for years he was known in new york city by his neighbors as the nazi next door or not anymore today ninety five year old yaki polly was deported from the u.s. to germany the white house says the former guard helped to murder jewish prisoners at a nazi death camp in poland an accusation that he has always rejected a poly has never been a citizen of germany but beginning tonight it is up to germany to decide if he should be tried for helping the nazis kill off in berlin this is the day. yesterday aug twentieth the u.s. government removed to germany uk of poly a former nazi got camp guard at the notorious trav miki slave labor camp for jews in nazi occupied poland so we think that there's enough evidence to show that he

used a gun to force people to stay in a camp and that can kill them we think that the evidence shows that he is guilty but i did not see nonsense on this issue with nazi crimes we have tremendous difficulties to solve those crimes because they date back so long and the situation on the ground has changed like this and in germany being a member of a criminal organization like the nazi s.s. is not enough to warn prosecution aiding and abetting all participating in america must be proven innocent you don't think he's ninety five years probably going to die at some point soon and so we wanted to make sure that he didn't die in peace and comfort in the united states and the german government can now figure out what to do with them. also coming up tonight it was fifty years ago today when takes rolled into truckloads of akio hopes of reforming communism behind the iron curtain were crushed by the soviet iron fist. and sixty

nine hundred sixty eight is always closely associated with this feeling of emotional shock that is tied to the occupation. to the twenty first of august in the days that followed it. no it is where people resisted nonviolently to where people really came together as one in a society. it was a very very powerful time that. we begin today with a man who could be one of the last people to stand trial for helping the nazis carry out the holocaust today ninety five year old yaki polly arrived in germany from the united states washington believes the former nazi camp guard was a nazi collaborator who escaped prosecution after the war by changing his name and building a new life in the u.s. in two thousand and three a u.s.

judge stripped poly of his u.s. citizenship but his deportation last night it almost never happened his native poland germany and other countries spent years refusing to take in germany finally agreed citing its moral obligation but there is no arrest warrant here in germany for poly and nazi war crimes prosecutors have already said there is still not enough evidence to justify any charges. to living quietly in new york for decades this was the moment history caught up with the. u.s. authorities arresting him for deportation to germany expelling the ninety five year old despite his plea of frailty has been a priority for the trumpet ministration born in what was then poland poly arrived in america in one thousand nine hundred nine concealing his nazi service from immigration officials. eight years later his application for citizenship was

granted. but in the one nine hundred ninety s. investigators caught up with him he admitted to them having trained at a nazi s.s. camp in trav nikky the site of one of the holocaust worst massacres claiming the lives of some six thousand jewish citizens a judge then revoked pollies american citizenship in two thousand and three a year later the us authorities ordered his deportation. until now though germany had refused to accept him on the grounds that he isn't a german and also because german investigators say the evidence against him using conclusive. but the u.s. ambassador lobbied strongly behind the scenes saying berlin had a moral obligation to admit a man suspected of committing crimes in germany's name he's ninety five he's probably going to die at some point. he says he's a little bit sickly and so we wanted to make sure that he didn't die in peace and comfort in the united states but that he was brought back somewhere to to face

justice on diplomatic rather than legal grounds the german government has now accepted that argument. of a more on this story i want to bring in rosenbaum he is the director of human rights enforcement strategy and policy at the u.s. department of justice he joins me tonight from our washington d.c. studio mr rosenbaum it's good to have you on the day we know that you and your colleagues spent years on this case and finally yaki of poly has been deported to germany now the u.s. ambassador to germany today says that the deportation took place because president trop finally put pressure on berlin is that how you see. i'm not privy to two diplomatic engagements at at that level i know that the ambassador has has said that the president asked him to to make this

happen and that the ambassador had extensive conversations with german officials and we appreciate germany's willingness to readmit polly who after all was ordered removed after u.s. courts found that he assisted in nazi sponsored persecution. on behalf of the former government of germany which gave him his weapon his uniform his orders. here in germany the nazi war crimes investigators and prosecutors they say that there is not enough evidence to charge polly with anything i mean with this deportation are we closer to having justice served or could we be seeing polley escape justice. i think that the deportation in and of itself. represents the attainment of a significant element of justice. we leave it to our colleagues in

germany with whom we've worked closely for nearly forty years on these nazi cases. to whom we are greatly indebted. particularly the. live explore her newly under the leadership of yes rommel we understand that standards legal standards are different in germany than they are in the united states i've worked on these cases for over three decades and i well remember when we deported hans lipschitz to germany a former auschwitz birkenau extermination camp guard and we were told and it was said publicly by the german government that the evidence is insufficient he can't be prosecuted thirty years later as. german courts own appraisal of their law in german prosecutors understanding of what was possible

evolved low and behold midst of them could be prosecuted and and he was arrested so we're dealing here both with different legal systems and in both of our countries evolving once you have been quoted mr rosenbaum as saying that trying to find nazi war criminals and gather evidence against them is very much a search for that proverbial needle in a haystack how much confidence do you have that german prosecutors will be able to gather the evidence that is necessary to bring this man to trial. our german colleagues are familiar with the evidence that we've amassed to be clear the united states government has taken the position that. germany should admit mr polly as a deportee from the united states we have not said that we believe that under

german law he can be prosecuted that is a matter soley within the province of german state law enforcement authorities. pauli is the last deportation case connected to possible nazi war crimes how many living nazi war criminals do you suppose are still in the us and what is against you the most time against you the most or having the resources to gather evidence. no one knows how many nazi perpetrators might still be in the united states we still have investigative work on the way as one might imagine that that workload diminishes each year because of actuarial realities. but it is as well an enormously challenging undertaking mostly it involves

a search by our gifted historians in our office. for the fragmentary documentary record the the surviving documents of the third reich the nazis themselves didn't manage to incinerate or that didn't get inadvertently destroyed in combat. and mr rosenbaum before we let you go you know you are called the u.s. is top nazi hunter would you describe yourself the same way. i don't care for the expression nazi hunter and it makes it seem as though it's a sport of some some sort of this is in both of our countries very serious law enforcement matter and it's handled you know by professional law enforcement personnel i do want to say that it should be remembered that yacc of polly lied his way into the united states by concealing service in at least three different s.s.

sponsored units and that part of his responsibility was to guard a labor camp which served to prevent the escape of jews who ultimately were as you said massacred he should not be permitted and will not be permitted and again we are grateful to the german government for its assistance and this will not be permitted to die in a country whose whose families sacrifice two hundred thousand of their sons and some daughters as well to bring an end to the nightmare of nazi terror any in europe was the reason we certainly do appreciate your time and your insights tonight only rosabel director of human rights enforcement strategy and policy at the u.s. department of justice mr rosenbaum thank you very much. well here in germany the compulsory military service or conscription was abolished in two thousand and eleven germany is not an outlier here most european countries

decided years ago to start converting their armed forces into purely professional armies won't was that the right decision or some lawmakers here in germany say the country needs more boots on the ground made possible by conscription i'll be talking to a member of the board does talk about that in just a moment but first we look at the case of sweden like germany sweden abolished military service but unlike germany sweden is now reintroducing it one argument the growing aggression posed by russia and the annexation of crimea is sweden's new old way of building a military delivering what lawmakers have promised an example that these young people are undergoing military training in sweden's forests are being put into shape to defend their country. this year sweden introduced conscription lasting eleven months for every high school graduate and that means both young men

and women. fighting to say thank you for me it's a matter of course it gives me something and i probably would have done it voluntarily he said mccain also. mean for me my family and friends think i should stay in it's most believe it will become my profession i'm not so sure myself but i really enjoy it. this year only about four percent of graduates and four thousand other young people will be involved in. the swedish government has reintroduced the draft mainly for defense reasons. when russia annexed as crimea when we have conflicts in ukraine and a military presence and activities at our doorstep in the baltic sea we have to make on the ready. and that's why we need general military conscription. in militarily neutral sweden

a return to conscription is taken rather lightly must be a south that's what i don't believe in a professional army everyone should be involved because i did military service years ago and found it good i must the fish that you have to defend your country i think it's good that girls and boys learn something before they take on for their study and thing and i bet yesterday. besides learning how to use weapons the young people also learned things they may not have learned at home. let's go right to them we teach them how to make their beds and how to take care of each other so that's very different from today's culture discipline so here we are individuals where a group get a band and the group is set to get larger sweden's army aims to increase the number it calls up in the near future. joining me here at the big table tonight is patrick or he is a member of the german parliament for chancellor i'm going christian democrats he is also a vehement advocate for

a return to military service here in germany and i should mention he is an active lieutenant colonel in the german army reserve misters in burgas good to have you back on the day you saw that report there about what the swedes are doing reintroducing conscription do you see what they're doing and do you think this is what germany should be doing to definitely if we look to sweden and just to to say it's a first we did suspend conscription we didn't abolish it so there is a chance to go back and call for young man and i think there's a change in the political situation since two thousand and eleven so that's the reason why we have the discussion now in germany explain to our viewers in two thousand and eleven when the law was passed then to suspend it the thinking at the time was we don't need conscription yes i think that was the main reason there were lots of discussion about we were against it even then right so are you. in a position now to look at your colleagues in the book this dog and say i told you

so i don't i wouldn't say that because i think the best way is to have a discussion about the actual political situation in terms of defense in terms of security there are a lot of changes since two thousand and eleven you mentioned in in the video right now what happened in crimea what happened in nato for example was going to ask you what is the number one in your opinion the number one reason why conscription should be reintroduced i think the most important missions for example afghanistan mali south sudan but first is national defense was the main threat was the number one threat i think the number one threat is not having the power to do by yourself national defense and you cut the question always is who is the threat which country i think it's like having a fire brigade and you ask in the witch house will the next fire that that's a good or several that's hard to answer but the question is can

a country defend itself and we have and the german army sixty one thousand soldiers always make the picture these soldiers fit in the olympic stadium in berlin and fall yeah the strongest economy in europe nothing it's not enough to have the size of. twenty eleven there have been very embarrassing reports about the german military having rifles that can't fire street having helicopters that you know you can't get off the ground having a military that has outdated equipment all of these things have happened in the last five to six years how is conscription young men and women right out of school coming into the middle how is that going to make your military a better military i think these are two different issues i think the condition of the german army is better than reported in many reports for example the rifle is thirty six has a very good rifle so it's an illusion. yeah i used it many many times it's delivered like it's ordered and it's

a very good weapon so i think the condition is better than it's reported but since the ninety's the german army was shrink the material was getting lower and lower in number and so the capability is less than in the ninety's and now we have a little bit changed the personal is getting more and we put more money in the defense budget so i think there's a changing of time you're spending more money now right you know are you doing that because your military needs it or because of the pressure that has been coming from president donald trump no it's because we need it and not because the material has got a better condition you have to renew the material year by year decade by decade so it's time for it and on the other side conscription is not something you do because . you need to for example material more personal you do it because you you want

to have the possibility to do national defense and i'm going to ask you when we've got you here about the russian threat we heard about it from the swedes i want you to take a listen what the u.k. foreign minister jeremy hunt recently said about dealing with that russian threat america expelled sixty russian diplomats and what i'm saying is now they're going a step further and doing sanctions given that this attack happened on european soil we was make sure that what we two matches up to that. he is saying that we europeans would must do as much as the americans are doing germany has not expelled any russian diplomats he's implying that the germans and the europeans are weak when it comes to dealing with russia compared to the u.s. or the u.k. that's the truth i don't think so germany is engaged for example in the baltic come with mission. there and i think that this is a sign for russia as well that we are present there. germany is increasing the

defense budget and we make quite clear that we do our part of burden sharing in the nato and in the you use december as always it's good to have you on the show we appreciate your insights always valuable information patrick since we're going to the german one is talk thank you thank you. oh it was fifty years ago today when soviet tanks rolled into checco slovakia crushing what became known as the prague spring today czech prime minister under-age bobbish tried to deliver a speech to mark the anniversary but the crowd of listeners and onlookers well they had a message for him take a listen. to what you are hearing there are shelves in check of shame on you aimed at the prime

minister some historians say that mr bobbitt was an informant for the state secret police under the communists in the one nine hundred eighty s. . when he double used for the kauffman traveled to prague and he introduces us to a resident who lived through the events of one nine hundred sixty eight and the return to hard line communism that followed. road and per hour retraces the past need the radio station building in prague fifty years ago dramatic scenes unfolded on this very street. for the. mall where i was standing in front of this tree. shells were exploding trouble was flying everywhere. explosions and shrapnel everywhere barricades were crushed by soviet tanks soldiers shot demonstrators there our took photographs on that long day along with many

other progress didn't stop in the early hours of august the twenty first one nine hundred sixty eight warsaw pact troops ended the prague spring dream of an open and humane communist system at the start of that year the communist party had begun allowing greater freedom of expression journalists working for czech radio we're no longer censored. or we did not want the radio building to be occupied. so people set up barricades they also set a tank on fire here. bob thought of the. images from that day is stored in the check archives of state security services the documents a studied in catalogues by historians like on very much a care the violent hands the products spring is still felt today. as a sixty nine hundred sixty eight is always closely associated with this feeling of emotional shock that is tied to the occupation. to the twenty first of august in

the days that followed it departed on our. lot is where people resisted nonviolently to where people really came together as one in our society says that. time it was a very very powerful time. dark. but the events of the products spring served only to fortify moscow's hard liners in the politburo czechoslovakia state security services immediately expanded and they took on additional spice historians believe that in the one nine hundred eighty s. the current prime minister on trade became one of them. and. bush was in the highest category meaning agent. denied the allegations a few weeks ago on an online channel where he himself phones some of them when the media claimed that i lost this state security affair and courses and then that is a lie. while many historians are convinced that czech prime minister used to serve

as an informant of the state security agency of communist czechoslovakia at least some office voters see it a little bit differently. last year about issues party became the strongest in the country after a populist election campaign but opinion about him is divided like you know it's not strange that he was an agent it would bother us but they haven't proved it. as a message of the word years and i think just about everyone is bothered by it but most people don't let it show so. these are things that are contrary to human principles and it's downright unprincipled that it is also that i don't know but it bothers me terribly i can't understand why so many people don't care. as people remember the events of the products springs violent ten fifty years ago it seems to debate about the country's communist past has also returned to the czech republic.

and today is nearly done but it's never the conversation continues online to find us on twitter either at u.w. news or you can write directly to me at brant goth t.v. don't forget to use hash tag the day every member whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day. well see you there never got.

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crush the investment bank lehman brothers start september thirteenth on g.w. . i work with a bunch of migrants you'd expect that at an international broadcaster and a migrant to and proud of it moving to a new country isn't easy it takes a lot of guts that's only half the battle integrating can take years and even after all that time some of my colleagues still feel like they don't quite fit.