>> this is "bbc world news america." funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation, newman's own foundation, giving all profits from newman's own to charity and pursuing the common good, kovler foundation, pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs, and aruba tourism authority. >> planning a vacation escape that is relaxing, inviting, and exciting is a lot easier than you think. you can find it here in aruba. families, couples, and friends can all find their escape on the island with warm, sunny days, cooling trade winds, and the

crystal blue caribbean sea. nonstop flights are available from most major airports. more information for your vacation planning is available at aruba.com. >> and now, "bbc world news." jane: this is "bbc world news america." reporting from washington, i am jane o'brien. making inroads in the fight for mosul, our correspondent is with iraqi security forces as they battle islamic state fighters. town is under attack. it is all that lies between these men and mosul city proper. jane: donald trump names another military man to replace the national security advisor he fired last week. we look at the challenges ahead for general hr mcmaster. >> you put it on the site and

you just karate-chop it. you have to shake it up a ton beforehand. jane: and tackling one of life's great frustrations -- how technology can get ketchup out of the bottle. jane: welcome to our viewers on public television in america and those around the globe. there has been ferocious fighting between iraqi forces and so-called islamic state as troops battle their way towards the city of mosul. britishis supported by and american special forces, are trying to take control of the west of the city, where thousands of i.s. fighters remain. quentin sommerville and our cameramen are embedded with iraqi forces, and warning, the report contains graphic images. quentin: iraq says its mosul

operation is the dawn of the victories, and on the second day of their offensive, the troops again prepared to face the so-called islamic state. an armored force set on the city's west. yesterday the iraqi forces moved like a blitzkrieg through this terrain. today it is a bit slower. the reason being is all along, there are suspected roadside bombs laid by the islamic state. slowed to a crawl at times, bomb disposal technicians inched along the road. but above, they have full command of the skies. in their sites, small i.s.-held town. emptied of people, every home there became a target.

this town is under attack. it is all that lies between these men and mosul city proper. we managed to get here in record time, and now from the air and from land, they are trying to take it. and here is why -- for the first time, these forces have sight of mosul. for this colonel, it is an important prize and critical to the campaign. >> it is very important for us because it is on high ground and that is very good in helping us when can full of the airport, which is below us. -- win control of the airport, which is below us. quentin: iraqi forces are using the latest warfare tools.

filmed this morning during the battle, watch as this gunship strikes. american and british special forces are a mostly unseen hand helping along. the results are deadly. this motorbike was cut in half by an airstrike. the corpses, believed to be 2 i.s. fighters, lie in the dirt. by the afternoon, it was back in government hands. it is not -- but it had not slipped fully from the militants' grip. they struck back, killing at least 2 soldiers. and the day ended as it began, with i.s. homemade bombs. so these tactics are designed to slow down the advance of the federal troops. i.s. are using them in greater

concentration in bigger towns and villages. as these troops move forward, they will experience better defenses and more resistance. that can mean more casualties. and others were badly injured. still, this was another important iraqi victory, but winning against the islamic state comes at a cost. quentin sommerville, bbc news, on mosul's southern front. jane: the fight against islamic state is one of the challenges awaiting donald trump's new choice to be national security advisor. today he named lieutenant general hr mcmaster to replace general michael flynn, who was fired after misleading vice president over his contacts with russia. mr. trump made his announcement at his weekend retreat in mar-a-lago, where he had been speaking with 4 possible candidates. president trump: a man with tremendous talent and experience. i watched and read a lot the

last two days. he is highly respected by everybody in the military and we are very honored to have him. jane: for more on general mcmaster's new role and the challenges ahead, i spoke a brief time ago with a man who served as the director for iraq at the national security office and is now at the new america foundation. we've got some gremlins in the system there, so we will move on. ambassador to the united nations has died suddenly after falling ill at his office in new york. had been moscow's representative to the u.n. since 2006 and was widely respected by his peers. former u.n. ambassador rice samantha power called him a diplomatic maestro, while russian president vladimir putin was said to be upset by the

news. the cause of death was not immediately known. the united nations says a famine in south sudan is a man-made catastrophe and not the result of natural causes. officials blamed the civil war and economic collapse on the emergency. the government and the u.n. say that 100,000 people are affected with another million in the -- threatened in the coming months. this report is from the capital city, juba. reporter: when famine hits, the smallest suffer. there is acute malnutrition in the children's hospital in the capital, but it is far worse up country where the fighting goes on. he is 2 and his skin condition are obviousd belly symptoms of hunger. >> really bad. i am here for some years but this year it is really

increasing. the rate has increased. reporter: she gets one or maybe 2 meals a day. her mother cannot afford to feed her amid the economic chaos that civil war brings. this is unity state, the rebels stronghold where 100,000 people now feel the effects of famine and one million more are on the brink. some aid has been delivered, but not enough. famine is not declared lightly, only one help is not reached and large numbers of people are starving to death every day. >> the real tragedy is this is largely man-made. we have famine and food insecurity has worsened in many parts of the country, largely because of this unfortunate conflict. because of fighting, insecurity, access challenges.

also because of attacks on humanitarian workers and the looting of our assets. we have not been able to provide assistance as we would have wished. reporter: for more than three years, a civil war has carried out across south sudan largely along ethnic lines. the former vice president and the president in the hat are from the 2 main tribes. ther political spat tor country in two. hundreds of thousands of people are in camps set up by the united nations across the country for their own protection. 1.5 million have fled to neighboring countries, creating one of the worst refugee crises in the world. towns have emptied. here in the crop-growing south of the country, adding to the food shortages. in the last six months, 450,000 people have fled to uganda. thousands still cross the border every day, describing

atrocities, rape, and murder, by soldiers from both sides. the u.n. has warned of a potential for genocide, and now a deepening famine, unless the war is stopped. jane: ok, let's go back to the appointment of general mcmaster as donald trump's new national security advisor. our guest served as the director for iraq at the national security council and is now at the new america foundation. what will he bring to the table? >> well he is really smart. ,he is real candid. you are never in doubt as to what he thinks about a subject. and he is very strong-willed. this could be a very interesting addition to the cast of characters in the white house. jane: you say candid. there are many people in the administration who "speak their minds." is not going to cause a problem?

don't we have enough of that type of character there? >> well, it is easy to see there being a surplus of this type of candor in the white house and it will be interesting to see how he fits into this constellation of characters you referred to. jane: he is military. the nsc is not a military organization. >> he will have to broaden himself a very, very quickly. again, he is very smart, has a doctorate in history. it is not like he never did anything but go to rifle ranges. but on the other hand he will have to expand his skill set and perhaps think about things in a slightly broader sense. but we have a long history of military officers who have been able to do that -- general powell and general scowcroft are considered 2 of the very best national security advisers in history. they rose to the challenge and there is no reason he couldn't. jane: nevertheless it will be a tricky juggling act.

the nsc has gone through a lot with the ouster of michael flynn and the tensions between trump and intelligence community. how crucial is this relationship? >> it is absolutely crucial but he will have to do a couple of things very quickly. there has been all this turmoil in the nsc and its personnel and he will have to look downward very quickly and straighten out the organization beneath him. then he will have to look laterally at the people around him -- steve bannon, most prominently in the news, but other figures, the white house chief of staff, others who are more or less is peers. and he will have to look up and build a relationship with the president very quickly. if the national security adviser doesn't have that relationship with the president, he is not really the national security advisor. it is the last person that talks to the president on the national security matters. jane: very briefly, what is the first thing on his to do list? >> he needs to fix what is going

on below him, the turmoil and angst among the people there, and build a relationship with the president. jane: thank you for joining me. .> my pleasure jane: hundreds of people have been arrested in immigration raids in the last few days. president trump had promised to crack down on those in the country illegally. but there is concern in many immigrant communities about how they should respond to a knock on the door. rajini vaidyanathan has more. rajini: president trump's crackdown on illegal immigration has seen hundreds arrested in raids in recent weeks. the government says they are only targeting people who pose a threat to public safety. but some of those detained don't even have criminal records. there are fears the net is being cast much wider. at this housing complex, oscar is handing out leaflets to educate people on what to do if an immigration officer knocked on their door. many residents here are undocumented immigrants, here without valid papers.

and after recent raids in the area, they are on edge. >> i'm scared because i have family here. i've got my son, i've got my brothers, and i have got my wife. we came here just for live more better and put food on the table. rajini: oscar's job isn't easy. president trump's pledge to increase deportations has left many frightened. >> they don't want to open because they fear it my the immigration department. rajini: this mother of 4, who did not want to be identified, came from el salvador 15 years ago. >> i'm afraid. when someone knocks on the door, i ask who it is first. if i recognize the voice, then i open the door. one of my friend's husbands was arrested by immigration.

he was coming home from work and they arrested him. rajini: nationwide, there have been protests against president trump's deportation policies. but many argue they are not that different from those of his predecessor. president obama was nicknamed the deporter in chief for the high numbers of undocumented immigrants that his administration removed from the u.s. at his weekend rally in florida, president trump stressed the need to deport serious criminals. president trump: the gang members -- bad, bad people. i said it. day one, they are going out, or they are being put in prison. but for the most part, get them the hell out of here and bring them back to where they came from. rajini: recently leaked memos suggest his team are considering wider policies which could involve wider numbers of undocumented immigrants. many support tougher deportation policies. herest people come

wanting to have a better lifestyle or standard of living. but the fact is, there are others who come with them who mean us harm or are just bad people. the only way to stop those is to stop everyone. rajini: but for the estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants already in the u.s., the impact of president trump's policies on their future is unclear. for some, that uncertainty is creating anxiety. rajini vaidyanathan, bbc news, maryland. jane: you are watching "bbc world news america." still to come on tonight's program, shining her star power on one of the worst atrocities of the 20th century. why angelina jolie wanted to make a film about cambodia's khmer rouge. footage has emerged on the attack of the half-brother of north korea's leader of hearing to show a woman approaching kim jong nam and holding something over his face. reporter: these are the last moments of kim jong nam's life,

as he walked into kuala lumpur airport a week ago today. suddenly, a woman in a white top grabs him from behind and places something around his face. she then calmly walks away. the whole thing has taken less than five seconds. cannts later, kim jong nam be seen seeking help from airport staff. he told them he had something white on his face and was feeling dizzy. these final images show him being led to the airport medical center. a short time later, he collapsed and died. the accusation north korea's dictator had his own brother assassinated today prompted this response. days sinceeen seven the incident but there is no clear evidence on the cause of and at the moment we cannot trust the investigation by the malaysian police. malaysian police now

have 4 suspects in custody. women from indonesia and vietnam are accused of carrying out the attack. they claimed they had no idea what they were doing, but they were paid to take part in what they thought was a television show prank. that on saturday, police detained a 46-year-old north korean man. but 4 other north korean suspects appeared to have got away, flying to jakarta on the day of the murder. the malaysians still don't know what was on the cloth that was nam'sacross kim jong-u face. a second autopsy has been order to identify the toxin that killed him. jane: her presence on screen is matched only by her time in the tabloids and devotion to her causes. now angelina jolie has turned her talents to telling the story of cambodia's mass killings

under the khmer rouge in the 1970's. the actress and director has been talking exclusively to the bbc. reporter: hollywood royalty meets cambodian royalty. the backdrop, an ancient temple. it is the biggest movie premiere this country has ever seen. the director, angelina jolie, says the film speaks to this nation's people. their actors, their language, their story. angelina: this war that happened 40 years ago and what happened to these people was not properly understood. and not just for the world, but for the people of the country, i felt like i wanted them to be able to reflect on it in a way that they could absorb, through the eyes of a child. and it is a lot about love. reporter: the khmer rouge, a radical communist movement, vowed to take the country back to year zero.

millions were forced out of the cities in an attempt to create a rural utopia. you could be killed for practicing religion, showing emotions, or even wearing color. in 4 years, 2 million people died. speaking to the people here, i get the sense that they don't want to remember the past, but they also can't forget it. there are 20,000 mass graves across this country like these ones. a visual reminder of what this nation has been through. the haunting portraits of death, hundreds of images of those who were tortured at the notorious prison. more than 12,000 people were killed here. in the end, only a handful survived. this 86-year-old is one of them. "they beat me for 12 days and 12 nights," he tells me. survived.

"i was so hungry, when i saw a cockroach, lizard, or mouse, i would catch and eat it." angelina jolie's keen to tell the story and focus on the country and its past but it is , difficult to keep the spotlight off her personal life. we know an incident occurred that led to your separation and you haven't said anything about this. would you like to say something? angelina: [sighs] only that -- i don't want to say much about that, except it was a very difficult time, and we are a family, and we will always be a family. and we will get through this time and hopefully be a stronger family for it. reporter: but this moment is

about cambodia, and remembering the time when this ancient culture was almost wiped out. jane: angelina jolie, always a fascinating character on or off the screen. it is a problem that burger lovers and french fry dippers have dealt with for decades, how to get the ketchup out of the bottle. do you shake, do you pound, do you use a knife -- never done that. scientists in boston have created a new bottle which lets every drop come sliding out. reporter: it is always an effort, and everyone has their own technique. >> you put it on its side and you karate-chop it. >> you have to shake it up a time beforehand. >> i give it a good shake, just go like that a lot. reporter: it is something we have all struggled with, how to get that last drop of ketchup out of the bottle.

scientists have come up with an invention where it just glides out. watch. it is not just the ketchup. it can work for toothpaste, makeup, hand cream. even glue. here at m.i.t., they developed this clever new technology. >> what i have here is the super slippery technology. you can see it glides easily. reporter: and you can do that with food as well. >> absolutely. here i have mayonnaise in the regular bottle. reporter: sticky as ever. >> and here is the bottle, and you can see the mayonnaise slides easily as well. reporter: the container has been specially engineered to enable the ketchup or any other sticky liquid to slip out easily.

scientists coat the inside with a rough surface and put a thin layer over it, and cover that with a liquid, which fills in the troughs and forms a slippery surface, like an oily floor. the ketchup hovers on top and just glides out of the bottle. this coating process could cut huge amounts of waste. we dispose of 40 billion containers that still have sticky liquids in them. the technology is already being used for paints. look how the untreated tin compares with the coated one on the right. gallons of material is thrown 200 million away by industry each year because it gets stuck to tanks. back at the diner, when the super-slippery bottle is available in a few years time, mealtime will be a little less tricky. bbc's, boston. jane: that's it, i'm off to practice my ketchup knife

technique, but you can find out more of the day's news on a website, and to reach me and the bbc team, go to twitter. for now, thanks for watching. >> make sense of international news at bbc.com/news. >> funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation, newman's own foundation, giving all profits from newman's own to charity and pursuing the common good, kovler foundation, pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs, and aruba tourism authority. >> planning a vacation escape that is relaxing, inviting, and exciting is a lot easier than you think. you can find it here in aruba. families, couples, and friends can all find their escape on the

island with warm, sunny days, cooling trade winds, and the crystal blue caribbean sea. nonstop flights are available from most major airports. more information for your vacation planning is available at aruba.com. >> "bbc world news" was presented by kcet, los angeles.

captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight... >> general h.r. mcmaster will become the national security advisor. >> woodruff: president trump announces his new national security advisor after the controversial ousting of michael flynn. then, the search to find closure for families who have lost loved ones on the dangerous journey across the u.s. southern border. >> i would think, where's my brother? what happened to him? how did he die? >> woodruff: and, our politics monday team takes stock of the first month of the trump presidency. all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.