>> this is "bbc world news america." >> funding of this presentation is made possible by -- the freeman foundation, newman's own foundation -- giving all profits from newman's own to charity and pursuing the common good, kovler foundation -- pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs, and mufg. >> it is a global truth. we can do more when we work together. at mufg, our banking relationships span cultures and support almost every institute across the globe, because

success takes partnership, and only through discipline and trust can we create something greater than ourselves. mufg, we build relationships that build the world. >> and now, "bbc world news america." >> this is "bbc world news america." reporting from washington, i am laura trevelyan. the war in syria has reduced cities to rebel or sing millions to flee. we have a special report on how the conflict is guiding europe's migrant crisis. >> the huge movement of people caused by war will pose europe big challenges, perhaps for years, because this war has a lot of killing left in it. laura: thousands are heading to greece which is struggling to cope with a rush of arrivals. ♪ elizabeth is about

to become the longest reigning monarch in british history. we look back at her 63 years on the throne. ♪ laura: welcome to our viewers on public television in america and around the globe. each night we try to make the connection the between an event between one event in the world and the global impact. nowhere is this more apparent than in the migrant crisis unfolding across europe, fueled by conflicts in the middle east. the u.n. says 4 million people have fled syria since the war began. they are seeking a better life on european shores. our middle east editor is inside syria with this report. you may find some of the images disturbing. a skeleton.

it was a palestinian refugee camp. families were forced out of israel in another war. no civilians are left on this site controlled by palestinian forces in the army. some families are heading to europe. a jihadist from al qaeda and the islamic state. thousands of trapped civilians. --ope is waiting belatedly is awaking belatedly to the consequences of having a major series of wars right on its doorstep. the immense movement of people caused by war will continue to pose europe big challenges, perhaps for years, because this war has a lot of killing left in it. the middle east is knocking on europe's doors and it will not go away. beaches on syria's

mediterranean coast could be in a different country. still play in the waves instead of dying in them. for the well off, the sea is for fun, not escape. it is the provincial capital, and a regime stronghold. because it is relatively safe, the population has more than doubled and it has absorbed 1.6 million syrians who are refugees and their own country, twice as many as germany has taken. 7000 are at a camp at the sportscenter. they are well looked after. beenefugee crisis has created and is driven by war.

her fled here after another syrian capital fell to war. she escaped with her husband and five youngest children. running.rted i saw them in my own eyes, they man andchering a playing with his head. i ran away with my children. they could not stop crying and had nightmares. >> at the military hospital, they judge the philosophy of the fighting by the number of syrian army casualties they receive. a huge number at the same

time. among hundreds of thousands of wounded, one estimated that 18,000 syrian army soldiers had been killed, more than the regular fighting strength of the british army. this soldier did not want to be identified. he lost his arm. >> i am in pain. cannot see that. i do not want her to worry about that. when i get a new arm i will go and see her. >> in this village, everyone turned out after some were killed on the front line. the army's backbone from the as theligious sect persecutors. the syrian army attacks often crave more refugees, and so do advancing jihadists.

war makes people flee for their lives. they reported back to their units. jeremy bowen, bbc news, syria. more on the instability within syria i spoke with admiral -- with an admirable who formerly served as the supreme allied commander at nato and is now the dean of the fletcher school. militarya situation you can see that would end the killing in syria that is fueling the exodus of refugees to neighboring countries and europe? is zero possibility of a military solution. this is a classic example of a military, but absolutely economic, diplomatic, political,

cultural communication. it requires a 360 set of tools. laura: none of which seems to be there. we are hearing reports that the u.s. administration is monitoring a russian military buildup in syria. how concerned are you buy a russian attempted to back up president assad? >> it is counter productive. russia would be welcome to join the anti-sonic state coalition. at last count there were 45 andons in the united states in the nato nations. inserting itself into a brutal civil war war on the side of a horrific regime -- it is only going to be counterproductive and will prolong the violence, unfortunately. laura: how about this administration's attempt to back up the moderate syrian rebels. you have confidence it could work down the road? >> i think over the long distance there are

possibilities, but in the short term, as you know, that program has not succeeded. small numbers, probably excessively high standards of vetting, and not a lot of enthusiasm on the part of the syrian people -- that part of the equation has not been very successful. laura: how big of a concern is it for your former colleagues of nato, the exodus and influx of migrants? a extremely concerning on couple of levels. first and foremost is the human crisis of this. thousands of people drowning at dying trying to cross dangerous borders. young children and women becoming victims of smuggling outfits. it is a humanitarian crisis. within that slipstream of humanity, hundreds of thousands of migrants moving, the jihadists will be able to insert

themselves and come into europe proper. that is a bad combination. from a nato perspective we have to take that seriously. laura: even if there is a risk of jihadists coming in with the influx of migrants, europe is trying to settle 160,000 migrants. for america to take 65,000, what do you think? >> i think the united states should take between 50000 and 100,000 refugees. this is not a european problem, it is a transatlantic problem. the essence of the nato alliance and the essence of the transatlantic relationship is that we are partners and allies to help each other in times of need. this is a time for that kind of help from the united states to support our friends and allies in europe. laura: thank you for joining us. >> thank you, laura. laura: greece is one of the

countries battling under the strain. more than 20,000 people have flooded on to the island of lesbos. it is on the verge of an implosion. united nations stepped in to help the authorities process the huge amount of people going to athens. our special correspondent sent this report. fairy,ame on the turkish -- the turkish ferry, safe, legal, the root of welcome with passports from countries free from war. foruch peaceful transit them. some 20,000 syrian refugees have arrived on this small island since the upsurge in the crisis. >> we just arrived in was bows -- andve spen days we've spent days talking to refugees talking about them getting here. this is what they find on their first step of the european

journey. europe has heard so much about their plight. to each new arrival their story is urgent. moving on is imperative. where do you want to get to? you want to get to norway? god willing. we have been here for 6 days. we have spent all of the money we have had, she says. everybody wants to board the the athens, the next step on the journey. a pregnant woman swelter's in the que for tickets. you can hear the sound of police trying to keep order. keep the line.to everyone is waiting to get a ticket that will take them from was bows to athens, then deeper into europe. towill take them from lesbos athens, then deeper into europe. at first the line moves neatly, then tempers fray.

these scenes last night prompted to sayek authorities they are overwhelmed. syrians try to force their way past guards and onto a ferry bound for athens. this is the response for the new arrivals, speeding registration set up overnight by the greeks and the you win. 7000 were registered this morning and will be allowed to move on with more ships moving in. the appeal for urgent help from your from local officials. >> we are now waiting for the fast response for the european institutions. problem only not a for the island, not only for greece, but a european and international issue. it must be dealt with in that way. >> at the port the press of people continues. and exhausted roy breaks down. nobody knows how many more like him are coming and if the greek island will be able to cope.

bbc news, lesbos. the united states has reopened is the fanatic mission to somalia 22 years after pulling out. -- reopened its diplomatic mission to somalia 22 years after pulling out. they withdrew after the black hawk down incident in 1993 that left 18 american servicemen and hundreds of somalians dead. democrats in the senate have blocked the passage of the disapproval resolution against the iran nuclear accord. the house was gratified to receive the support of the 41 lawmakers, but it is not clear if there will be delaying tactics to block a final vote on the disapproving measure. i county clerk at the center of the debate of gay marriage in the u.s. has been released from jail. ♪ laura: kim davis was locked up since last week after refusing to issue marriage licenses to

same-sex couples. she said it was conflicting with her religious beliefs, but many felt it was her duty to carry out the law of the land. now that she has been released davis going toim issue the marriage licenses to same-sex couples or not? >> just promised the court she will not stop her colleagues, the deputies, from issuing the licenses. that was a provision that she gave to be allowed to be released. we will here today if she will continue to object. it is something that was entertaining and bizarre, her coming out to "eye of the tiger." she thanked her supporters. hundreds of and calling for her release. she thanked them and god, but did not save she will continue to object or not. laura: presidential candidates are taking on her cause? >> yes, we are in the throes of

the presidential republican -- of the republican presidential nomination process. mike huckabee stole the spotlight and talked about how even though the supreme court has made gay marriage illegal across the country, it happened in june, he supported -- as made gay marriage legal across the country, it happened in june, he supported her. there are other candidates that say they do not agree with gay marriage, but it is the law, and officials have to adhere to it. laura: still to come on tonight's program, death in brazil sparks protest as intention is leaders try to reclaim land they say is theirs. the standoff with the ranchers it's a violent. -- gets violent. people are bitten by snakes every year and tens of thousands die from lack of treatment. many are children in sub-saharan africa. one of the most effective types

of and a is about to run out. our global correspondent reports now. .> beautiful, but deadly these are some of the most dangerous snakes on earth. they are usually found areas ofg in rural sub-saharan africa. at the liverpool school of tropical medicine they are thankfully behind reinforced glass. >> their bites kill a lot of people in sub-saharan africa. they're one of the most ugly snakes in africa. they are very well camouflaged, they do not move a lot, they are sitting on the ground. 's people walk near them or step on them they will be bitten. >> how quickly would that kill you? >> it could kill you in a number of hours, but more likely in a day or two. to find newis on treatments. stocks of what experts call the most effective anti-venom in sub-saharan africa will expire

in june and there is no more coming. it is an expensive process. venom is taken from snakes like this, and tiny amounts are given to horses or sheep which create anti-bodies to fight the poison, and that is what is used in the anti-venom. scientists do this almost every day. it is a very risky business. >> that is why we are wearing the face masks. spitting cobras can spit venom from three or four meters away. it is painful for the eyes. >> experts around the world a meeting in switzerland to try to find a solution to deal with the devastation caused by these killer creatures. bbc news, liverpool. ♪ in brazil, indigenous leaders have accused the government of pursuing a deliberate policy of genocide. indian officials have been

killed in the west of the country. both sides blame the government, they are standing by and doing nothing about a contentious land dispute. bbc reports. ♪ >> the fight for land rights in brazil is as old as the country itself. it is often brutal and sometimes fatal. the pain on these faces reflects another tragedy as they are paying respect for another leader that was killed during the attempt to get their land. >> they shot him in cold blood says his friend as we watch harling footage of the aftermath. they deliberately target our leaders, he says, but we are not

giving up. this is the spot where the religious leader, the 24-year-old, was shot and killed. isording to the addition people it was by a hired gun on the other side of the river. say this hasaiowa been legally designated as their land. they will stay here until -- stable -- stay here and fight, even if others are killed. some 1600 guarani-kaiowa have matto grossoin do sul, returning home after a decade of discrimination. policy of genocide, a legal process designed to kill our people, slowly but surely. do not have the basic conditions to survive, so we have no choice

but to occupy, retake our land, otherwise we cannot survive as a people. been ahers have long part of brazil's drive to development in conflict with the indigenous people. while some farmers have moved on from the disputed land, others are refusing to move. has most ranchers, gino legal titles to his farm. he blames the government for doing nothing while an inevitable conflict loomed. >> this is my family's land says gino. if the indians take it over, what do you think i'm going to do? lose all i have worked for? brazil's army is keeping the two sides apart and preventing new land invasions and retribution. the guarani-kaiowa may have succeeded in recovering what was historically theirs, but it has

come at a high price, and their lives are burdened by poverty and discrimination. davies, matto grosso do sul, brazil. laura: queen elizabeth is about to become the longest reigning monarch in british history to reach you seen a dozen prime ministers come and go during her 63 years on the throne. i present to you, queen elizabeth. be queen, not born to but her reign is the longest in british history. her coronation set her apart to a light of service. that service spanned seven decades. from the 1950's when she was young and her 20's, bringing up a family, to the years that followed. she has been there for moments of triumph and moments of tragedy.

she is traveled the world, no head of state in history is traveled so widely. she is witnessed huge change. and has met every contemporary leader of note. in britain she has been served by 12 prime ministers, from churchill to cameron. john major. >> many people will be pretty concerned, the voters, and perhaps frightened about the sheer pace of change. throughout the last 60 or so years, the queen has been an absolute constant. as prime ministers and celebrities have come and gone, life has changed, she and the monarchy have been a constant in their lives. i think that is very reassuring. largely was a time, forgotten now, when she did occasionally speak out on

issues. in 1949, for example, aren't as elizabeth talked about the evils of divorce. that's stopped the moment she became queen. talked out elizabeth about the evils of divorce. that stopped the moment she became clean. .> she's a good mimic all of those things, but public firm behindre very the padlock placed on the warrior lips. >> -- on the royal lips. meets here queen prime minister, she has the opportunity to question, ask, and counsel. nobody knows, and no prime minister is going to tell you exactly what happens in those meetings. those who say she has been too passive, how can they possibly know? >> lords and members of the house of commons -- monarch, the crown

personified, the embodiment of the state. familiar to many, but known to few. the latest and longest serving in a line that stretches back more than a thousand years. what she really like? >> she is never unkind or cool. she never makes sarcastic experience, about anyone she has met in the course of her official duties. she can still see the funny side of things that have happened. she can have people in stitches. ii of theelizabeth united kingdom, and monarchy issued by old-fashioned values and forward thinking pragmatism that has entrenched the figure of the monarchy. she has -- she will never retire. she will be worthy of your trust as she pledged during her coronation until the end of her days. the constant queen

elizabeth bringing today's broadcast to a close. "bbcall of us here on world news america" thank you for watching. please tuned in tomorrow. ♪ >> make sense of international news at bbc.com/news. >> funding of this presentation is made possible by -- the freeman foundation, newman's own foundation -- giving all profits from newman's own to charity and pursuing the common good, kovler foundation -- pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs, and mufg. >> build a solid foundation and you can connect communities and commerce for centuries, that is the strength behind good banking relationships, too. which is why at mufg, we believe financial partnerships should

endure the test of time, because with time comes change -- what matters in the end is that you are strong enough to support it. mufg, we build relationships that build the world. >> "bbc world news" was presented by kcet los angeles.

captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> ifill: good evening, i'm gwen ifill. judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight, the european migrant crisis: frustration and tensions grow. our william brangham reports from hungary on clashes with police at the border, and on the trains bound for western europe. >> as hungarian prime minister orban calls for work on the barrier to be sped up to keep refugees and migrants out, others in europe are debating how and whether to let more people in. >> ifill: also ahead this tuesday: an iran nuclear deal that now cannot be undone, as democratic senators push it over a key threshold. plus, from trash to treasure: how a gourmet chef salvages food scraps from going to waste. and, magical forces unleashed in new york city.