term for the president. there's very few news stories on these pages. the most important news story would be on the editorial page.

there were many more columns all across the daily basis for two and a half years. saw grantsn press reception as a validation. the british saw grant's truck around britain as an opportunity to pay homage. grant finally returned home. win thatfield would republicanhe national convention.

in volume one of around the world with general grant, this collegein most libraries. it should be stored somewhere. it made him a lot of money. thank you. -- i want toppy say thank you to rachel for pushing the buttons. that's it. >> i believe we have time for questions and comments. >> yes. >> for david, it can be argued that grant's single most popular

world, ing in the and time from after the war even after his death was the publication of this autobiography, which i think was the best-selling book other than the bible in the 19th century published by mark twain in the publishing house, i think the as huck finn, and the was really trying to get the autobiography.

we think of them as a short, , abby, not good speaker .ailure for most of his life you account this enormous difference with this extraordinary popularity from 1864 until his death and after his death until the way he was brought up today. >> i think he was well viewed. especially in newcastle. that is what got me interested

in this paper. it was not so much the military record. i think he is seen as a great liberator. remember, the british had ended slavery much earlier. there's a strong sentiment also because of his common roots. these people are especially in and they saw him as one of their own. they are beginning to be political. they were radical liberals.

it's interesting, too. they're always asking me whether he was a butcher or not in the final year of the war especially and i always say, yeah, you're talking about 750,000 people in the civil war and those battles in virginia which were god awful a year, year and a half. it's certainly not the only thing. grant had one. turn off had one. kinddn't have any of the

of rehabilitation that hamilton has had. it's that combination. and the fact that he is in some ways very american. i think americans -- i don't know. i think some americans kind of like that in the current resident. he's had a lot of failures. and yet he's been successful in a lot of ways. >> the talk you're talking about as originally intended to be much shorter talk. so they went around the world, all sorts of places. it was not just super famous in

england. it was the whole world was that is him in a manner hard to imagine. >> i think the other thing about , all he really wanted to do was write his horse and read. he didn't like marching around with all of this conformity stuff. him.'s something about it's around the world. i don't know. he could have run for president as many times as he wanted to. think he would have been

an important civil war figure. >> i just wanted to comment it cause --f the lost >> it's the southern aristocratic generals. it's in midwestern minnesota. so, i think that idea of grant as a butcher is part of that and it's really hard to shake. but i have a question for david about your images. was that a picture from the newspaper. some,t was the case for

but not all. grants being received by the queen or -- they were not accepted. there weren't any images. they did not seem to have too many images made. this is the only newspaper that has a trip. i didn't find anything in harper's. i did not find much online. i almost bet on him.

>> i appreciate the single book libraryon't tell the their problems with the book. .t's a really ornate cover they reported the damage. gone.ole classic cover is >> it's 150 years old. here.'t have one they are huge gutenberg looking things. >> there's a question in the comments. i can't read the comments very well. but someone asked.

the individual ones. they are all in the library of congress. llc.gov. details. incredible well-dressed woman. .he is walking issues that they don't know about anymore. there are others that we can't imagine from that time. the quality.with some of them are really detailed.

these pictures were not reproduced. was expensive for newspapers to reproduce images. we have the55 where illustrated newspaper. the places like harper's monthly , there these images you can buy where you can buy cartoons. is the same people, same images.

the artist could capitalize on either side. >> the ambassador to london that --eted grant on this trip it's illustrative of what a small circle grant had. question.a withincludes the interview the various leaders, including lee, causing controversy back home.

>> that is true. i consider this an early draft. they would talk about the political situation, but he preferred to talk more about the past. and i think that generally , grant saw the opposition military people in a fairly positive light. there's a little bit of the west .oint brotherhood going on here general, i think it's very interesting to see how newspapers and magazines in the

u.s. and the u.k. went through the mythologies of these civil war generals. ,he next 25 years after the war that is what is contributed to as strategist. tojack, do you have anything add as we close this panel up? zach? >> i hear music. on very happy to have been panel. grant, mcclellan, and hancock were all numbers of the

graduating class of west point in 1964. -- 1864. chaz but thank you for this excellent presentation on the presidents on the press. >> you are watching american history tv, every weekend on c-span3. c-span3,history tv on cabled by american television companies. >> saturday, on lectures in history, professor kathleen dumont teaches a class on the end of the american revolution in the 1783 treaty of paris. here is a preview. jaydams, franklin, and john

, who were part of the negotiating party, under the treaty they signed with france, they were not allowed to make a separate peace with great was notand france make its own agreement, so the americans felt they were being held hostage, and they realized the best term for the united states would be -- despite the alliance with france -- , they signed it on december 2, 17 83. the british commissioners refused to sit. they were done with the revolutionist.

they only had the u.s. commissioners. the foreign minister was appalled at this betrayal. he thought that if he made too , he would tryt it to keep the french-u.s. relationship trumps. >> learn about the treaty of at 8 p.m.rday eastern, 5 p.m. pacific on american history tv. >> this is american history tv on c-span3, where each weekend we feature 48 hours of programming exploring our nation's past.

>> next on "history bookshelf," john shaw talks about his book ."ising star, setting sun fromcounts the period kennedy's election to his january 20, on 1961. barnes & noble and carbondale hosted this event in 2018. >> what i'd like to do is talk about this , my "rising star, setting sun" and do it by birth -- telling you a bit of the back first story of how i came to write it and secondly, just some