new saw them go into export markets and investing in atrent usships and doing everything this company is supporting and we want to back many more firms doing that. but people in derby hire who want to see another year of a council tax freeze need a vote very carefully on may 2. >> joan walley? >> will the prime minister give careful consideration to the recommendations of the nvironmental report on pesticides and will he on monday of next week give his government's backing to the european commission's proposed moratorium on the use of three neonicotinoids? >> i will look very carefully at what the honorable lady says. i am the live patron of the oxfordhire bee keepers association. i have i think been neglects my

duties i haven't been able to give her a better answer today but i know how important this issue is. if we don't look after our bee populations, very serious consequences will follow. >> dr. julian huppert? >> thank you very much, mr. speaker. today sees the publication of the all-party cycling group's report get britain cycling which calls for leadership of the very top of this issue. will the prime minister look at the report? will he make sure he produces a cross department action plan and give his personal commitment to leadership to get britain cycling? >> members have order. members on both sides are very discourteous to the good doctor. i can't fathom why, whenever i call the good doctor there are groans and it is very unsatisfactoryry. >> i don't always agree with what the honorable gentleman says but on this occasion he is absolutely right and the house should heed what he says. we should be doing much more in our country to encourage cycling. i think the report has many good points in it. i would commend what the mayor of london has done in london to

promote cycling and i hope local authorities can follow his lead in making sure that we do more. >> barry gardiner? >> can the prime minister tell the house whether the deep shade of red that he turned when asked the question by the ogmore on ember of whether he had been consulted on the appointment of tanni grey-thompson was actually in place of the answer yes? >> we have an excellent head of sport england and sport u.k. and that is what matters and meese are decisions of the secretary of state and is important she takes them. >> last but not least, stephen metcalfe? >> does the prime minister agree you do not solve a debt crisis by borrowing more and that for the party to have any credibility, they need to acknowledge the mess they made, apologize to my constituents, nd just say sorry?

>> my honorable friend is absolutely right on this side of the house, we know we have to get borrowing down. and frankly, in the last week, what we've seen is the right honorable gentleman in his true colors, two weak to stand up to the benches on welfare, too weak to stand up for the trade unions on just about anything. it is a week in which he said goodbye to david miliband and hell to george galloway. no wonder tony blair said they are fellow travelers, not leaders. he was absolutely right. >> order! >> you've been watching prime minister's questions from the british house of commons. question time airs live on c chance 2 this wednesday at 7:00 a.m. eastern when the house of commons is in session. and again on sunday nights at 9:00 p.m. eastern and pacific on c-span. watch any time on c-span.org to

find video of past prime minister's questions and other british public affairs programs. >> in a recent address to the european parliament, irish president michael higgins talks about challenges facing the european unions economy. he mentioned unemployment, credit rating agencies, and the overall credibility of the e.u. ireland currently hold the six month retating presidency of the european union. this is had a half-hour. >> the president of ireland. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, i would invite you to please take our seats.

>> your headphone on the right. >> ladies and gentlemen, it is a great honor to welcome the president of the republic of ireland, mr. higgins. a very warm welcome to you, mr. president, and to the european parliament. [applause] 3 >> esteemed colleagues, mr. miggins -- mr. higgins will be addressing us, but before i give him the floor, it is a articular pleasure for me to welcome on the public tribute the grand duke of luxembourg and his wife, a very warm elcome to them, too. it was applause

[applause] >> i am equally delighted that xt to them on the public gallery seat we have mr. higgins' spouse, a very warm welcome to you, too, in the european parliament. ladies and gentlemen, i'd now like to give the floor to the president of ireland, mr. higgins. president, members of the european parliament,

commissioner and queen, i am delighted, and i would like to thank you all for the opportunity to speak to this assembly today, where representatives of the cs elected democratically and directly from the 27, soon to be 28-member states are present. >> commissioner quinn, may i thank you for giving me the opportunity of addressing this assembly which brings together the democratically elected representatives of the citizens of the 27 member states, soon to be 28, of the european union. i address you here as president of ireland, an ireland that has always been connected to matters european, a country that has always looked outward to people with a very strong connection with the learning of

europe in all its from ancient times and a nation which has valued the european vocation, to every century into the present when ireland holds for the seventh time the rotating presidency of the consulate ministers in our 40th year of membership of the union. be it our ancient dealting connections and connection with the european scholarship, are in our consistent support for european unity, we irish have been european in our cocis and commitment. europe has always had an existence in the irish mind, in our own gaelic language, the mythic stories of europe have always been present, and se of our modern plays recall the use that was made of the classical sources of greek and roman myths in the gaelic head schools that preceded the widespread use of the english

language in ireland. theangue at preceded english had been deeply influenced by ancient european myths, particularly the great myths of sea and exile, such as that of homer's odyssey and in the areas of literature, of course the peoples of europe have had an old and enduring sense of respect for what is aultul diversity, frequently drawn from a shared sense of myth. it was, however, in the tasks of the mind and the spirit the irish sought to make their greatest contribution. as it in july 1950 the then irish prime minister john a. costello, together with the irish minister and later nobel prize laureate, founding member shawn mcbride traveled too officially celebrate the 1,400th anniversary of the birth of one of the greatest

irish and european scholars, collin banners. nuscript illumation and communities right across europe stretching from the north of ireland to bobio, where columbus actually died. and it is to the spirit of citizenship then as it might be at the european level as might motivate europeans who want to to the two words european and union a sense of fulfillment and of human flourishing that i wish to speak in this year that has been dedicated as european year of citizens. but just one more word about that meeting in july of 1950, no more than some meetings of the contemporary pts real agenda was not as publicly indicated, it was declared to about that meeting in

1950, it is said some meetings of the contemporary period which i will not speak, its real agenda was not as publicly indicated, it was declared to france at for the the time to be pope john 23 was present as was the bishop of bobio but we know from the work of the distinguished scholar of mary dubois, and linguister that the meeting was really organized to facilitate a meeting of robert shuman, the foreign minister of france from like minded honors from a number of union even countries anxious to hear and test his great idea for the coming together of the countries of

europe. shuman who was aware of ireland's monastic efforts reached back to offer the opinion that columbus should be the patron saint of all those who now seek to build a united europe. and that shuman meeting and the others which followed it assisted by jean monet was responding to near and terrible events that we should never forget and i emphasize it today that in their response at that meeting, they recognized the immense value and the druin, the rich scholarship of philosophy, moral instincts and the general impasses of europe even toll as they sought not just to replace war with peace, but more importantly to construct a vision of europe's people working together in an

inclusive way. it was not just any abstract construction, it was a l oposal drawn from the head and memory and experience, propelled by the heart and it united economy and ethics in exasperation for a common shared europe. but yet the inspiration and achievementsth founders of the european union, we inherited the legacy cannot be taken for granted. today citizens in europe are threatened with an unconscious drift to disharmony, a loss of social cohesion. a recurrence of racism and an increasing deficit of democratic accountability in some decisionmaking of an economic and fiscal kind. these threatening clouds hang over a europe that in more hopeful times had chosen to

base its anthem rather than anything contemporary on schiller's p "ode to joy" and the musical setting by ludwick van beethoven in his ninth symphony. parliaments matter. parliaments must continue to matter. centuries of effort have been invested by european citizens in securing the vote, for example, in extending the vote, and it is to parliament citizens look for accountability, for strategical lternatives. and if the european parliament were to lose the capacity to deliver accountability, where lse might it be found. ? is there an alternative that can meet the requirements of a deliberative democracy? i believe not. but i believe parliaments must draw on the resources of experience, of inherited

intellectual capacity, in all its diversity, and from above all,m the best of contemporary intellectual work, and they must do so in a pluralist way. i am conscious as a european citizen that as parliamentarians, you are the elected component of the european union, elected by citizens from your diverse electorates within the same few days, and i want to wish you well in all your deliberations together and with other institutions of the union, and particularly in your dialogue which are electorate, the citizens of europe. they, the citizens, place their trust in parliament when they vote, and they rightly have expectations of parliaments responding to their needs. i very much welcome the increase in influence and decisionmaking powers that the european parliament has won in relation for example to the

multiannual budgeting process. it was a power that the parliament did not have when i visited here as minister, as president of the council of culture of ministers in 1996. and i wish you well in discharging that responsibility on behalf of the citizens of europe. but how would the founders of the european union respond to our present circumstances, one might ask? we know how hard the institutions, including this one, have worked to overcome the most serious economic crisis the union has faced since its foundation. how they have struggled to match the speed of their reaction to the ferocity of its onslaught and the onslaught that comes at times from sources that are not accountable at all. we cannot ignore the fact that european citizens are suffering the consequences of actions and opinions of parties such as

racing agencies which unlike parliaments are simply unaccountable. many of our citizens in europe regard their response to the crisis in their lives as desperate, sometimes delayed, not equal to the urgency of the sk of showing and often of not showing solidarity with them in their threatened or actual economic circumstances of today. they feel that in general terms, the economic narrative of recent years has been driven by dry technical concerns. for example, by calculations that are abstract and not drawn from real probleuch as unemployment, geared primarily by a consideration of the impact of such measures on speculative markets, rather than driven by sufficient compassion and empathy withhe

predicament of european citizens who are, after all, together members of the union and from whom all the resources of europe's capacity, political, social, economic and intellectual might have been drawn upon if it had been driven by the binding moral spirit of the union. in facing up to the challenges europe currently faces, particularly in relation to unemployment, we cannot afford to place our singular, sole trust in a single hedge momic model to the exclusion of other models that might engage best our problems such as unemployment, by critically accepting solely and exclusively a version of economic theory whose assumptions are narrow and intellectually questionable and largely indifferent to social consequences in terms of their

outcomes. rather than any discourse that might define the european union simply an economic space of consternation between the strong and the weak, our citizens yearn for the language of solidarity, a commitment to cohesion, for a generous and inclusive rhetoric that is appropriate to an evolving political union, a union anxious to reach a future of peace, prosperity, inclusion, intergenerational justice in a sustainable way. and this is a serious challenge, not least because if we were to fail, we run the risk of an economic crisis leading to a crisis of legitimacy for the union, a union that aftou will in its founding treaties is fundamentally founded on values, values such as respect for personal dignity, freedom, democracy, quality, the rule of

law, and respect for human rights. and the union draws its legitimacy from the support of its citizens, that connection with the citizens, their belief that the european union is fundamental. without it, we are adrift and tizens need an appeal to their heart and as well as their reason. they need reassurances now that this union will keep faith with its founding treaties. it is very many, the law declared europe need a soul but remains just as true, we must not forget we are the inheriters of a profound set of values, greek democracy, the law, the judeo-christian tradition, the enlightenment, the great democratic revolution that began in france. rope imore than economic

space in which our citizens are invited or required to deliver up their lives and service in an abstract model of economy and society whose core assumptions they assume not to question are put to the democratic test in elections. as we face into the future, we need to draw strength from those founding values of the union, values that include cohesion and solidarity, among member states, among the citizens of our union, and between the european union and the rest of the world. we need to work together to apply ourselves to building a better future together. as jack delauro also said of this present crisis, europe does not just need firefighters, it needs architects, too. and a first and urgent test must be to get europe back to sustainable employment and a

return to real growth. there is nothing moreorve society and more crushing to the person than endemic unemployment, particularly among the young. with 26 million people across he union without work, 5.7 million young people, 115 million people in our union at risk of poverty and social exclusion. we simply cannot allow this to continue. an irish presidencies have always drawn practically fm the spirit of the founding treaties and the irish presidency has therefore put job creation at the top of its agenda. and the european council has agreed addressing unemployment is the most important social challenge we face. at least month's social summit, mr. president, rightly, you warned of the repercussions of the spread of unemployment and

poverty across the union. however, i c treement reached i european council in february on the youth employment initiative, and a subsequent proposal from the commission to make it operational by the start of next year. the matter is urgent and i also welcome the agreement reached in the council on the guarantee we ensure all young people under the age of 25 a good quality for employment, education, apprenticeship or training within four months of being unemployed. but we need to do more. we need tensure that women participate in the workplace as equals, that older workers are not left on the sidelines and that the long-term unemployed are fully equiped to find their way back into today's workplace. but must, above all, ensure that for all these european citizens that our laws of employment do not lead to exclusion of participation, particularly in the culture of space of one's own community.

and we need also to consider to encourage people to create jobs. we need to value and support our small and medium business enterprise, the lifeblood of so many communities. we need to sustain 240es who want to create opportunity for themselves and for others. we need to encourage creativity , innovation, entrepreneurship. a generous vision of europe is of course not one that looks solely inwards. the european model has inspired many others on their journey to peace and democratic institutions. and while its light may not have dabbled so brightly in recent years, europe can yet to be a beacon of hope and encouragement for many less fortunate people in the world and can lead, for example, by speaking with the unified voice on climate change, recognizing those least contributing to our global problem are paying the highest price, even as i speak and we meet today, europe already is of course the

largest donor in the fight against hunger and in the efforts of scaling of nutrition. and that is something europe can build on. so how the european union engages with the rest of the world is a major test of its authority and credibility. will the union allow its current economic difficulties to undermine its commitment on the great global challenges of our day, hunger, poverty, human rights, climate, justice? i hope not. will we reaffirm, rather, the general idealism at the heart of the european vision rededicate ourselves to attacking these problems in solidarity with our partier ins? i hope we do. indeed, how theyry place our goals and respect our diversity and recognize different parts to development and have human rights at their center will be a major test not only for europe but for the global community. i believe that a european union

that has the courage to face its past, including its darker periods of empire, with honesty and its future with the commitment of values that are inclusive of all humanity, with a discourse of respect of diversity has a profound contribution to make not only to its own citizens in europe but to the global community. it can give a lead in creating formal global cooperation that recognizes inner generational responsibilities. such an integrated discourse might allow for this to happen, i say frankly is missing just now. the prevailing narrative seems to be tracked intellectually -- [applause] >> the prevailing narrative seems to be packed intellectually in a structure

of port whichpp u to challenge for which it seems unable or at times unwilling to escape our exit. in the absence of considering, however, other possible models or approaches. we are in danger now of drifting into and sustaining a kind of moral and intellectual impetus, and yes, we have available to us, i repeat again, a rich legacy of intellectual, radical work of which to draw from the past and in the contemporary yorlede. there are in our -- world. there are in our shared heritage so much we can drop and let us remember in the energetic pursuit of new thought, for example, characterized the european enlightenment, itself formed from the part of other ancient enlightenments, there are some powerful examples of dissident and radical issue.

let us not forget the singular example of dissidents in their time, and in their times identified the flow and enlightenment thinking that supported empire with its insatiable drive and they courageously challenged it through their books, pamphlets and public expression, the logical strand of economics which today holds sway and stands as a single hegomonic theory of not only in europe is the flaw of our times. the strand of near classical conomics -- [applause] >> the strand of economics is of course useful for limited and defined task. it is insufficient, however, as an approach for our problems and our future, we need new substantive political models

and a discourse to deliver them. and i suggest that this is possible. because the dominating model and method defines not only discourse, but policy options, there is an urgent need now for new models of connection between economies, society and policy. they're essential for general wine choices in policy, not a speech of democratic accountability and relevance to our contemporary problems. and if we are to address the current challenges as european parliamentarians, i encourage you to let these new models into the european discourse, give them space in the committee structure of your parliament and the institutional structure of the union. but tev discourse, the role of public intellectuals is all as one and called upon, i suggest, to state publicly and unequivocally, the problems of

europe are not simply technical and certainly not solely amenable tsoluon by techno the suggestion that the citizens and their representatives are not fiscally or economically literate to make the decisions necessary for policies that impinge on their lives. t has the most serious implications. it is an assumption that challenges a democracy itself. if used as a substitute at society at stake. loses its connection to history and it lackshe moral connect

with the ethics of solidarity that we now need. it will help us face our paren challenges. as the great project it is and an be, the strong intellectual heritage and the capacity of the people of europe. it is a fully authentic union if it is characterized by solidarity. if our european union and it is not of this authentic character just now, it must be made so to changes in commitment. the idealism, the intellectual strength and the courage that drove the founding fathers of the union. if we were to look at an

alternative to regard our people dependent vary yubbles on ranging agencies. indeed, found to be fallible on so many occasion, instead of being citizens we would be reduced to mere consumer. prongs in a chess board of fiscal moves. [applause] in a game derived from assumptions set out we have asums -- assumptions that are weakened and frequently undeclared. so ahat our decisions be rm ma tive rather than demetic. it is to defend and deepen

democracy. i want to make clear, that i believe if it is meant, i believe in the utility of so many areas. owever, i believe if its methods are substitute for the integrated scholarship that we now need to address the context of our current challenges. a reliance on demotic democratic ld be -- approach. i believe the citizens of europe yearn for beyond the fear of present circumstances as strategy that draws on the research scholarship, of all the social sciences and ethics of

philosophy is required. embers of parliament, from the streets to our kern problems, from our fears and our aspirations, i hope will eamerican a tapestry of many different colors an in its dishonor for what it may endure and the human spirit has invested with home. whether it is made out of wondrous reason or with a prayer, it will not matter in the end. what matters it is be the work of us all working together in cooperation and open to the world carrying for it in an intergenerationally responsible way. bracing all of our people as equal citizens. so the citizens who want to make

a real union together, come out of the dark and into the light and achieve something great. thank you. [applause] >> thank you very much.

for your wonderful speech. i don't know if every member of the house agrees with every time you -- with everything that you id, i doubt they did but i listened with enthusiasm. one thing i can assure you of, ireland is a lucky cub to have such a wonderful head of state who made such a wonderful speech. ou have given us encouragement thank you. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] >> tomorrow on c-span. u.s. senate chaplain berry black talks about religious freedom.

he was eleed as senate chaplain in 2003 and is the first african american to hold that office. then defense secretary chuck hagel holds a joint press conference with the japanese defense minister. martin dempsey japan's of las talk strategy. korea's >> if you're trying to generate a government and you're looking r new ways to generate new avenues silicon valley has the answers. then from an entrepreneur stand point, how is entrepreneurship different in silicon valley than other places, which it is?

often it is based on failure and awarding from one's experiences but it also recou zes pross to adopt other people's ideas or you might have the next idea for the next big thing. ut there's an authenticity accepting no matter who you are. f.b.i. former investigator david williams talks about f.b.i.'s role in the boston bombings. later british prime minister david cameron. >> david williams is our guest. he's a former f.b.i. investigator. host: 01 to get your insight on the fbi's role in the boston bombing case.

looking at whether or not he had terror training overseas. what is the fbi's role in tracking a suspect like this and they travel overseas? guest: the fbi leads counterterrorism investigations and all the tentacles attached to it. the fbi does have some -- there are a number of legal attache offices in various countries throughout the world. they work with the host country law enforcement and counter-terrorism services, never alone, to run down leads that are necessary for successful prosecution. the work being done overseas will be led by the fbi because they are leading the investigation. there will be linkages with other agencies overseas as well to try very hard to get to the bottom of what is going on verseas. >> we saw that the fbi

theroer and did not find enough evidence to keep watching. what kind of evidence with the fbi look for if an alarm is raised, and how did they put someone essentially off their watch? guest: that is a question that was raised from the beginning of the investigation and continues to this day. the fbi was alerted to the presence of tamerlan tsarnaev and the fact that he was moving toward more radical postures, if you will. that information came from an agency in the government of russia. there has been speculation that t came from the russian fsb, but the fbi has never said specifically that it came from the fsb. a decision is made, should we launch an investigation? that decision was clearly affirmative, yes we should, but what kind? the fbi is governed by a series

of different kinds of nvestigations. following watergate about a zillion years ago, the fbi was uncovered by a series of guidelines that determine what the fbi can do in the various stages of investigation. those guidelines were greatly reduced or lessened, the cumbersome as of it was made easier:9/11. there are three different types f investigation. the fact that can determine how much reasonable suspicion of a threat is attached to the placement in each of these three categories, and there are tools available in each category that are not available in the others. there is also, because of the fact that this may have come from a law-enforcement agency or law-enforcement data, that the

fbi may have opened a foreign police cooperation case, which follows the same guidelines of what can and cannot be done. host: david wu of the ems is retired now but he led the counter-terrorism branch of the washington, d.c field office. his experience includes serving in a leadership role following a domestic terrorist attack in klahoma city back in 1995. the task force was formed in the aftermath of a 1993 terrorist bombing of the world trade center in new york city. we are looking at the fbi role in the boston bombing. the cia was also contacted by russia.

how did the fbi and cia work together, or how they work in different streams? guest: the cia's primary domain is overseas. the fbi is an intelligence organization, while the cia has no law enforcement powers at all. that having been said, there is clearly a great deal of overlap of interest, and there is a great deal of communication between the two agencies. there is cross pollination of staff at headquarters and in the field offices to some extent, and there is a great deal of open communication, and it needs to be that way. host: how formal is that communication? guest: >> some of it is very ormal. the people actually sit next to each other in many cases and very informally talk about

events as they come up day to day. within the counter-terrorism division of the fbi, there is cia representation, and likewise there are at the night staff in the cia counter-terrorism enter. host: the code the database for us. guest: that is probably the strangest acronym i have heard in my life. it is a database that is to cover terrorism. it is administered by the national counter-terrorism center and logs all the identities of people with any suspicion relative to terrorist the dignity. i have heard it described as the white pages of data. the no-fly list comes out of that for the terrace streaming data base.

it is kind of a percolating effect to go from a widespread, a general suspicion, possible suspicion, alert suspicion, if you will, to saying this person is not going to fly in an aircraft.: wh are the criteria? guest: there are seven criteria and they are all very distinct. they all have to do with what is known -- to events that might lead up to terrorism support. that is what they all are. host: we can look at some of those on our screen as we continue to hear from our guest, dave williams. gathering information on potential targets, soliciting funds or membership and providing material support like training, and if they represent a foreign terrorist organization. guest: those things are based on

reasonable suspicion that you were involved in one of those activities. the last i heard was 740,000 names on the list, but it varies back and forth. some of these people have aliases. there are about 500,000 people on the list. host: how workable is that number? that sounds like a large number. how are those individuals -- i don't want to use the word theyited or tracked, or is it more of a stopgap to see if they come to the united states are not? guest: if the name comes up in a future matter, you can ping it and see what has been brought to the for about this person

previously, and you can make a decision of what type of investigation, if any, is necessary. host: let's go to the phones and hear from james in indiana on the democrat line. caller: my question is, the russians have helped us. hey have sent us information about one of these individuals who did the boston bombing. does this show a warming between the soviet union and the united states intelligence agencies echo or is it something we -- that has been going on for some time, that we have been sharing information all along? guest: there is some level of sharing on many different things. i will not get into the department of state territory here and state policy, but there is some areas that we can

communicate with and cooperate with the russians services, and we do. he united states does. host: brad in pennsylvania, republican caller. caller: i had a question about the older brother in the bombing. how was he allowed to stay in the united states if he threw up red flags? guest: he drew up the red light when he came in. the fbi conducted what i have been able to determine was a pretty thorough investigation of him and found nothing. there were a number of interviews done with his friends and associates, and with him himself. nothing indicated he was involved in terrorist activities at that time and the investigation was closed. after the investigation was closed, there's no further work done on that matter. i think the investigation was quite thorough. t that point, if you notice --

we have an uncle that says he ecame different in about 2009, but he had not done anything, anhis friends and relatives were very supportive. the body of associates for tamerlan was somewhat narrower than it was for the surviving brother, dzhokhar. he appears to be more and outgoing and personable, and tamerlan was quoted by his friendsand associates as having that he never met a close friend or so sit in the united states. so the people that really had insight into him were much more limited. based on where we were on e reasonable suspicion that came from the notification of the russians, that takes the fbi right to the barrier of what can be done.

it cannot just go out and pick people up off the street because we have some information that they might of been radicalized. no one had said he was involved in any illegal activities at hat point. host: what are tripwires? guest: those are the things that grow up flags as to what is going on. when you see people undergoing military type training out in the woods, as we did with the group from virginia some years ago, that is what we call a clue, and those clues are tripwires, and they can trigger attention. if it turns out your involved in things that reque greater tension, that is forthcoming as well. host: the type of trip wires in place have shifted over the years. back in the 1990's, it was more about fertilizer based bombs.

uest: we have seen a great increase in liquid-based bombs. we have seen homemade explosives. we have seen a prominent individual group, al qaeda representatives have published an online magazine where early on they put out recipes of how to build a homemade explosive, how to build an improvised explosive devices. i like the term bomb better. those things are available out there. host: do you have to be a u.s. citizen or on u.s. soil for the fbi to have the authority to investigate you echo guest: you don't have to be a u.s. citizen to be investigated by the fbi. we welcome and all.

we will investigate anybody in this country that comes to our attention that is within our wh a reasonable suspicion raised to the point that we can do something. citizenship has nothing to do with it. we do have guidelines, and some -- i think that are workable. there are much better than they once were. when the guidelines for first brought to the fore, it was pretty tough to get anything done. in those days, the fbi could not surf the net, much as the rear of the person the world does. host: on the democrats' line, ood morning. jamefrom n york, independent r. caller: recently i heard on the news that they were reopening the investigation of -- i cannot pronounces name, tamerlan, the bomber that was killed.

reopening the investigation in boston because his three best friends were killed. i believe it was about the time when the fbi was investigating, and i think, david, yowe mentioning that part of the investigation had to do was questioning his friends. i am just wondering if it is plausible that perhaps these three -- these three friends might have known something that could be part of the investigation. guest: i am not aware that tamerlan's three best friends for killed. i have not seen that media article. would it be possible that there were a criminal conspiracy somewhere out there to silence potential witnesses? that has happened in the entire law enforcement scheme. i don't know that that has happened here. the investigation on tamerlane has obviously not been open, he is deceased.

the investigation continues relative to dzhokhar and expands from that to include any other ibcopito. host: the weekly roundup of the worst week in washington. he says it goes to the fbi both for questioning tamerlan tsarnaev back in 2011 but not pursuing the matter further, and also for arresting the ricin letter suspect and releasing him, and now have made a second rrest. itself that fair? guest: no, that is not fair. there is little that the fbi could have done under the guidelines against tamerlan when they closed the case. when information came in later, and senator graham said the fbi never got this information, tamerlan had gone back to russia and then return to the united states. that may well have triggered a real initiation of the case.

according to senator graham's statement on the media, that did not happen. host: and then we also saw the ricin suspects. guest: i am glad you brought that up. that has not received nearly the amount of media attention as the other. there was bountiful probable cause to. to him. the courts were faced with a dilemma. you have an individual who at that point was an unknown suspect, who in fact had done a very heinous crime. he had sent ricin to the president of the united states and a senator and a retired judge. you have a very dangerous reature out there. the continuing investigation.

pointed away from that individual and to a second person. as you would do with good conscience, you release the first person, drop the charges, and pursue the second, and that person was arrested yesterday. everything was done properly there. >> we are seeing an image from the new york post and here is a story from the washington post. it shows us the man who has been arrested and says that he was feuding with the first suspect. >> that has been out in the media. these people apparently have been going back and forth at each other for bit. it does little to lead to evidence, but it does. to some suspicions coming from the first arrestee toward the second arrestee.

caller: i was just wondering, my question had to do with the three friends of tamerlan. so that was it. host: let's go to harry in cambridge, mass. on the republican line. caller: thank you for taking my all. are we dropping the ball, when we have it cia and the fbi, so many departments working to keep us safe, but not sharing information. we add one layer of bureaucracy like homeland security. what should we learn from that, by not sharing information, all we are doing is adding that layer of bureaucracy. what do you think? guest: part of the reason for the expanded information sharing is in fact that there are more funds available to build those data systems that can interconnect data and do

that. i think that is a good thing. the the part of homeland security came after 9/11 and was formed to amalgamate 22 agencies in that area to work better and work closely together. there has been criticism in the media that perhaps the department of homeland security is sans mission. i think secretary napolitano and her predecessors fill the role of bringing these things together and making sure it does happen. host: nancy in connecticut on the democrats' line. caller: i am in the hartford rea. the first question is, in terms of this communication issue, i wonder how grounded the communication of these agencies

s in the public. if this is driving around with friends that have a license plate that says terror is number one, that would be alarming to me as a neighbor. i would bring the local police attention to it. is there some way that can reach the fbi? f a neighborhood can see problems, how the where are these agencies, or have much connection is there with the local ground people like myself. guest: special agents of the fbi are out in the community all the time. they are out interfacing with people on a day-to-day basis. that information can be brought to any law enforcement agency. the police departments and almost every major city are tied

into the fbi through what is known as the joint terrorism task force. it started in new york in 1980 and brings together full-time representatives of the involved agencies, which almost always includes the local police departments. those officers are treated exactly like special agents of the fbi. they are given the opportunity to develop human sources within the community and they are able to do everything else an fbi special agent does to include travel overseas with the fbi and work over there. host: russian authorities secretly recorded telephone conversation in 2011 and which one of the boston bombing suspects vaguely discussed jihad with his mother. in another conversation, the mother of a now dead bombing

suspect tamerlan tsarnaev was recorded talking to someone in southern russia who is under fbi investigation in an unrelated case. the conversations are significant because there might have been enough evidence for the fbi to initiate a more thorough investigation of the tsarnaev family. guest: i read those articles, and i always wonder about everything that is coming from a source, the validity of it. we have seen some law enforcement forces that have been well off the mark. if that is the case, that would possibly serve as the predicate for the russian service to reach out to the fbi and later for the central intelligence agency. does the fsb run wiretaps? i am sure they do. i have no doubt about that. that had a continuing problem that resulted in some horrific crimes of terror.

the school massacre, the moscow theatre massacre, where hundreds of people were killed. it was just horrible. could that information, if it had been supplied, allow the fbi to go to a higher level investigation? that would be a decision that was made at the field office by the special agent in charge and his staff as to whether, based on all the facts, that we could elevate the case to a full investigation or something of that nature. host: in the 1960's, fbi agents infiltrated radical groups. have they done the same with muslim groups? guest: i like the word infiltrate and the words muslim groups. we do not go after anybody simply because they follow islam. there are people in this country that practice every religion under the sun, and nobody is

investigated because of their practice of religion. we investigate individuals who raced to the level of reasonable suspicion, whether they are or are not a member of a particular group. the investigation focuses on the eople. it has nothing to do with the religion. host: bloomberg has the story from last week. back in 2006, a disaffected 22-wrote chechen spent 18 months trolling radical website eventually getting invited into private on-line forums where he atched bomb making videos. giving some insight into one identity that was created in order to gain trust and

information. guest: that would be a network undercover operation that would be covered under the same rules for all undercover perations. if you can get into those groups, you can find out a lot. there has been a lot done on the rea of radicalization. what is the role of the internet in radicalization? there has been some incredibly interesting works done in this matter on the role of al qaeda in the united states and in the world. are we looking at al qaeda central as our primary enemy, or are we looking at the age hottest movement echo he talks about the radicalization of these people and recruit into terrorist cells.

he has done this for a lot of interviews with people. i find him to be quite interesting. i do not agree that al qaeda central is defunct, as some of his critics have said that he says. that is another problem as well. we look at what happened in boston, and i don't see the earmarks of al qaeda central. what i do see is a problem with the growing jihadist movement, i ill say. caller: i heard a reporter said that he may be eligible for the death penalty. when gaby gifford was shot, they caught the guy. why isn't the death penalty put

in place sooner than 20 years? guest: the death penalty there is a great deal of repeal review that goes into cases, far more when a person is convicted and sentenced to death. people want to be as sure as possible of guilt and the extent of the guilt and how it ties into the statutes and where we go before we put anybody to death. death penalty cases generally do linger several years between adjudication and sentence. host: our guest this week on news makers told our panel he has some questions about the boston marathon bombing. [video clip] it appears at first glance a result the sharing of information that we would hope would happen in a post 9/11 world.

they did not coordinate to the degree that they should have. we want to figure out where did the coronation happen? it is worth examining how these few individuals, particularly the older brother, were radicalized. what influences pushed him in this direction? the one thing i will say, remember when we were talking about the underwear bomber in detroit. i ask, how come you did not see this guy, his father went to the embassy in nigeria. it is like trying to find a eedle in a needle stack. host: you contest that interview right after "washington journal" today at 10:00 a.m. eastern time and it also repairs at 6:00 p.m. this evening. dave williams, how will these questions be answered?

guest: i mentioned earlier that the fbi had stated they were unaware of the return to the united states, and the departure from the united states of tamerlan tsarnaev. janet napolitano said in fact, on his return, the fbi case had been closed, so nothing further happen. we have to always look at these things in and after action report, if you will. it is best we do it in a non-political matter to try to get to the bottom of it. are there still gaps in the sharing environment that can be fixed? if so, we fix them. it is as simple as that. you have to look at these things with an open mind. host: our guest is david illiams. he was an f.b.i. investigator. he played significant roles nvestigations including oak,

-- oklahoma city back inhe also led the fbi headquarters 1995. task force that was formed after the 1993 terrorist bombing of the world trade center in york ity. he has worked overseas in saudi arabia and led the counter-terrorism branch of the washington, d.c field office. our next caller is from new york, republican. caller: first of all, thank you very much for your service. one particular aspect of the story that is squelched by the media, do you know who is responsible for sending the judge into mirandize the risoner? i wonder how much bible information was lost when he was told to stop talking? guest: there is nobody in the

u.s. department of justice that tells the judge to do nything. if the judge felt that she should still mirandize him, which is, by the way, the norm, then she will do that. would the granting him a miranda warning cause him to stop talking? if you'll notice from the beginning of this, we have seen a lot come to the four from "law nforcement sources. i have no idea whether dzhokhar tsarnaev is continuing to talk or whether he is not, and i do not have any idea other than through leaks as to what he has said. host: as the manhunt was going on, authorities went through watertown, mass., and they searched homes, having people

come out of their homes as they looked for the suspect. what are the rules in terms of the constitutionality? is this going in without a warrant? guest: generally, you ask people, we want to search your home because we have a real public safety issue. we have at least one guy running around with ied's, and we want to search to make sure you are k. it would take someone who is an idiot or summon him as a meth factory in their house not to want to let them in. the police are very understanding. they do alogical fugitive search and they are on to the next one. host: glenda in kentucky on the democrats' line. caller: i want to thank you for your service also.

the think that sometimes there s way too much media attention given to terrorist suspects or terrorists in general before they are caught? and the sharing of information between law enforcement, the overlaps that you were talking about before. does that slow the investigation down? t seems like it would. guest: the overlap speeds the investigation because you are able to get the best information from your partners in the counter-terrorism community as you go forward. you don't have to reinvent the wheel each time ago to a new agency, so that speeds the investigation. everybody likes to bash the media. it is not the media that shows great interest in the boston bombing, it is the american people.

the media serves that role, to inform the american people as best they can. host: deborah from indiana, epublican. aller: other people have brought up a concern about a over-up. guest: it has become almost impossible to do a cover-up even if you wanted to do one because of leakage of information. number two, if in fact the explosion west, texas turns out to be a criminal act, you can be certain it will come out. there will be a criminal prosecution that would follow. host: is that the justification fort database in and logging all phone calls and text of regular people?

guest: some of the boundaries are classified and some are pen. the things that are able to be done are done in accordance with the president's authority relative to national security. it comes down through that foreign intelligence surveillance court as to what is uthorized. is not to be discussed in public, obviously. caller: mr. williams, i feel for the victims up in boston and the amage that was caused. obviously they would be looking for another 9/11 type target. are there circumstances controlled by the government system and the court system by which the fbi bge if they get information or highly suspect that somebody is going to cause

serious damage, or let's say some type of event in new york or major city that would destroy the lives of many, many people, are there circumstances that we could waterboard an individual that you know has information and get that information to prevent all of that damage? guest: that we start with waterboarding. the fbi does not, has not, and will not be doing any waterboarding. the united states has decreed there will be no further waterboarding in the united tates. he answer is legally no. host: west virginia, theresa, democrat. go ahead. caller: my question is, just

exactly what does homeland security do? did they just control the borders of the united states? you hear about them, but you really don't know what their urisdiction really is. guest: the department of homeland security is an amalgamation of 22 separate agencies that cover citizenship services, customs, border protection, the u.s. secret service, the u.s. coast guard, all these various agencies, under the department of homeland security. they each have a great deal of autonomy in what they do to fulfill their original mission. that a part of homeland security ties together the information from all of these agencies, and that is their mission. caller: thank you for your service to your country.

before this boston situation happened, there was a student from a muslim country, and red flags went up in his conversations. i kind of overlooked it at first. he is young, he might be impressionable. when i started seeing him on his laptop talking to his cleric in france, i called the fbi. i thought about it for a long time and i thought, you know what? if i don't do it and something happens, i will never be able to forgive myself. so i went ahead and call the local fbi. i am just wondering, do they take these tips seriously? guest: the take them very seriously, and i thank you for calling that in. this is the key thing that prevents acts of terrorism.

since 9/11, the fbi has been able to prevent a couple hundred acts of terrorism from occurring, and almost all of those were predicated by calls from citizens coming into the fbi. inspector moeller mandated there will be no terrorism investigation that is not the result -- he said every one of them, no matter how they look in the beginning, will be run to ground. so the answer to question is yes, please keep calling when you have information like that. that is the key to success. host: within the year, how many cases does the fbi get concerning terrorism, and how many are credible? how much is made public? guest: counter-terrorism is the fbi's number one priority.

resources and assets of the agency go to their number one priority for more than any others. there are thousands of counter-terrorism cases, some of which turn out to be credible, many others turned out not to be redible. host: when there are credible threats and a plot is boiled, how much of that is made public? guest: there are two ways, some result in prosecutions. that goes into the criminal venue. thers are handled in a perspective measure. human source development is key. also as well as public involvement to resolving these matters in winning the war on terrorism -- i did not say the war on terrorism, the president

will get angry with me. host: one more call, richard. caller: his question, i'm wondering a. you were in the f.b.i. during the clinton administration. it was before 9/11, apparently. at that time, richard clark had a group that met once a week trying to get bin lad. --ed by f you have bush wopper if the administration that al qaeda wants to attack us and disbanded the group and did not allow to meet until after 9/11 happened. why december pirte the warnings, they disbanded the one group qaeda.s looking at all

>> when clark ran a lot of meetings. they were not once a week. he would tie together thinking, particularly in crisis situations of all the major participants agencies. i participants in a number of those things. the central intelligence agency created alec station, which was geared forward finding osama bin laden. it was disbanded when they no longer needed them and they captured bin laden a short time later. we had people in there too. host: david williams, final question for you. lessons learned from what happened in the boston marathon bombings? have you seeing suggestions about how investigations could tightened up or how methods

could be honed? guest: i think the investigation post event was as good as i've seen anywhere. i think the f.b.i.'s response and the police departments was sure push. when you think about that fact that we had this horrific bombing and the suspects were identified through incredibly good photographic crime scene. at that moment, i don't think here was any more cameras than the finish line so with that they were able to slice together, they were able to identify the bombers and follow an investigation quickly, determine they were. i would say the bombers helped things gruesomely by acting as they did, by killing a police officer. my thoughts go out to him and his family as well as engaging with the police in boston. i thought the investigation went

well. one thing that has to be learned, i'm confused why the f.b.i. was not notified of the departure or return of tamerlan tsarnaev from the united states after the f.b.i. had an investigation on him. host: dave williams, former f.b.i. agentpy thank you so much for joining us. >> last friday some of the congressional delegations spoke on the house about the boston bombings. here's some remark from joe kennedy from massachusetts. om massachusetts for the opportunity and most importantly, excuse me, for pulling us all together here today to mark a moment that none of us will ever forget. a signature moment in massachusetts history. i also want to begin by

recognizing the victims of the horrific attacks that happened last monday. thoughts and prayers with them and their families as they begin a long road to recovery. i think, like many of my colleagues from massachusetts and like so many people from massachusetts and from really around t country and around the world, have always delighted in marathon monday. i don't know how many times i went out and watched the runners as they ran by on their quest to the finish line on boylston street. my step-mother has run the marathon a number of times and, together with my dad and brother, we would often go down to heartbreak hill to watch the runners at the times they need it most. and as you see all the runners run by, i think one of the things that always stuck with me was how many people wer there cheering them on. you think about it, 26.2 miles. eople from the very beginning,

to the end, two, three, four, five rows deep on each side of the streelt street. sitting there -- street. sitting there, screaming, yelling, offering a bottle of water or literally a hand to those that are trying, striving for an incredible feat, personal endurance and excellence. and that's really i think to me what that marathon, what that day is all about. it's about a community that comes together to cheer on not just the runners but to celebrate what we have built together. to recognize that that day isn't just about those individual feats of excellence but about a commuty that's willing to cheer on complete strangers, for runners to know, and you'll hear it to those who have competed in that race, yes, it's an extraornarily different course. but that boston is one of the best marathons to run because there is always a crowd that is there to carry you through to the finish line. complete strangers.

people you will never see -- you have never seen before and will never see again. but they are there to offer a hand. d so it was with great sadness, but also great pride that i watched the events unfold on monday. to see complete strangers run into danger rather than flee from it. to see our first responders answer a call of bravery without hesitation. to meet the doctor that after running the marathon and completing 26.2 miles ran to work so that he could get started helping save victims. to meet some of the victims and their families. to know that we will never, despite how much we have come together, be able to replace martin and chris talat and lu -- krystle and lu and officer

collier. but thatong path to thaweilbe tre them every step of the wa, to recognize the law enforcement officers that put themselves in grave danger, never quite knowing what might happen or what weapons these two terrible individuals might ha on them. that took great risks for the sake of safety for our own communities. the investigators and the prosecutors that now have the long task of bringing these individuals to justice. to our sports teams, for the 17,000 strong that sang the national anthem in boston garden and the 30,0-plus that belted it out at fenway park. to mayor menino, vice president biden, president obama, for their leadership in this difficult time. to the one fund for boston that in over 10 days has already grown to over $20 million, poring in from citizens from around the country, to help provide a little bit of relief

to those who will need it most in this long road to recovery. it is an extraordinary message, a powerful symbol that gets back to what boston and massachusetts has always been about. from the first people that set foot on our shores, the earliest settlers and the pills, that we have each other's -- pilgrims, that we have each other's backs and we always will and next year on patriots day, the marathon will be run, more crowded and louder than ever. nd with that >> tomorrow on "washington journal," former white house specialist for homeland security on law enforcement's response and investigation into the boston bombings. then how political parties recruit candidates and the role of campaign committees. later, from "the washington

times" talks about the newspaper's investigation into federal contractors and their salari. "washington journal" live at 7:00 a.m. on c-span. >> she married at the age of 16 and helped to teach her husband to be a better reader an writer. by the time her husband assumes the presidency, she's in poor health and secludes herself to a second floor room in the white house. meet mrs. johnson, wife of the 17th president andrew johnson. we continue our series on monday night live on c-span and c-span3 and c-span radio and c-span.org. his book &a" on "sideswiped."

later the memorial service for the lost and injured by the exflotion the fertilizer plant in >> this week on "q & a," former ohio republican from -- congressman, bob ney . >> former congressman bob ney, in a chapter headlined pretty alice, you call pretty alice the ,ost covert, manipulative fishes instrumented people of karl rove and the bush administration had. who are you referring to? >> alice fishe