eastern, scholars explore the relationships between presidents ronald reagan, george h.w. bush, and mechanical which off during the end of the cold war. >> when you look back at 1989, when bush comes in, and you look at bush in 1990 and 1991, from his point of view bush is not measuring up to what reagan had been. announcer: american history tv, every weekend on c-span3. clintonr: now, hillary joins the discussion at georgetown university on the importance of women and girls working within their communities to fight for human rights. this is an hour and 25 minutes. crime against humanity continues around the world. the women we honor tonight challenge of this and work

tirelessly to advance peace, justice and human rights. nadia is a human rights champion. she as part of a minority in northern iraq targeted by isis. in 2014, isis abducted 7000 women and girls in forced many into sexual slavery. nadia is a survivor. she shares her story with world leaders at the united nations and beyond, she advocates for women who are still not free, still at risk and is still struggling. pioneering peace builder in myanmar. ethnic conflict continues in the nation and the formal peace process is at a standstill. on the western border, the majority are facing a textbook case of ethnic cleansing at the hands of the military. uses her status as a

former political prisoner to advocate for women's equality, and it justice and peace -. is a canadian journalist covering conflict in some of the most challenging places. from syria to afghanistan and beyond, she has demonstrated a fearless commitment to telling the story of those caught behind the front lines. her reporting exposes the unique impact that conflict has on women and children and also the daring and vital work with are doing. they exemplify women's leadership in advancing human right, justice and peace. today, georgetown university is honoring these brave women. ♪

[applause] melanne: good morning, everyone. welcome to this awards program to honor extraordinary leadership in advancing women in peace and security. i want to give a very special welcome to our remarkable honorees and to their relatives and friends who have traveled here to be with them. i also want to welcome the members of our diplomatic corps, ambassadors from the netherlands, sweden, albania as well as officials at the canadian and british embassies. georgetown has always recognized our obligation to engage with the pressing challenges of our time. and to seek ways to contribute to the flourishing of our global community.

as our president has observed, there are many approaches to the complex work of building sustainable peace or realizing the full development of our diverse society. yet one theme emerges, the importance that women are for ull participants and valued leaders in global affairs. and that is the focus of our coming together this morning. in december of 2011, then secretary of state hillary clinton came to georgetown to launch the u.s. national action plan on women, peace and security. on that occasion, the president of the university also announced the creation of the georgetown institute for women, peace and security. it would pioneer innovative

research and scholarship, that is evidence-based. work to bridge theory and practice, and bring together global leaders to advance women's participation in peace and security. as the secretary said at that time, whether it is ending conflict, managing a transition toward building a country the , world cannot afford to continue to ignore half the population. this is not a women's issue. it cuts to the heart of our national security and the security of people everywhere. the institute recently released a new global index on women, peace and security that was undertaken with our norwegian partners. the index for the first time ranks 153 countries on the status of women's inclusion,

justice and security. we are thrilled that secretary clinton is back with us today. over 20 years ago as first lady, she made a historic speech on behalf of the united states at the u.n. conference on women that took place in beijing. she said then, that it is no longer acceptable to discuss women's rights as separate from human rights. and went on to pronounce words that would echo around the world . rights,rights are human and human rights are women's rights. it was a key moment in the empowerment of women as women's rights were chiseled into international law. and it sparked a worldwide movement that continues to this day.

those years found her traveling to over 75 countries on behalf of progress for women and girls, speaking out for example against the treatment of afghan women, leading efforts to combat human trafficking, helping to support women in northern island that were involved in the peace process. -- northern ireland that were involved in the peace process. and now she continues to champion these issues as the senator -- woman senator of new york and then as secretary of state, she reminded us that women's issues are critical to national security and elevated them as a central component of u.s. foreign policy. and as you all know, in 2016 she became the first woman to run for president of the united states as a nominee of a major political party and won the popular vote. so please welcome -- [applause]

please welcome the honorary founding chair of the georgetown institute for women, peace and security, secretary hillary rodham clinton. [applause] hillary: hello. [applause] thank you. hello, georgetown. it is great to be back here and i am delighted to join you for this awards ceremony once again. i want to thank the man who has melanne, whoner, -- has been my partner, colleague and friend for decades now. there's an old expression you probably heard.

if you want something done, ask a busy woman -- i have to say that is miller and revere, some not very well. institute for women, peace and security is a testament to her vision as well as her sheer determination to make that vision a reality. i also want to thank president joya. he truly embodies the georgetown motto of men and women for others and his leadership about so many important matters but particularly this institute is absolutely extraordinary. you know, this university and this institute have flourished because so many people have seen its merits and have understood gap thatas filling a many didn't even know existed. so i always am delighted to return to the hilltop and to sing the praises along with all of you of heroic women and men who have been been recognized

over the years for their commitment to advancing women and peace and security. so be prepared to be humbled, inspired and energized. they are particularly relevant this year, when the steady drumbeat of women speaking out about their own experiences has never been stronger. i think this is a watershed moment. and a powerful reminder of how important it is to make sure that women have a place at any table where decisions are made from the c suite to media to government to the peace table everywhere. we can all do a better job of making this a priority every day. and as americans, standing up for human rights and against injustice around the world is vital.

i would argue it is part of the american dna. it is also, however, important to be clear eyed about the challenges we face in our own country. it is true whether we are grappling with endemic harassment and assault, threats to women's health and reproductive rights or pay disparities and other persistent inequities in our own economy. but no one should ever underestimate the power of women and girls, not only to improve their own lives, but to help list of families, communities and entire nations. the extraordinary courage and resilience of women and girls in the face of vast inequity and injustice is humbling. i've listened to girls as young as 12 argue forcefully and passionately against child marriage. i've met activists who risk their own safety to speak out

against honor killings. i've held the hand of women and tiny little girls who lived through unimaginable horrors, and it emerged determined not to be destroyed by what was done to them but to do everything they , could to prevent others from facing and enduring what they had. through it all, i have seen that women are not only victims of war and conflict, but they are agents of change, makers of peace, and drivers of progress. that was truly the belief behind the creation of the georgetown institute for women and peace and security, the first of its kind in the world, back in 2011. we came together to declare that the issue of women's in peace andation

security could no longer be relegated to the margins of international affairs. and in the years that followed, the institute has gathered the data to support what we knew in our hearts, that encouraging women's participation is strategic and necessary to peace, prosperity and security. the tradition of women standing up for human rights and democracy stretches across centuries and continents. from the british suffragists who fought for and won the right to vote 100 years ago tomorrow , before we did to the women , around the world who are at the forefront of taking on urgent global threats like , climate change and violent extremism, to today's honorees. ,here is nadia murad basee taha and activist working to bring

isis to justice while helping survivors of genocide and human trafficking heal and rebuild their lives and their communities. nadia's work is close to my heart because for decades, we have tried to take on the global scourge of human trafficking. i started working on it as first lady, as a senator, and as secretary of state. it was 20 years ago this march that with the help of your professor, secretary of state madeleine albright, we worked with the clinton administration to help change the way that america saw this issue. to recognize human trafficking for what it is, not a cultural artifact, not collateral, but a crime that deserves to be prosecuted. when we first took on this issue we addressed what we called the three p's. during my time as secretary of state we had a partnership. we brought together ngo's,

governments and the private sector to fight together against human trafficking and forced labor. and because we know that this is not an issue that affects only the far-flung corners of the world, we made sure that for the first time, the 2010 trafficking persons report included data on human trafficking here in the united states. this is not just someone else's problem. this is all of our problem. our second honoree, wei wei nu is a human rights activist and democracy activist in myanmar. she has spent years as a political prisoner under the burmese military government. one of the horrors of her imprisonment was being cut off from everything that was going on in her society, so out of

that experience she has worked to raise awareness and mutual understanding and improve human rights of the rohinga. as secretary of state, i introduced resolution 1888 to the security council of the united nations. it was months after visiting with survivors of mass rape and brutality in the democratic of the congo. we wanted to bring together the international community to expand our commitment to combating sexual violence in conflict zones that we created the first national action plan on women, peace and security to do just that. it was very gratifying to see the congress pass a law to codify that plan last year. and i look forward to seeing our government implement it. in recent years, the evidence has only grown to support the fact that sexual violence in conflict is both a gross human rights violation and a security challenge.

it fuels displacement, weakens governance, stabilizes societies. it inhibits post-conflict resolution and imperils the long-term stability of the country. clearly, we still have urgent work to do. this last fall the current u.n. special representative on sexual violence and conflict traveled to bangladesh, where hundreds of thousands have fled to escape the crisis in myanmar. she reported that every single woman she met had either witnessed or endured brutal sexual assault. the stories of the atrocities being committed against nay , some verynd girls young girls should horrify each , and every one of us and more than that, should spur all of us to action.

it is not a partisan issue in this time of such great partisanship. in fact, it's not even a woman's issue. it should be an issue that goes to the very heart of who we are as human beings. to our common humanity. our third honoree is a reporter. lyse doucet, who has worked to shine a light on the experiences of women and children in conflict telling the stories , that are too often overlooked. she has reported from some of the most important and dangerous areas in the world and has done so with courage, and clarity. good reporting is not only compelling and absolutely it is essential. i still believe in truth, evidence, facts.

there is no such thing as alternative reality and we have to make sure we do not try to live in it or let anybody else push us to live in it either. [applause] there is no such thing as alternative reality and we have so, at a time when expertise, truth, and facts are under siege, the work of journalists like lyse is particularly crucial. it is easy to be overwhelmed by all that is going on in the world and on the world's stage and here at home. i know that. i get overwhelmed at least a dozen times a day. i have spent the last year traveling the country, meeting people at signings for my book and other events, listening to what is on their minds, and i have been asked more times than i can count, what can we do? one answer is clear, advancing the rights, opportunities, and full participation of women and

girls, is the great unfinished business of the 21st century. i intend to keep fighting to pursue this agenda and remain on the front lines of democracy. the most important question for everyone here is what can you do? what will you decide to make your mission, your purpose, your passion, to use your education, your mind, your resolve to make our world a better place? in particular, what can you do to make sure the lives of women and girls is never again relegated to the backstage somewhere, seen as frivolous or a luxury that we cannot afford because of all the other important matters that are facing us.

i think the stories of today's honoree are proof of what is possible. when we refused to give in or let our voices be silenced, it is hard to continue to speak up, speak out, stand up against what you think of as obvious wrongs, but do not grow weary, bring a sustained commitment, think of these honorees, don't get discouraged. draw hope and inspiration from each of them and leave here today with a renewed commitment to making your own mark on the world. i know that is what we need more than ever and i am very each of them and leave here confident that this university, the students, and all of you here today can really make a

difference. thank you all, very much. [applause] [laughter] >> thank you so much, secretary clinton, for your inspiring words and for your ongoing commitment on these issues. it is now time for our honorees. imagine you are 19 years old, ay clinton, for your inspiring probably some of you are, you are going to school, you have aspirations for your future. however, one day, terrorists come and subject you, and your

entire family to unspeakable horrors. that is what happened to nadia marad when the islamic state raided her village and rounded up a kurdish minority. whom isis viewed as dissidents. isis killed many members of nadia's family and then abducted her. thousands of men, women, and children from the yazidi community were massacred or kidnapped by isis and hundreds of thousands have been displaced by the violence against their religious community. yazidi women have faced additional abuse, the abuse of sexual torture at the hands of their captors. many were sold into sexual slavery at slave markets. nadia is a survivor.

she was one of the fortunate who managed to escape her brutal captivity and has since devoted her life to being a voice for those left behind. she said, it never gets any easier to tell her story. each time, she said, she relives it. is the bestd, it weapon she has against terrorism and she plans on using her voice until the terrorists are put on trial. she has recently written a book about her experience entitled, "the last girl: my story of captivity and my fight against the islamic state." i hope you will all buy it. she has joined forces with amal clooney to insist that the international community bring the perpetrators of these crimes against humanity the justice.

justice.t this -- to she has also founded an initiativen, nadya to help women in marginalized groups to have a role in stabilizing and rebuilding their communities. in 2016, the united nations named her the first goodwill ambassador for the dignity of survivors of human trafficking. she has experienced, in her life, unimaginable brutality, yet, despite that pain and suffering, she is determined to ensure justice for her people and she truly wants to be the last girl in the world with a story like hers. as has been said of her, nadia's resilience and dignity are the most powerful rejection of what isis stands for. for her powerful efforts to

now for the citation. for her tireless efforts to support and advocate for the yazidi people, urging that terrorists who committed the arecities against them brought to justice. for helping survivors by bringing their voices to the world and working to break the stigma of sexual violence and trafficking that continues their nightmare. for her determination to make it possible that other girls never have to endure the experiences she faced, georgetown is proud to present the 2018 hillary clinton award for advanced thing -- advancing women in peace and ya murad to nad

[applause] nu was an 18-year-old lost didn't when her family was sentenced to incarceration as punishment for her father's protest against the brutal

regime. during her seven years in prison, she learned from other women prisoners about the injustices and discrimination faced by women across myanmar. she called her incarceration a "university of life." a presidential amnesty in 2012 her release from prison. she was then 25-years-old. it was a historic time. myanmar was embarking on a democratic transition and at the same time, the country was still mired in struggle in the armed ethnic conflict. she embraced democratic reforms. she wants to be an agent for change. determined to address the violence, intolerance, and inequality afflicting her

country. she founded two organizations, , andwomen's peace network" justice for women. through the women's peace network, she is focused on peacemaking and efforts to build bridges across ethnic and religious divisions, particularly among young people. as a rohingya, she is working to help combat domestic violence. she understands injustice and ignorance. and she is working through her organization to combat it. her work in myanmar is critical. as a formal peace process between the government and various ethnic groups stalls, as the persecution of the minority goes on and all of its horrific forms, and as it displaces tens

of thousands of rohingyans, she works through training programs to promote understanding justice and the possibility of a brighter future for her country. now, the citation. for her unstinting efforts to build a more peaceful and equitable future for myanmar, for using her voice to end ethnic violence, particularly against the rohingyan's, georgetown is pleased to present the 2018 hillary rodham clinton award for advanced thing peace wei wei nuy to

from myanmar. [applause] >> if you follow the news on lise doucette is a familiar voice and on the set. from the arab spring to all of the major in the middle east. from conflicts in africa to the wars in iraq and afghanistan, she has been there to riyadh she the earlyia during

hopeful days of the pro-democracy protests, and she has been there ever's dance. returning time and again to cover the unfolding catastrophe. out to her about this award, i found her in aleppo on her way home. through her reporting we have witnessed the worst humanitarian crisis there since world war ii. lyse takes us beyond the front lines to see the toll on civilians, the intensity of the desperation, the refugee crisis, the plight of women and children. such is the suffering in syria that she has made a documentary on the children there to see through her eyes, what is happening to them, through their descriptions and experiences. she has described her reporting

approach in this way -- i want you to come out of your living rooms and let me take you with me. it has been a hallmark of her reporting to tell the stories of marginalized and silenced communities. to show the human face of conflict. among her stories are the stories of women which are often ignored in the geopolitical narrative of conflict and security. brave women like nadia who is here with us today. the everyday lives of women in afghanistan. or the remarkable women fighting for democracy home she is highlighting and a new radio series called "her story made history."

she never forgets their role in war and peace. when asked if her role as political, she says i have no problem with taking the part of the children or women because they are caught in politics. my politics is humanitarian politics. now for the citation. for her courageous international reporting, that has been characterized by a, compassion, foristence and humanity, telling the stories of people behind the headlines, particularly the women and children. to ensure that their experiences are reported and their voices are heard, the better we understand the consequences of war, the harder we work statues peace. -- we work to achieve peace. today, georgetown is proud to present the 2018 global trailblazer award to lyse doucet of the bbc.

[applause] melanne: now we will have an opportunity to hear from the and secretary clinton, as they are engaged in conversation with a very asked to react interviewer. lyse and secretary clinton, doucet. when the discussion concludes, we ask that you remain in your seat until our guest have left the room. but lyse, before we turn it over

to your questions and those the students have put forward our -- i would like to ask you a question. whether it has been in afghanistan or syria or so many other places, you have highlighted the stories of women. why do you believe in war coverage, it is important to amplify their voices? lyse: thank you for that question. thank you to all of those here today, to listen to our questions and answers. i would simply say that is not up to me. i am just the storyteller. wherever i have gone, whether it is in the darkest and most forbidding places, women always want to tell their own stories. sometimes i need to amplify the ir voice, but there is no doubt in my mind that they have a voice. let me give you one short story

from afghanistan and one from area. -- one from syria. the lessons i have learned. i was in a remote corner of northern afghanistan in a small tribal community where, sadly, men controlled all access to the women. my colleague and i, a female producer, had to negotiate long and hard to get access to the women. it took hours. when we were finally let in, because we were women, i found out why the men did not want to give us access. because all the women did was criticize the men. they criticized how the men did not work, women had to work long into the night. they criticized the money, the family, the banks. i realized then -- the story stuck with me -- i thought that even when we think that women do not want to speak, they do. you just have to open the door

and sometimes adjust the window. in syria i learned another lesson in the last seven years, this is a lesson about even the youngest of voices. secretary clinton mentioned the 12-year-old child bride who knew exactly what was happening to her and what should happen to her in another kind of society. covering the syrian war, after every visit to syria, i would reflect and think, what is a story that stays with me the most? who shows the most courage? almost without exception, it was a child, a boy or a girl. what i learned was the children, the youngest voices, the tears , the smiles, the cute faces -- not only do they have a story to tell, but they have an through some of the worst of our times. times where women and children are not just on the frontlines, they are the frontlines. in times such as ours, we talk

about rights. one right is sacred. our right to tell our own story. [applause] lyse: that is it for me. it is good to see you again, nadia. , and to seewai wai you, secretary clinton, looking so well there we had them he ask you, nadia, the question on everyone's minds today, how are you? you have been through so much. including writing a book and eating in a film. >> [speaking foreign language] translator: to be honest, not so good, because the things we work, are still not accomplished yet.

we are still not there yet. but i should say that i am doing well, because i am hopeful that we will still have energy to fight and bring isis to justice. that is what we are looking to achieve. lyse: so many times you gone to the top world bodies and ask for help and i think were frustrated that i think you work frustrated that it did not come as quickly as you wanted. last september, you scored victory. you got the security council to sponsor a resolution authorizing at last, an investigation into war crimes. what has happened in the past five months? are they moving ahead with the promise? are they keeping it?

nadia: [speaking foreign language] translator: first of all, i want to thank amal clooney for her relentless effort and her continuous support for myself and other yazidi victims trying

everyng justice to isis day, and she is still trying with all of her ability. second, ever since we have started and after september 22 , until now, we are working toward that goal. the last updates are from the team dedicated to do the investigation in iraq to bring isis to justice. the iraqi government is right now taking some charge on that and has started forensic investigation into mass graves in iraq, there has not been any trial yet. there is a tribunal in the iraqi court that there are still some investigations, so nobody has in sentence so far, but we are hopeful that this will happen in the future. lyse: i hope so, too. today is one of those most extraordinary moments when

bound us come here today by common belief. but how can we even begin to stand in the shoes of someone nadia or someone like wai wa wai wai. who among us would have spent their childhood growing up in a prison. sitting in front of us today with your shining spirit, how did that shape you, wai wai, into who you are today? wai wai: thank you. that is a great question. explain.d to only you know how to overcome that, right? but then, i will try to explain how it explain is. i think fundamentally, it is knowing yourself, what happened to you. through realizing that it is injustice and should not happen inin, to you or anybody else

your country, or in the world. a good mentor. in my life, especially, i realized that i have the privilege to have very inspiring parents. my father is the one who taught me humanity. to be tolerant. to be forgiving and also to help others. so we were in the prison as family, five of us because my father was a politician. and yet i realized, even in the prison he was helping us, he was working. prison, he life in

was caught up by the prison staff, he would get more charges. yet, he was working. that made me feel more responsible, and you realize however your life conditions are hard, at the end of the day, if you know what is going on, it is your responsibility to risk bond to it, and to work on it. conditionslyse: i think there se another "w" in your name. www, wise wai wai. [applause] [laughter] lyse: once you got out of prison, you decided to work for justice and human rights in myanmar area many of you here will be following the progress

in myanmar. it is not easy for any country to emerge from a major military dictatorship. is it harder than you imagined? wai wai: yes, of course because when we were released for the -- with the presidential released by the president's statement saying that the political prisoners would be able to be involved in -- countries transformation country's transformation -- democratic transformation. get to enjoyul to freedoms which we did not have for more than five decades. i actually thought we would have more freedom, like freedom of expression, freedom to practice human rights, and live a more dignified life then under the

previous dictatorship. but instead, what i have seen, at the beginning i did not realize for a few months, but some on i was joining political program and talking to different minorities, people in cities, the capital, the , and specifically talking to my family, extended family, and i realized that their lives had remained the same or even done worse. gotten worse. we have seen the violence against muslim communities which is portrayed as communal conflict. of course, in our understanding today, it is not there we had so, the situation has

deteriorated tremendously, and andit is very were some inrific, what is happening myanmar, not only against the community, but all ethnic communities. freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association have been severely threatened recently. journalists have been targeted. it has been getting worse. at the same time, the state of people's lives are not even secure. we have been hearing of increased numbers of people under attack or killed. it has been increasing. it is really were some, i would say, it is not as we expected. this is the time to reflect and to move forward again. lyse: we have heard somebody

-- so many stories over so many years, and yet we still sit here, in 2018, still hearing nad story --y, wai-- so many wai's do you worry that it is actually getting worse for women? sec. clinton: i believe that certainly over the last 25 years, in many ways it has asten better, but the works, i have said in my remarks, is unfinished. when we meet young women like nadia and wai wai we understand even more viscerally how that work has to remain at the forefront of our efforts. i think the progress that has been made has been made in laws being changed and greater

awareness in shining brighter light, in journalists like yourself i would say it has gotten better, but we're at a reflection point where our fear it could begin to deteriorate and come worse again. to nadia'ssten story, you realize the , due process,law judicial systems, international beanizations, that have to sustained and supported to hold accountable and serve as

places of recourse for the knotty as of the world. you hear about her father. we need people in all walks of life to stand up and speak out, but also to demonstrate, lives, tolerance and respect human dignity and common humanity. i think we are at this point where there is a premium on top-down authority, whether seems to be a global turning away from international organizations from the rule of law and the united states is not playing the role that we have historically played, which is such a critical role. i have talked to maybe hundreds of people by now who spent time ironison behind the

curtain in china and other places. it is not just the current hotspots and conflicts and to a person, they have said how important it was when the american secretary of state or the american first lady or the american anyone spoke out about the importance of justice and treating people with the kinds of care and appropriateness that was called if you don't have that go in your year, you're not afraid the called out and being held up, not caring in being indifferent and rejecting these on a mental principles of human rights and institutions that support them being a real beacon for those who are under the whip and the gun to look to, we begin to lose

balance and i'm worried about that. trajectory, but i don't want us to plateau. i don't want us to grow tired or fear like -- feel like it is known for business anymore because we have to support not .ust individuals like not a we have got to do more to reestablish american voices in this you. -- in this arena. anniversaries are often moments for everyone to reflect so i must take this opportunity to mention in your speech 100 years

, a century since british women won the right to vote. and yes, i would say that women even in developed western societies are fighting the same issues. equality, equal pay . what is your reflection on women and power, as someone who's been through it all? >> i think that you're right to raise that because it's not just the issues that we are talking about here in places like iraq or myanmar or some of the others. we have to protect and nurture the progress that's been made over the last 100+ years and i'm grateful that right now there's a very vigorous debate in our own country about a lot of these important matters, about women's autonomy and women's rights and the protection of women and the right to speak out and speak up on a range of important questions.

but i also feel like there's a little bit of pushback and a backlash going on here, too. and i think it's important that we just as we need to stand up and speak out for women and girls elsewhere, we need to do the same here. within the framework of democracy, the rule of law and all that goes with it, you have our work cut out for us. we don't celebrate our 100th anniversary for two years. you were there before. and then misogyny and sexism is still a problem. it is not only blatant in many ways. it's also attitudes and it suppresses a lot of the opportunities and potential of women, particularly young women.

what happened to others wives who were assaulted and in many cases destroyed by isis. but, we can find common cause here. fighting for human rights and women's rights and justice and equality should be one of the common endeavors that brings us together regardless of what society, country, ethnic, religious, tribal religious group we may be part of. again, the united states has a particular responsibility to help to lead that. >> thank you. some people are said to me this is going to be the year of women and a seller should be the young

women and men and we have some students who sent us some questions. we have a person from a week am in the class of 29 team. are you with us? there is ali. ali isn't a women. i'm going to put your question, what did you find to be the most effect way to mobilizing people in the face of religious adversity? language] oreign

>> we have is a community not he has gone through a genocide committed by isis three and a half years and in addition to over 5000 people who were killed, nearly 7000 women and female children were conduct made by this group and the entire community was displaced to refugee camps and more than three and a half years ever since.

the only thing i've been telling people all the time is the synergy in the efforts of the members of the community against the force of evil is what is challenging than what is very effect to in the terrorist organizations we are united against you. >> i think it is something we could all support you on. now how you found the spirit of tolerance in prison and come your mentors including your father, but we have a question from the school of foreign affairs. how do you maintain enough hope and optimism to keep fighting for human rights?

>> i forget to mention that while i was in the prison i was able to read some books after two years. and then i've got time to read some of the books. the struggle is in biographies of martin luther king jr., nelson mandela, maha gandhi and other leaders around the world and i found resilience and encouragement and even today a lot of the struggle by many, many people around the world, including my own communities in

different parts of the world mainly when it comes to minorities is not easy. when you are born to be a minority from the community of minorities and your life is not easy and even then, i know that we have to survive and we have to be able to bring equality, peace and justice for those people and have been done in the

past by your leaders and i believe today and one day in our next generation who will really be interested for those people. my hope is being resilience and hoping one day we will achieve and we did achieve in the past history of the united states that we can achieve and then it can only be achieved at the same time by manpower, people power, men and women powers in solidarity and education. so together we can really bring the future of having our community and human being as people. >> thank you. very good advice. [applause] >> #keeptrying. to this next question and i often say the questions can be more interesting than the answers. the answer will be interesting , but the question is very interesting and he spelt it out so i will ask her.

foreign service 2021, what role can and should men play in the investment of women peace and security? >> thank you for that question. as big a role as you possibly can. there are so many ways to participate and support this unfinished business getting finely finished. you heard from wei wei the influence of her own father. do not discount the importance of personal support and interest, and encouragement, action, that sounds simplistic that it's probably the most profound thing you can do in

helping women and girls be given the support, the kind tools that they need, the constant that is often necessary, to the resilience, which is essential. and also, if you are interested in these issues beyond the personal, there are so many ways to serve. they're all kinds of ngos and nonprofits and government organizations. you heard not he mentioned the u.n. the important work of trying to bring isis and the leaders of isis two justices work that never ends and means willing hands, especially people with the education you receive it at the foreign service school. also politically voting for people who care about these issues and taking a hard look at

your own really personal views. i think everyone has to purge themselves of prejudicial thought, worries about who is on top in who isn't in the world as it is today. say being bornei into a minority is hard. it is hard everywhere and if you find yourself in a role where people speak out and spit out and not go along with remaining silent or chiming in about derogatory remarks about women and girls and also minorities, but the focus on women and girls, decaf person. be that man who does not let it go on and who stands up for speaks out and use your voting power as a city fan and a democracy to also register your feelings about these issues. so there is a lot to be done and if you go into business, make sure that women are paid equally

in treated equally. a good friend who runs a huge tech company -- [applause] and he runs this huge tech company, a wonderful guy. he's got two great daughters and he kept hearing about how there was not equal pay for equal work and he thought to himself, that can't possibly be true in my company and he actually launched a total analysis of comparing years of service, levels of education thousands of employees. and guess what he found out it was, absolutely true that he was embarrassed and really surprised. it wasn't that people were sitting around saying okay, we have two college graduates. they start off the same but you know, over the next four or five years, and he's command to more and reward him or it got to phd computer sciences and after the

same number of years are going to give the guy more chances. it wasn't that explicit. it was much more just almost implied bias about women and women's roles in success. there's just so many ways to be an ally and a friend and supporter of these causes here in this country and around the world. >> thank you. if you forget anything, this is all recorded. so just ask for recording and study it and give it to all your friends. we don't want the energy to go one way. get a sense of who you are. important moment for men or women and for a world. how many of you came here on this lovely sunny one in washington. how many of you came here with a

sense of hope, more hope than anxiety and fear? how many of you came more with hope and anxiety and fear? how many do wake up in the morning with the dread and fear that this moment is actually a moment that is fraught with risk? and how many people go home more hopeful after today's session? thank you. this is a good question for both you, nadia and wei wei. we've got the best and brightest students here in washington. this question from the school of foreign service 2021. where are you? great. looking college-age women do now to promote peace from the united

states? the world is a lot closer these days. thank you for that practical question. i think young people -- i mean, everyone can do things if they care. the only thing is we need to care and we need to learn and respond. as young people, i think today's young people have better than -- better chance than any other age. the advancement of technology and we have to use that technology ineffective ways.

in effective ways. basically, social media, a desire advantage and i would encourage everyone to learn beyond your community, your country what's happening in all the corners of the world and respond whatever you can at least by using technology. there are many other ways that you can respond to your community and your country and how we can really best respond. one of the ways to take actions and to respond is by actually seeking advice and consulting with different people and never make any mistake if you consult with others. come up with a great, great idea

i would say like that. >> i think one very important point about peace is to teach

the children and to educate the children and to plan different things and be more positive about their life. for example, isis was training and brainwashing hundreds of thousands of children and to indoctrinate them and brainwash them and teach them how to kill. so i think we can reverse that by teaching them how to love one another and spread this education and make sure that this is priority piece. for most people who live in the united states and other parts of the world, i think learning about other people's culture is

very important because for anyone to learn about the azidi culture and it is very important, which means you accept the other cultures way of life and so they can respect you and your culture and there will be a peaceful coexistence. [applause] >> the questions are getting tougher i have to say as we go on. this question is so complicated. i need to have a policy nerd to ask it. do i have any policy nerd on the panel? [laughter] >> secretary clinton? this is one i know you know the answer to. climate change is anticipated to exacerbate scarce resources and

worse than natural disasters preliminary disproportionately vulnerable. how can women, especially students here, bringing your questions back to you, help other women across the world face these risks? >> that is a great question. you're absolutely right. i want to answer in three parts. i do think that there needs to be more political pressure put on the current administration to get back into the paris agreement and the fact that we are the only country -- [applause] >> we are the only country left in the world come this year he -- syria was the other holdout. they joined the paris agreement. and i think that there has been so many issues that people are

concerned about that it's easy to get spread so thin that we don't make a significant impact on the political calculations and thinking of the administration and congress. so i would hope that there would be much more activity around climate change with a specific goal and my suggestion although there could very well be others is that the united states back in the paris agreement and lots of student mac dvd, lots of old-fashioned stuff like phone calling and everything, but also it consists than presidents trying to make that case because that will enable us to try to do more as a country, even though it's going to be difficult i admit to try to change this policy. i recently met with the u.n. official responsible for implementing the paris agreement and she is optimistic about the work that is being done between other governments and not for profits in private businesses in our country a lot of mayors and

governors are stepping up. in addition to trying to put pressure coming from campuses and elsewhere about getting the united states back into the paris agreement, there is much that can be done here at home that will be beneficial globally. still looking for ways to work with not-for-profit, even private-sector businesses and certainly governments volunteering, doing whatever you can to help us organize ourselves here on the local and state level, waiting until we

get back to a national commitment. with respect to the rest of the world, and i would say particularly for women, you're absolutely right, they will bear the brunt of looking to the food, looking for the fire would -- firewood, -- firewood, looking for the place to migrate to when all of the grasses finally gone is the desertification moves out then you have to keep moving your livestock for your crops are no longer growing. they are burning up in the intense heat we are now seeing reported across north africa into the middle east and into india. so yes, women once again will be primarily burdened with the problems of climate change. so look for international organizations to support. some groups are planting trees

and people say you know, that is kind of simple thing. i want to do something important. planting trees is really important. helping to move towards a more drought resistant kinds of trees and shrubbery, just to try to save the soil, create some shade, give something to eat, educating for drought resistant seeds and seedlings that can be planted and nurtured because 60% of the small farmers in the world are women. an acre in most instances. they are out there toiling to grow enough food to feed their own family and a little extra to go to market. get involved with the global alliance for cook stoves, something we how to cook off when i was secretary of state because changing the way women and girls cook is good for their help because the fourth leading cause of death in the world is respiratory illnesses, largely driven by cooking enclosed spaces using fuel that affects your lungs. so there are lots of ways from our own challenges here at home, all the way to supporting programs and projects that are taking place around the world that can make a difference in women's lives.

there is some progress, not nearly enough and without the united states, the national government being a leader, our efforts are going to be certainly cobbled by our lack of involvement, but we cannot let that stop us from doing everything we possibly can to make a difference on climate change here in the united states and around the world, knowing full well it will have and is having already a very negative impact in many places in the berg disproportionally falling on women and children. >> thank you. thank you very much. one last question from the students. where is chris? going to graduate in 2021. chris, you are going to get all of us in trouble. who is a woman in global politics who inspires you?

i talked to wei wei about it and she said if i named this one and this one. all of us here know so many women in local politics who inspire us. i want to ask all of us to answer this question by talking now, follow the women in global politics who inspire us. [applause] >> so you are going to get together and go over those with the tree that you planted and all of those women's issues are going to understand. we're close to the end of our discussion including one last word. how do you see this backlash against women's rights and what can be done about it?

it as a reaction that is driven by lots of different motives, some of them having to do with people feeling insecure, frightened, insecure, discouraged, name whatever emotion you want, about their lives and the globalization of the economy, which is leaving many people out and we haven't seen anything yet because we didn't tell robotics and a.i., artificial intelligence really take off. when people are insecure and anxious, they often defend against their own failings by rejecting others and that often happens with minorities. it happens with ethnicities, races, religions and it also happens with respect to redmond. any of you who have read my book about what happened to know that i think misogyny and sexism was part of that campaign.

it was one of the contributing factors and some of it was old-fashioned sexism and a refusal to accept the equality of women and some of it as an outgrowth of all this anxiety and security that is playing on people and leaving them a scapegoat. we've got to leave that here at home and that comes through the ballot box in an election year 2018 in the united states. there's a lot that can be done to say wait a minute, we are not going backwards when it comes to race and religion and sex and all the rest of it. we are going to keep forward moving because we want an inclusive tolerant society and that includes everybody. not just some of us, but all of us. certainly, voting remains the

principal way that every individual can express an opinion and anyone who chooses not to vote basically sees that opinion to others who perhaps don't hold your values. speaking not been speaking out against the backlash or against the atrocities being committed against women and girls elsewhere is critically important as well and we've talked about some of the ways of doing that. remaining vigilant, remaining a very committed advocate on behalf of women and girls here and around the world and helping others understand what you feel that way, why it's important, why he took time out to come to the event, all have positive incremental effects. there's a lot of work to be done, but i ended being very

confident enough to mistake because we are not going back and women's voices are not shutting up. >> secretary clinton, thank you. thank you to all of you. thank you. [applause] newsmakers, we talk about campaign 2018 and some of the big issues in the midterm election. newsmakers, sunday on c-span.

>> sunday night on afterwards, black lives matter co-founder with her book when they call you a terrorist, a black lives matter memoir. >> as we created black lives matter, we knew we had to get people on board. we also have to interrupt when people co-opt black lives matter. we make sure we were challenging people that we love and artists to not say other communities matter, but to really focus on ok and thee in the allies and then, we took it out to the world. >>