are ready to embrace the immensity and at the same time study every detail in the world of science, medicine and new technologies. watch today. without further ado, scientists told what language plants communicate with each other. manuscripts do not burn, artificial intelligence has learned to read manuscripts found at the site of a volcanic eruption. underground work, we will tell you about a robot worm that lays power lines.

and ghost towns, let's see what forecast the model of human development for the year 200 gave. this is only at first glance plants quietly and even boringly from a human point of view spend their life cycle. if you look closely, you can see real live communication in the world of flora. it was this that a team of scientists from japan and the united states managed to capture for the first time in their latest study. plants, the authors of the scientific work claim, especially. communication between plants has been known for several decades, the mechanisms that ensure it have also been carefully studied, but how do plants perceive a signal, how do they receive information and how they respond to it. a team of scientists led by masatsu toyota, a professor of organic chemistry and molecular biology at saitama university and the university of wisconsin-madison, captured and visualized.

most people don't believe that plants can communicate with each other, but of course, science says otherwise, they can communicate with neighboring plants using airborne signals, volatile components. volatile organic compounds released by plants due to mechanical damage, insect attacks and other threats are familiar to each of us, just remember the smell of fresh. grass since 1983 communication between plants has been recorded in more than thirty species. in order to understand the process of perception and response signals emitted by the affected representatives of the flora, the team collected volatile organic compounds from a group of plants that were attacked by caterpillars eating them. these substances were then distributed to modified for fluorescent imaging systems intact plants. all this was captured on video. it shows the dynamics of the concentration in the cells.

calcium ions, which play a key role in transmitting the alarm signal. there is a secondary function of such communication. we mainly focused on the volatiles of green leaves, such as aldehydes. if you cut a leaf into pieces, you can smell these volatile compounds. most green leaves can produce this type of volatiles, in response to insect attack or damage. and these compounds are important for activating various reactions. in neighboring plants, this can be repelling insects or attracting enemies for these insects. these are a kind of direct and indirect responses. they are important both for the damaged plants themselves and for neighboring undamaged ones. understanding the interaction of plants with each other, as well as the multifunctionality of their communication, can be useful, for example, for agriculture, because pesticides not only make our food less environmentally friendly, but they also lose effectiveness over time as insects develop resistance.

to the chemical used. triggering plants' natural response to a threat and releasing volatile organic compounds could be an effective tool to replace some pesticides that are harmful to soil and humans. most pesticides are designed to kill insects, but as the chemicals are used, resistance develops, causing the pests to return. we should move away from insect-killing chemicals and opt for activating endogenous ones. in the future, we will be able to in other words, simply ask plants to protect themselves. svetkov, andrey sergey dagatar, especially for the program details. artificial intelligence has learned to read ancient manuscripts. recently, it managed to decipher what was written in one of the testimonies found at the site of the vesuvius eruption. three researchers, youssef nader, a graduate student from berlin, luke fariter, student and intern.

of 800 badly damaged greek manuscripts housed at the institut de france in paris and the bibliothèque nationale in naples. they were probably written by the epicurean philosopher philademus, who wrote about music, food, and how to enjoy the good things in life.

the irony is that the volcanic eruption that essentially turned the scrolls into charcoal also saved them, but reading them in that state is a very difficult technical challenge. the competition was the brainchild of nat friedman, founder of github and brent seales, a university of kentucky scientist who has spent his career working with ancient scrolls. in total, the vizuvios challenge provided participants with high-resolution x-ray images of four scrolls. we had to collect the data in a way that would allow us to detect the very thin layer of carbon on the papyrus. in 2016-17, the ai ​​community published some amazing work that inspired us to use the methods described in our work, everything came together when, with the help of a particle accelerator, we were able to collect unique research material in the herculaneum papyri.

the winning team needed artificial intelligence to recognize the ink on the papyrus and identify the almost illegible greek letters. according to the organizers, through joint efforts, about 5% of the scroll has been deciphered to date. the next stage of the competition will attempt to decipher 85% of the scroll. more news of the week further in our digest. astronauts from turkey, italy and sweden returned to earth this week after completing a private , three-week mission to the international space station. the chartered spacex capsule splashed down in the atlantic ocean off the coast of florida. the international trio was accompanied by a former nasa alumnus who now works for houston- based space tourism company axim space. turkey, italy and sweden financed the mission, each paying about $55 million to fly their astronauts. on board the iss, this crew carried out a number of scientific experiments.

for turkey, the january launch was the first flight of a resident of its country into space. for the exiom company, this is the third private mission. the fourth is planned for the end of this year. scientists from france have created a fundamentally new contact lens that may lead to a revolution in ophthalmology. its spiral shape allows the eye to focus correctly at different distances in different lighting conditions. the lens, called a spiral diapter, causes incident light to rotate in an optical vortex, accounting for the various deformations of the cornea that can occur with age. unlike existing multifocal lenses, the new lens works well in a wide range of lighting conditions and maintains multifocal. regardless of pupil size. the inventors say that in addition to contact lenses, the technology could be used in a range of miniature imaging systems, including virtual reality headsets. as it turns out, handwriting is extremely useful for our brains. researchers in norway conducted an experiment in which they asked

students to either write individual words on a digital pen touchscreen or type them with one finger on a keyboard. at the same time , their brain's electrical activity was measured. using electroencephalography. the scientists found that the brain's interaction patterns were much more complex and extensive in those participants who wrote by hand. this suggests that precisely controlled hand movements, that occur when writing leads to the formation of spatial-temporal patterns in the brain, which in turn facilitate learning. the study confirms the findings of another experiment in the united states, according to which students who took notes by hand scored higher on tests on this material compared to those who... premature births in the country are associated with the exposure of pregnant mothers to chemicals contained in plastic packaging, cosmetics , and toys. according to the study,

published in the journal lonset planetary health, the 10% of mothers with the highest levels of phthalates in their urine had a roughly 50% higher risk of delivering before the 37th week, compared with the group with the lowest levels of phthalates. phthalates have long been known to disrupt the normal functioning of the hormonal system, and their presence in the body has been linked to obesity, fertility disease, and heart disease. the medical community is sounding the alarm and calling on the government to to begin regulating the use of phthalates as a chemical group in general. for those who want to reduce the risks of contact with phthalates, doctors recommend eating less food that was wrapped in plastic, avoiding personal hygiene products containing phthalates, not heating food in microwaves in plastic containers, and not washing such containers in dishwashers, since the chemicals accumulated on the surface of the porous plastic can then get into the food.

any extreme manifestation of the elements is accompanied by damage to the power line. the dark times that come as a result do not last long, the lines are restored, but they bring a lot of inconvenience and financial costs. the solution to the problem may be laying power lines underground, but this process is not fast and expensive, unless , of course, a new robot developed by scientists from cleveland takes on the matter. according to the latest data, the length of the power line in the united states is 9 million kilometers. to hold the air bread is used 180 million poles. the problem is that they are all weather -resistant and cause most of the power outages. i live in cleveland and we have a lot of storms here, the wind knocks down trees and damages the poles for the power lines. we will be even more dependent on electricity and we will face more storms, which means the problem

will only get worse. building and using underground infrastructure can solve this problem, but the transition to it is being done not as fast as we would like. the methods of laying lep underground are expensive and take much longer than traditional power line laying. to stimulate the development of cheaper... and faster technologies in this area, the us department of energy awarded a grant to twelve of the best research groups, including scientists from case western reserve university, who received $2 million for their development. we were inspired to create our technology by the earthworm, namely the way it movement, which consists of parts of its body successively compressing and decompressing.

began to study the data obtained as a result of their research. according to their preliminary calculations, the technology will reduce the cost of laying a power line by half. the main goal of this project is research. we have a lot to work on. in the first year , we will deal with the process of pulling the cable, and in the second we will add the drilling function. and in the last year, we will have to test the method of autonomous movement of our robot. scientists hope that the logical continuation of their development will be the creation of a startup

or an entire company for the production of full -fledged equipment for laying underground lepi. andrey derkach, yuri zakrevsky, especially for the program details. by the beginning of the next century, tens of thousands of american cities will be unrecognizable, they will fall into decline, their population will decrease significantly, many of them will turn into ghost towns. such a sad forecast was made by scientists from the university of illinois. the model they created explained such picture of the future with serious climate change and uneven distribution of resources. alexei gorbachev knows the details of which factors played a decisive role. by 2004, the world will no longer be the same as we know it. it could change dramatically under the influence of a number of factors, including global warming and changes in the structure of the economy. although large metropolitan areas will most likely be able

to adapt to the new challenges, a number of populated areas in the united states will significantly lose population or even become ghost towns , say researchers at the university of illinois at chicago. when that happens, it creates redundancy in infrastructure. so we decided to assess the scale of the problem at the u.s. level and study the development of american cities through the year 200 and find out whether their populations will grow or shrink. first, we didn't expect that about half of the cities would be affected, and second, we found that it affects every state except hawaii and the district of columbia. according to the study, by the end of the century, about half of the nearly 30,000 cities in the united states will lose between 12 and 23 percent of their population. this will transform what are now relatively unified urban structures into disparate neighborhoods with unevenly

distributed households. this will make it much more difficult for local governments to respond to changing conditions. conditions could worsen and become a public health threat. the population decline in some areas will result in grocery stores closing, creating so-called food deserts. lack of infrastructure funding will only make the problems worse. to illustrate a city already without clean water due to

a lack of money to repair wastewater treatment plant pipes, the study's authors. leads jackson, mississippi. the city gained notoriety in 2021 when 150,000 people were left without water after a freeze damaged pipes. at the same time, the tap water was officially considered unsafe to drink. eventually, the army had to be brought in to help solve the problem, distributing bottles of drinking water. the water outages in jackson highlight the threat that climate change and underinvestment pose to america’s aging infrastructure. the problem is that most funding mechanisms are growth-based. you can’t tell us we need a lot of money to upgrade our wastewater treatment plant when we now have 80,000 people instead of 100,000.

currently, 43% of u.s. cities are projected to lose residents. the biggest decline population will affect cities in the northeast and midwest of the united states. as of 2023, the outflow of population is occurring in pennsylvania, oregon, california, west virginia, illinois, louisiana , and new york. in turn, states that have seen population growth include south and north carolina, florida, texas, idaho, delaware, the district of columbia, tennessee, utah, and georgia. authors.

in order to remedy the situation, the authors of the study propose changing the approach to designing american cities in favor of creating pedestrian infrastructure so that people can walk, walk, for example. store and get to work without being tied to a car. a clear example, planned with the interests of pedestrians in mind , is washington, mentioned by the authors of the study, where. predictions

are a thankless task, especially when they concern earthquakes. for a long time, any scientific statements on this matter seemed like fortune-telling on coffee grounds, but recently the situation has begun to change, the possibility of obtaining, and most importantly, fast data analysis is fundamentally everything. destructive earthquakes occur in many parts of the planet, science has figured out where this is most likely to happen, but until recently it was almost impossible to determine a specific moment in time.

could predict an earthquake with an accuracy of up to 70%, including the magnitude, location and cause of the tremors. such accuracy allowed the team to win the competition. thanks to this competition, we were able to get a very good database and, most importantly, a real-time testing platform. according to chen, the artificial intelligence model that was created processes a huge amount of input and output data. it finds patterns, which is very difficult for humans to do on their own. the university team works with texnet, the texas seismological network, whose principal investigator is

alexandros sovaidis. we determine what parameters of crustal motion , indicators of the electromagnetic system sensors change before earthquakes, and thanks to this we can predict when they will change again in the future. at the moment of such. more tests in real time in various places on our planet. dina mitchill, andrey derkach, sergey dagotar, especially for the program details.

these were the details, once again we will look together with you into the world of the future in a week, while. its multinational people, it is written in the constitution of russia, how the russian authorities implement the basic law of the country, what is being discussed this week...

there, mom went out into the hallway, talked dad into going out, he didn't go out, he opened the blanket, knocked out the window, hit him with a shard, yeah, we used to live here, look, vladimir ilyich, lenin, thank you, we have this. so what, take it , take it, i wanted a big

house for myself, yeah. no, i just want one big house, a stove, a dining room, a bedroom, wired wi-fi, i thought it was normal, he'd buy something, eat, so i bought a ring. previously, one of the difficulties for manufacturers was to release a less grainy film so that all the details were visible, there was sharpness and so on, now all this is already in digital cameras, and people switching to film are looking for this grain.

i come from dagestan, a region that, in comparison with many other russian regions, not only the north caucasus, separately, and where there was some freedom of speech and where it was possible to write, criticize officials even in state publications, and what journalism in the region has turned into now, of course, is sad.

in afghanistan is really heartbreaking, so their stories and their hardships, obviously are the focus of what would mean to lose rfe, i will just say that coming from the balkans, working for rfe means that you close many many doors uh instantly

younger. only 4 months, we planned from the very beginning after marriage to have a large family with many children. when she left for the doctor, she said to stay happily. after that did not see mom? no. according to them, everything was fine with the wife and child, but the next day at 5:00 we are informed about her death. the parties to the conflict will try conclude. a local agreement on the evacuation from a besieged or surrounded area of ​​the wounded sick, disabled, elderly, children and women in labor , on the passage into this area of ​​clergy of all faiths, medical personnel and medical equipment.

click on the perimeter, nina.