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the freen foundation. by judy and peter blum kovr foundation; pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs. and by contributions to this pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ ros: i'm ros atkins. welcomeo "outside source," in the u.k., pressure to stop fpeoplem other households mixing during christmas. >> our health system is not going to manage if we allow the current trend to continue, a super spreader event that will be five days of chstmas. ros: netherlands begins five days restrictions while germany

goes into a new lockdown wednesday after record infections. in nigeria, an islamist group says it objected hundreds of schoolboys from a boarding school ♪on friday. a warm welcome to our viewers on pbs in america, and everyone erie let's begin with a meeting of the four nations of the u.k. to discuss tightening rronavirus restrictions o christmas. it has finished without agreement and there is no sign the u.k. government is about to change policy, but pressure on this issue has been growing all day. here are two of the u.k.'s leading medical journals, publishing a joint editorial calling on the governmento stop any household mixing at christmas. they describe the current plan to allow thr households together is a rash decision that will cost lives.

here are the editors. >> striking, stark truth of the matter is that ourem health sy is not going to manage if we love the current trend to continue, the super spreader event that thll be five days of christmas. >> we are on courseor about 19,000 covid patients in english hospitals. at the start of the second wave, the number was 451. ros: bear in mind, it was yesterday the government nounced 34 million people in the u.k. will now be living ctunder the toughest restns from midnight, and a few hours time -- in a few hours time. the level of controls is rising generally, but betweenbe dec 23 of december 27, it will be relaxed, people will be able to mix with up to three households and stay overnight. there is an extra sign of travel to and from northern ireland as this morning, one government minister said this. >> weiz should reco it has

been very diffilt year. many families will want to get together during that traditional period,, and tt doesn't mean people will coinue to act irresponsibly, but we should trust people. s: the prime minister of wales don't support tigening restrictions. however, scotland's first minist nichola sturgeon, thinks differently. >>nk i t we should have that given family patterns across the u.k., but it is a case for us looking at whether we tighten flexibilits we are given any further, in terms of duration and numbers of people. ros:ere's more from our bbc correspondent. correspondent: it was a big thing for the four nations of the u.k. to agree on a commonor approach christmas, because they have gone their separate ways on restrictions over the

past few weeks and mons. they will reconvene tomorrow to ush out details. but let me tell you what i think the definitions are. in england, i don't think regulations are going to change. that means the law won't change be allowed to meet in groups of three households over five days of christmas. i do think, however, there is going to be tightening, i don't know what that will entail, but ere has been a long discussion potentially goingtierle three areas, which are facing the most strict restrictions, to tier one areas, which areboost reflexiv. ros: for the case on more restrictions during christmas, an epidemiologist at the university of buckingha i have been nervous about this since it was first announced. and i think many people working in the field are, the reason

being that the virus is not going on holiday for five days. that we are going to allow this increased mixing at a time when slightldown has decreased transmission, but we have seen it rising again. and we are really at a high-levelg so we are go be going from bad u to terriblortunately, i think. ros: but when you look at the mainrivers of the increase and the infection rate, whereould you place indoor household mixing? >> so there has been a lack of debate about whether it is hospitality, indoor household mixing, schools, the fact is, it is all of these peer the virus thrives on contacts between people. it will increase when contacts between people increase, so it doesn't matter what the venue for contact is.we know when youa prolonged period indoors, especially with people with whom uryou are comfortable, yo

behavior is not going to be that which guards against transmission, and there is not going to be enough air ehanged to preclude transmission. so we know that that is a very dangerous environment. ros: that is the debate in the u.k.. there are debates like this across europe at the moment, and many countriesre stepping up coronavirus strictions. transfers, it moves out of its second lthkdown today. means some increased freedom of movement, but theaters, cinemas, bars and restaurants will remain closed. in paris, thousandsred to protest. many of these people say they are missing out on the holiday season, which would account for a large part of their income. the responded, saying financial aid will be provided. netherlands next, it is going into a second, strict lockdown,h schools ans setting -- shutting for at least five weeks. restaurants and bars will remain closed. we haven speaking to some le there. >> i am sad has to be done, but

it is important. ros: this is the bbc' anna colligan ie hague. >> many people had been dreaming of a raxed christmas, but over the weekend there were photos of people congregating in christmas shops, christmas shopper at the figures are now almost dole the worst case scenario so this christmas town --t. crackdown feels almos inevitable.and actually, these o further than the dutch have done in the past. it is the toughest crackdown yen in this y. what do they want? all essential shop -- all nonessential shops will be closed from today. hiever from garden centers to diy stores. wsupermarkets and grocel stay open. eaters, meums, cinemas, amusement parks will all be closed. ros: germanyit next. egins a partial lockdown

wednesday, nonna sean zero -- non-essential shops and cinemas closing. >> this is the worst bit of the pandemic germany has seen so far. german so far, until recently, was thought to have done qui well. infection rates were relatively low when the death rate overall remained pretty low, cerinly throughout summer, infection rates dwindled massively. but we have seen over the past month tn alarming -- over the past month, a really alarming surges. in number rates might be between 300 and 600 today, the highest germany has seen. the overall death toll has risen very rapidly, from 10,000, where it was stuck for quite a while until recently, now to over 20,000. it is rising pretty rapidly, partly because there are quite a fe outbreaks in nursing homes among elderly people, and also because daily infection rates have risen quite rapidly.

a month and a half ago, angela merkel predicted if we don't ac quickly, we wd up with over 20,000 new infections per day. that was an underestimate, it seems. she was accuse at the time of fear mongering and overreacting. it seems if anything, she was under reacting and now, we are talking daily infectionf rates almost 30,000. germany.ifted here in there is a sense of deep concern among officials. ros: another element of the pandemic is that the world health organization's warning it needs more funding soco developg tries can access covid-19 treatments and vaccines. it says it has a $20 billion shortfall for the access to covid-19el tools aator. the coordinator of the accelerator says financing is what stands between us and getting out of this pandemic as rapidly as possible. while the w l isking for new ways to raise money, including

bonds, we hear from the global health center in geneva. >> a lot of governments are having a hard economic times domestical, but if we think about what 28 in the big picture, it is really just pennies. it is true what many projections have said, that this is a great investment. we are talking about huge turns in terms of getting the global onomy moving again, in terms of strengthening diplomatic relations and of colise, saving s and ending pandemic sooner. it makes a lot of sense for governments to put money on the ble and say, we can afford $28 billion in order to put an end to this pandemi unfortunately, we haven't seen the money follow the rhetoric. so it is aeally unfortunate position to be in right now, in december 2020. ros: butsn't it true some of the richest countries have already put significant funds into programs like this? >> indeed, there have been generous contributions.

but it is just not enough. $28 billion is a lot of money, t mon countries are used to investing in global health. but of course, this is n a normal emergency, this is a once in a century event ahat w seeing. if we think of some of the sums that can be saved, the scale of investment comes into focus. the rand corporation edimates you co have $1.2 trillion per year in glob gdp you could get the whole world vaccinated. we havewi other estimates s at if you invest $28 billion today, we could have $100 billion a year of gdp addition -- additional gdp coming into high income countries every year. ros: next, we turn to the impact in a country that was already suffering, yemen. it has been nine months since confirmed there.19 was bbc was the first international broadcter to reach yemen since

virus outbreak. it has all of the situation there closely. bear in mind, it was already facing the world' is worst humanitarian crisis. now, we look at how it isli hand the pandemic. our bbc special correspondent has this report. corresponded: -- cars -- corresponded: it is late may in coronavirus is speaking. and with no official statistics fromes authori, the people aren't aware of the danger. no one is using any protection. this is a story of a country that tried to hide coronavirus from its own people. days after the weddinghawe discovered more people are falling victim to the virus, including hassan's grandmother. >> we took her to many hospitals. ey stayed as a corona case, and there is no hope. we never thought she would die

like that. corresponded: but was there any awareness, i asked him. >> barely any. and it was the government's responsibility. corresponded: in this divided was reported here in april. at the time, this doctor was given the task of testing and contact tracing cases. >> they didn't kw how many cases or deaths were out there. they didn't announce any numbers. correspondent: but videos were already surfacinon social media. >>ou this one is froide a hospital in san'na. correspondent: other video showed armed men and houthi soldiers rounding up people who

were suspected of having covid, and taking them to isolation this made the sick too scared to ask for help. theyat were treed as criminals, not sick people. there were even shootinas, in some. correspondent: many peopleied at home. bodies were even dumped on the streets. th shows the houthis burying the data night. this is the mager of the houth response to covid. i asked him about those who were kept in the dark about the virus and didn't have >> is not true. staff were available.cal awareness was available. we don't have a problem. the issue is simple, we don't

want to create a sta of fear amonthe yemeni people. correspondent: people have good reason to be scared. the public health system in the north is broken, and dependent on foreign aid to survive. vtheus swepthrough the entire country for months, but until today, no one knows how many people fell ill with covid, or how many people died. bbc news, sanna. ros: laura trevelyan -- ros: in a few minutes "outside source," the world's rgrgest ice is in daer of hitting an island. england's children' as commissioner says the poorest children are being hit hardest by school disruption. our education editor has more. correspondent: look at this map of secondary pupil attendance

this turn. in the dark red areas, it dropped as low as 50% in some places. school in the north and midlands, badly hit. now, new analysi shows the poorest communities have lost the most time in school, a warning this could widen further the gap in exam results. situation where they have been falling bind. they need more support. correspondent: rapid tests like these are part of the government spots, now promised weekly, but research has questioned their liability. -- there reliability. bbc news. -- their reliability. bbc news.

ros: i'm ros atkins. meeting to discuss coronavirus restrictions has broken up, but pressure continues. in the u.k., senior republicans have- in the u.s., senior republicans have finally broken ranks with donald trump. e leader of the senate has formally acknowledged joe biden is now president-elect. that is despite donald trump's repeated attempts to overturn the outcome. i want to congratulate president-elect joe biden. ie president-eleno stranger to the senate. he has devoted himseic to public sefor many years. i also want to congratulate the vice president elect, our colleague from california,se tor harris. beyond our differences, all nation has a female vice our president elect for the first time. i look forward to finishing the next 36 days strong with

president trump. our nation needs us to add another bipartisan chapter to his record of achievement. ros: yesterday, monday, electoral college confirmed joe biden's victory. he spoke afterwards of this being a time for america tmove >> the integrity of our elections remains intact. now, it is time to turn the page, as we have done throughout our history, to unite, to heal. as i said in this camping,- mpaign, i will be president for all americans. ros: this is the latest analysis fromgahe bbc' i o'donoghue into washi >> he is one of the most powerful republicans i america, and what he says matters and i think you will see other senior republicans follow his lead. we also know the end joe biden of smoking and agreed to meet sooner, rather than later, as well. ros: in terms of political

consequences of satch mcconnell ng this, where does that fit into donald trump's approach the next few weeks and months? >> alize lim more isolated. he is already pretty isolated -- it leaves him me isolated. he is already pretty isolated. this is huge ally falling by the wayside. when congress meets in january to tally ehectoral college votes, the laste formality bef inauguration, it means that senate republicans are not going to sta playing some of the games republicans in the house want to play inerms of disputing individual states' tallies. i think that is something the president-elect will take some comfort from. what president trump will do in terms of the senate run off racesn georgia, that matter a

lot because if the democrats were to win both othose, it with a casting votvicenate, president kamala harris. the president still could have significant influence on whether republicans turn out in those two runoffs. ros: every day on "outside source," willring you the most important international stories. we turn to nigeria, where the -- where a terror group'sund responsibility for ducting boys from a boys schl. we understand 333 of them are missing. when one managed to escape seen his twin brother since. >> a i waid, terribly afraid. but what frightened me the most is that my brother would be in danger. when i looked for him, i couldn't see him. ros: boko, ha's --

boko haram's claim to have carried out the abduction has not beenonfirmed. security agencies depy for resc operations and forest ey located their position. next, we hear from a former nigerianel colho doesn't believe boko haram is involved, and describes the group's operations in nigeria. >> there are boko haram terrorist elements in other it is happening, we are seeing the results here and there, and that h wife becomes very disturbing. ros: our correspondent has more from the capital of the state. correspondent: we got this message from the leader of boko haram late last night and in it,

he says he carried out this attack against western education, saying it is not islamic and they want to send a strong message that thpp don't t it. the reason this attack is particularly significant is that it shows that the area of boko haram, if they carried out this latest attack, is expanding in the country. it would be the first attack of its kind in thi part of northern nigeria, a frankly worrying trend. there is strong criticism of the president's performance, and you will remember he was elected in 2015 on the promise he would attack the problem of security, particularly when came to jihadi violence. kidnappi issue, and i think this latest kidnapping, the number of students involved, 300 of them, some as young as 10 years old, israeli a bigto blohe administration and their

performancon the front.ity pened fridayack h night, the scale of the number of boys involved, there were over 800 boys ehoolled in the where the subject lace. -- where this attack took place. initial reports said as many as 600 were missien. people heard huge numbers, it reminded them of another dein in 2014, at over half of those girls remain missing. it brings in mind that attack, i 20 and parts are desperate to be reunited with their children. they never thought this would ros: thanks.ant answers. now let's talk about the world's largest iceberg, in danger with colliding -- in danger of collidg with an island. the iceberga 68a, is roughly the size of jamaica.

for over three years, it has driftid in the south atlan ocean, but instead of breaking up as some thought would happent s on a collision course with the island of south georgia. it has very few people on it, mostly seabirds, penguins an seals. british antarctic survey's are concerned about the impact the iceberg could hnde, so it is g mission to led by oceanographer dr. paul abramson. >> the iceberg is about 200 meters thick. it goes on mt 200 meters into the sea, and we are concerned that as it gets closer to the island, it may welcome onto the shelf -- may well come on to the shelf and ground there. so we are travelg to the falklands in january, and should be able to set off at the end of the month towards south georgia, on the research ship james cook,

operated by the national oceanography center in southhampton. we are planning to do measurements from the ship while we are in the area, but also with these robotics to carry on further measurements after we left -- after we have left. they will conduct further measurements on the seabed, because they will get damage from the iceberg itself plowing into the sea floor. as it comes to rest on the w shelf, il be melting, releasing electric freshwater into the ocean in the area, and ngalso cooown the ocean. and for ver highly adaptede creatures like see the oceans in antarctica and aroun south georgia, this could be quite bad for plankton at the very bottom of the food chain. ros: before i go, we haven't mentioned brexit trade talks, they are still ongoing, but there has been no news of any concrete deal. there'ly so much to pass on.

but efforts continue with just over two weeks to gomb before de 31, the date on which the u.k. and its brexit transition period. no doubt, we will turn back to that issue is the week goes on. thanks very much for wat ching. narrator: funding for this ampresentation of this pro is provided by... language specialists teachg spanish, french and more. raymond james. the freeman foundation. by judy and blum kovler foundation; pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs. and by contributions to this pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

nat t height of the conflict.d into vietnam he became a single parent of two younchildren. we moved a lot. we slept in rest areas. we slept in our car. i didn't realize that we were actually homeless. it makes yl.r world really sm if we happened to stay in a motel th happened to have a tv, it was really special. we loved nova. especially when it would be about space. t we wouk fohours about the universe. watching nova, i felt big, like, my mind was big, my ideas were big. the trajectory of my life changed. id i could see a world ouof our poverty and i felt like things were going to get better. ♪ pbs opened up a world i didn't know existed.

♪ is provided dialogue and speech recognition technogy to teach a new language. like spanish, french and russian. babbel is available in the app store or online at babbel.com. bee keeper. mentor. a raymond tas financial advisor ors advice to help you live your life. life well planned.