here are data on orphanages, the mortality rate was up to 90%, well, practically children were collected, they died out, to call a spade a spade, no one was better off than others, everyone was equally bad, the famine zone, if you can call it that, went from ukraine to the west to the urals, there was a famine near st. petersburg, petrograd, to... the northern

coast of the caspian sea. if we are talking about the territory in general, then it was one million square meters, a huge territory. summer of 1921. deputy chairman of the executive committee of the samara province lenin. secret. there are no grain reserves left in the county towns. state canteens are closing. children in orphanages are starving. the cholera epidemic has reached a terrible state.

civil war, when transport fell into a deplorable state, when a significant part of the rural male population was diverted to military efforts, accordingly with... crops were reduced and accordingly harvests were reduced, when after the change of power the policy of confiscation towards the peasantry was activated, the whites came, the reds came, the whites came again, everything was at the expense of the village, the horse died, they take it from the nearest village, the cart broke down, they take it from the nearest village, there is not enough food or hay to take, in fact, the food tax is a non-bolshevik invention. the practice of taking agricultural products from the peasants began to be used at the end of the first world war, as a result, in the twenty-first year they played too much, excuse me, 42 food tax systems, 42 types of food tax systems

in the orenburg province, this is too much, why with a food tax razvorstki demand the delivery of rags of hooves, there is an answer, if you hand over a rag of hooves, then where is everything else, the rest of the animal, where is the meat? this is a very interesting fiscal move, witty, i would even say in my own way, it was easier to simply sow less, harvest less, in order to hand over less to the state for free, in fact, this practice, it played a cruel joke on the peasants, while the famine of the twenties, it was largely caused by this reduction, a conscious reduction. agrarian population sown areas, that is, they wanted, roughly speaking, to feed only themselves, and now let's put 1 + 1 together, that is, crop failure, weak economy, this is the most difficult situation with the lack

of reserves, resources and additional sources, so we got what peterim sorokin, a sociologist from the book, hunger as a factor, 1922, got, we said that at least 25 million people would have to die of hunger in the winter if the world did not come to their aid. when the terrible famine of 1921 came, there was no escape from it. a decision was made to involve those people whom the west trusted, who were not directly associated with the bolshevik regime, the first pomgol or all-russian committee. aid to the starving, it was a public organization that was created without any connection to the bolshevik bolshevik party. maxim gorky, writer: an appeal to all honest people of the world. the grain-growing steppes of the south-east of russia are affected by crop failure. the reason for this is an unprecedented drought.

the misfortune threatens millions of the population of russia with death from hunger. these are terrible days. i ask all honest people in europe and america to help the russian immediately. and after that , gradually , those who wanted to help began to turn to russia. washington, july 22. us secretary of commerce herbert hoover in a letter to secretary of state charles

evans hughes. i believe that humanism obliges us to intervene if they agree to the conditions set forth. if they do not refuse to accept them, we will be released from responsibility. the conditions were formulated as follows: immediate release of the americans held in russian prisons, guarantees of non-interference in the mission's activities , freedom of movement in russia. at the beginning of the nineteenth year, this is january-february, the structure is formed, just ara, the american administration of aid, american relief administration, which is headed by herbert hoover, while retaining all the other posts, including the us minister of food, so he begins to distribute this food. such a real big businessman of america of the twentieth century, he was a quaker, from childhood, he was imbued with the spirit of this religion and it was always important for him to help others, to help

those who suffer. august 20, 1921. lenin drafts a resolution of the politburo on the closure of the state committee for aid to the starving and the arrest or exile of its members. and on the same day in riga, an agreement was signed between the bolshevik government and the american aid administration. he independently on august 27 the same agreement will be signed with the mission of a scientist and public figure fridtjof nansen. he will coordinate the activities of about 30 international organizations. hoover was allowed to sign an agreement, according to which he was supposed to distribute this aid. it is surprising that the soviet authorities agreed to this. nansen had a slightly

different agreement with the government, all distribution was divided between the people of the nansen mission and the soviet officials themselves. lenin himself, the most important, of course, in this matter decided that although we are afraid of the americans, although we know that...

his home,

it will be taken away if the children take it away it will be taken away that the food by stronger members of the family, maybe older brothers or even parents, so all the rations that were given out in the canteen, these were different there were sweet porridge, for example, cocoa, soup with milk noodles and so on, they had to be eaten right in the canteen, nothing was allowed to be taken home, these portions of the layout...

the peasants, they really sincerely could not understand why help useless children when you need to help adults, who die as adults, who can work, who can cultivate the land and produce something useful. from the report of the head of the ara district office, george harins. a package of nansen is valued at 2 dollars and contains 7 kilos of flour, four cans of milk, a kilo of lard, a kilo of sugar and 40 grams of tea. u...

all the conditions, he went to russia himself and took photographs that many people later saw. saratov province will become a zone of special responsibility for nansen, everywhere he observed the same picture: a growing catastrophe: hunger, poverty, death. in december 1921.

but did not give up, instead, using the materials he had photographed in russia, he went and showed them, asked for funds from various charitable organizations. these were horrific photographs of people dying or already dead from hunger. at the same time , the artist sergei ivanov went from moscow to the volga region to see russia in its poverty with his own eyes, to capture, as he later wrote in his book the history of famine in bolshevik russia, what the land had become, which once gave us bread, and now is doomed to hopeless horror?

alors serge ivanov, this is the film of a moscow bourgeois family. the boy fell off the buffer and got hit under the belt, the train stopped , a curious and indifferent crowd gathered, the body was removed, the train, weighed down

with bunches of stowaways, moved on, everything was ordinary and simple. what's wrong with her? what's wrong - the nurse answered with deadly calm, she's dying, but for several days now, i

can't. come to my senses, trying, i went to the river bank, the lake he moved to finland, there he already met ulya repin, lived for some time at his dacha, maybe he showed him his sketches. in the samara madhouse the doctor introduced

me to cannibals, especially shocked by the old woman, sitting on the floor as if rocking someone in her arms. the daughter-in-law sent a girl to her on some errand, the grandmother strangled her and ate her. another hostel of the shelter - a girl of about ten years old, before her eyes ... her father and older brother killed a passerby, butchered him, cooked and ate, and you, and you, dad, let's go, what happened, why are you shouting, i caught a cannibal, an old woman, yes, i caught a cannibal, what are you talking about, why are you talking such horror, no, it's true, she collects poor children, then kills them

, they pestered me, fear allah, you are a cannibal, you yourself kill children, and you still dare to say something about allah, yes, i will kill you now, kupirikha, it means that you are taking children, well, if you kill me, then kill me, i have been drinking human blood for 3 months. how many children have i slaughtered and i myself have not i know.

it was the first famine after the times of troubles, when cases of cannibalism were officially recorded, that is, the situation reached such a point of despair that people could not get a new source of food and so after many centuries.

know about these cases, and there were russian photographers who took pictures, as we know, there were two museums

about the famine, such photographs were shown in these museums in russia and many of these photographs of cannibals, and cannibalism in the gubersky institute, many of them from russians photographers. ate all the cattle, then started eating, started eating people, people simply went crazy and reports have been preserved, authorities, fellow villagers themselves delivered their neighbors, who ate either corpses or killed people in order to eat, and it was very hard, hopeless suffering horror. bread from the land, and hunger from people, sowed with shot, shoots sprouted grave crosses,

taxes were taken in bread, and ... they removed livestock, seed grain, dogs gnawed, severed arms and heads, sold at the market cheap jellied meat, sickening sausage, lamb was on sale for 300, and human flesh for forty, the soul had long been cheaper than meat, and mothers, having slaughtered their children, salted them for future use, she gave birth herself, she will eat herself, i will give birth to others, maximilian voloshin, hunger there is no exact data on the demographic losses of the peasant population in the tatar republic, but here we can assume that these losses amounted to approximately 15 to 17%. this figure exceeded 5,000 people. the most terrible period in the history of the famine was the winter and spring

of 1922. the mission staff opened. canteen after canteen they organized the sending of parcels, everything that was in its power was done by the soviet government, but it was not possible to stop the catastrophe, that's what's amazing, in russia there were usually only 200 americans during a mission, a very limited number, but they worked with many russians, of course, but it was tens of thousands.

walter bell, district supervisor of the ufa district of ara. walter bell is one of my heroes, i would say, as a person, i would say, of excellent character, he was older, in general, than all the others who came to work there from america, he was about 45-47 when he

started working there, but... he simply loved russia, he loved bashkiria, where he worked, and in my opinion, they loved him there too, they gave him a bear, and his nickname was mishka, and they drove around the city in their ford, the bear sat and drove around the city with him. by april 1922 , paikameara provided for a third of the population of the bashkir republic. grows to 30,000, and the number of kitchens to 2,750. in the canteens of the ufa branch of ara they gave bread, cocoa, pudding, beans, rice and noodles. at first, naturally, kara was treated with some suspicion, but in ufa, as the colonel himself said, he was greeted quite warmly, and they just reported that the first train with...