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narrator: funding was also provided by, the freeman foundation. by judy and peter blum kovler foundation; pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs. and by contributions to this pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. announcer: and now, "bbc world news". laura: this iss america." pollens border crisis escalates as more migrants make their way to belarus, hoping to reach the e.u.. will hear from our teams in both countries. as the cop 26 climate summit reaches the closing stretch, -- all the while, temperatures are rising in places like the himalayas. he glaciers make -- melt,

there's a shortage of water. and fw de klerk has died. in a speech released after his death, he apologizes for the damage caused by apartheid. ♪ laura: welcome to world news america on pbs and around the globe. we start with the internatiol standoff involving along the border between belarus and poland athe very edge of the e.u.. poland accuses russia of working with ella roos to mastermind the isis and claim that -- a claim the conditions are dire. temperatures are freezing and supplies of food are running low. the bodies of second -- seven migrants were found on the

polish side. our reporter is on the polish side of the border tonight. reporter: this is one of many police checkpoints you see along the:-belarus border. that is belarus in the distance. people coming through are being subject to checks. in this exact spot, in the distance is the place where polish authorities say in the past 24 hours, the biggest attempt to cross the border took place. apparently they detained 150 people. we're hearing between 2000-4000 people are stuck in the area between the two countries and in lots of different places, it would seem. at the same time, the politics of the situation are intensifying. we saw angela merkel talking directly to president putin of russia asking him to use his influence to stop what is happening. the european union believe the

belarus president is creating the crisis. poland has gone one step further, accusing vladimir putin of being the mastermind behind all of this, something he denies. so the politics of this are bitter and they are divided. it is not straightforward. on the ground here for the people trapped between the two countries, it is a very dire situation. laura: meanwhile in belarus, hundreds of migrants are gathering in the capital minsk, about to head for the border, despite the brutal conditions. our reporter has been speaking to migrants about why they are trying to reach poland. reporter: we saw large groups of migrants gathering here today, waiting for transportation to the polish border. the vast majority spoke to were from iraq. they said they've been sold these package deals or between $3000 and $4000. they said the package deals

included a belarusian visa and flights, tickets to minsk. they mentioned they were going through turkey, going through syria, and said once i got here th were told they could make their way to europe, that the border woulde open and unguarded. they are aware of the difficulties they might face at the polish border, but these people they say are desperate and say they cannot stay in belarus. none of them want to stay here and say they cannot go back to their home country. many were saying that we have no choice. it is bitterly cold, especially at night. many of them were not prepare for the winter and did not have appropriate clothing. many of them with small children. there was a real sense of hopelessness, and they still feel that even going and attempting what may seem like a hopeless endeavor is still better than the alternative. laura: let's go to glasgow where the climate change summit is

entering its final hours. officials are desperately trying to hammer out a deal to keep the rise in the average global temperature to 1.5 degrees celsius. christine fraser is in glasgow with the latest. i know you have been prowling the cora doors. >> i did find the prime minister's spokesperson for cop 20 tics -- 26. she says it is that a sensitive stage. they are literally fighting over every word, whether to put urgency in or mandate. they have to go back and forth. that is effectively how these climate summits work. is trying to find a happy landing zone because all 190 five countries that are here have to agree on it. but there is no doubt i think that there is a battle going on

over key sections, certainly the key section over fossil fuels and advancing to coal-fired power stations. there's apparently one country leading another group of small countries that want that taken out of the text all together. then there are serious issues over finance, particularly finance for adaptation within the developing countries. some are blaming the united states for standing in the way of the finance deal and trying to put too much money into mitigation, i.e. green technologies, and not enough into helping those countries already dealing with climate change adapt to the future. laura: you mentioned the fact that you were talking to the top official - what do those island states feel this conference has really achieved for them? >> they are useful in the sense that they are face-to-face with

world leaders. it's a group of eight islands and together they lost about 40% of their land to rising sea waters. it is an existential threat for these people, such that they soon will be wiped off the map all together. one of the battles they are fighting with the united nations is to keep their international maritime rights. once they have disappeared needs the water, it really is an existential threat. they feel pretty sore at those countries that have created those emissions, specifically europe, china, and the united states, that they are not paying their way. there was an agreement back in 2009 to put together $100 billion of finance for these companies by 2020, and we are still not there. what they are now focusing on is whether they can get $600 billion by 2025, and again, it is the big country standing in the way.

they feel that not enough is being done. laura: thanks much for being with us. the effects of climate change are being felt by the 400 million people across the world who rely on mountain glaciers for drinking water as well as farming. rising temperatures and less snowfall mean glaciers in the himalayas are shrinking. many villages are facing a water crisis and some are already being abandoned. we have this report from india. reporter: climate change has reached the very top of the world, here in the himalayas the glaciers are melting and villages are running out of water. this is the new front line in northern india. >> this is our only water source for drinking, washing close, and for our cattle.

this is our only source of water during winter. reporter: over the past four decades, glaciers have shrunk rapidly across the himalayas. >> there is no water left to era great -- irrigate the crops. we are forced to leave our village. reporter: half the people from this village have been forced to migrate in search of water. >> those in the high heels or mountains, i don't see a solution for this. >> they have been left behind and nobody is coming to help them. unless the world acts to stop global warming, there will be nobody left living at the top of

the world. laura: we turn to south africa now where the former president, fw dick clark, the last white person to -- fw dick clark, the last white person to lead the country. he recorded a final message to the people of south africa with instructions to broadcast it after his death. >> fw de clerk was terminally ill when he recorded this message. >> i without qualification apologize for the pain and hurt and indignity and the damage that apartheid has done. >> back in the 1970's and

1980's, security forces of a racist white government battling against the defiant black majority. when he came to power in 1989, no one expected this conservative to change much. after all, his government ran a nation where black people were kept apart. but within months he announced a shocking u-turn. >> the pan-african congress, the south african, and a number of organizations are being resettled. >> the party of nelson mandela was unmanned. soon after, mandela was released from prison. seeing the two men, once bitter

in means, sharing the nobel peace prize. >> what we take away from him is his foresight. he shown the courage and he was the figure that eventually saw nelson mandela elected as president in those heady days of democracy. >> but the transition was not peeful. thousands of black south afrins -- the violence was deliberately stirred up by white security forces. still they kept negotiating, nerd -- urging their nation forward. then in 1994, history was made as mandela was sworn in as democratic south africa's first president. later he apologized for his role in apartheid, but insisted he

never authorized any criminal acts. >> between my knowledge and experience, they never included the authorization of assassinion, murder, arson, or rape. >> many south africans found that hard to swallow. >> he had the courage to step away from the part that his party that he led had embarked upon, and we will remember him for that. >> he was an unlikely revolutionary. but history will record his key role in bringing democracy to south africa. laura: there are two trials taking place in the u.s.. in wisconsin, there's a trial of kyle rittenhouse, accused of killing three people during

black protest. ineorgia, the trial of three white men charged with murdering ahmaud arbery is underway. thanks so much for being with us. let's start with the case of ahmaud arbery, black men killed while out for a run. his jury is almost overwhelmingly white. does that suggest that not much has really changed in the criminal justice system? >> there are a lot of things about this case that suggest that not much has changed. it does not -- jury selection does not reflect the community at all. the vast majority is a white jury. we also -- the prosecutor was indicted for participating in a cover-up. it is hard to hold prosecutors countable in this country. seeing her indicted was a big deal. she told the police not to arrest the people who killed

ahmaud arbery when they killed him. laura: what impact do you think the body cam evidence has in these trials? do jurors really have to confront what happened and the racial nature of it? >> for a lot of people, seeing is believing. the ahmaud arbery cases little different, he was killed by civilians, not by the police. there was a law in georgia that gave citizens the legal thority to arrest people who are engaging in a crime. the question they have never been able to answer is, what is the crime that he was suppose to be engaging in? when we see the police kill people, we have seen bodycam footage helped lead to convictions or help peopleee this is actually happening. laura: when george floyd was killed, voters rejected a plan to overhaul the police. what do you read into that? >> i think the people were

generally trying to see what it would look like. i think that don't have a lot of mechanisms to reign in the police. minneapolis has a police union that is incredibly strong. it prohibits civilian oversight essentially and there are a host of things that need to be dealt with. the new city council has the power and energy to do that, that i don't think the defeat of that bill means that there won't be a police reform in minneapolis. i think the mayor can do a lot of things and the new council will actually move forward with raining and that police department from being so deadly. laura: are you hopeful that changes coming to america, when you look at race? >> is an easy doomsday story to tell. in the last year, 19 states have restricted the use of force by police officers, the biggest reduction in the power of the police in american history. breonna taylor was killed by the

police. we've seen other things happen across states that is not getting as much play, but it is happening. there are a ton of activists and organizers around the country that are ready to engage these issues. laura: thank you so much for being with us tonight. in other news from around the world, austria looks likely to introduce strict lockdown for anyone not fully vaccinated after a surge in infections. those not fully jabbed can only come out for food and exercise. neighboring germany has reported over 50,000 daily cases for the first time since the pandemic began. china's ruling common's party ended a meeting marking its 100th anniversary with a document elevating the current leader xi jinping to a status equal to the -- to chairman mount. it was the last major meeting of

party leaders i have the national congress next year. she is expected to seek a historic -- xi is expected to seek a historic third term. the e-commerce site j.d..com has sold millions of dollars worth of goods. alibaba touted its social welfare initiatives and said nearly 400 brands including apple and l'oreal have raked in more than 15 million worth of sales each. a judge has approved a settlement for the victims of the lead water crisis in flint, michigan. most of the money will go to affected children and adults, business owners and anyone who paid water bills. the city switched its water supply without treating the dangerous water, all to save money. you're watching "bbc world news america." still to come on tonight's

program, it's veterans day here in the u.s., and in britain, it is armistice day, which marks the end of world war i. we will have the latest on both commemorations. another twist on the roller coaster for tesla. ceo elon musk has sold about $5 billion worth of shares, much of it was preplanned and will mean aig tax bill. reporter: some of the selling of the shares was necessary because of tax implications. that was a plan that was already well in place long ago. but the other part of this massive selloff of shares was not necessarily planned. but it was certainly something that he had been thinking about. so it didn't really come out of the blue. when we all saw that tweet earlier this week from elon musk asking whether or not he should sell 10% of his tesla shares, in

his mind, he already knew what he was going to do. so it really was like playing on social media, which is something he has done quite a bit. he is not shy to go to twitter and use some of that. laura: here in the united states, commemorations have been held to mark veterans day. president biden was at arlington national cemetery taking part in a wrea laying ceremony at the tomb of thenknown soldier. in djibouti, there was a ceremony to honor all those who served in the u.s. military. there are concerns about conflict in ethiopia. our senior african correspondent gained rare access to the base in djibouti. reporter: this is america's last enduring base in africa and it

is here that the u.s. military came together with allies from france, italy, the united kingdom, japan, spain, and the host nation of djibouti. >> our countries have different names and traditions that are all associated with the ending of the first world war in november 1918. we recognize the importance of never forgetting their sacrifices. reporter: he was an opportunity to showcase the various military capabilities and it happened at a strategic vocation in a troubled region. next-door in ethiopia, the conflict shows no signs of abating and there are serious concerns about what further deterioration of the security system would mean for the wider region. on a day when countries came together to commemorate, the message from here for ethiopia was very clear, that there is room for a diplomatic sution, and is one that the american

government and the african union have been trying to forge. laura: as we mark veterans day here in the u.s., on the anniversary of the end of world war i, in the u.k. is called armistice day, time to remember those who died in conflict. the queen will remit -- attend an annual remembrance day service on sunday. two members -- two minutes of silence was observed across the u.k. on the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918, the guns of the first world war fell silent. more than a century later, the nation paused to remember those who sacrificed so much in service to their coury.

♪ >> last year, the pandemic prevented people from coming together to remember, but not so this year. sydney, australia, on noveer the 11th. it's also france's national day of remembrance. so many lives were cut short in french fields. many soldiers never returned

home. britain's first like army officer was killed in 1919. today his great nephew laid a wreath. >> this has bn a fantastic event to come to the point where i'm able to lay a wreath on behalf of my grandfather, it's a great honor and a great honor to him. >> armistice day, ensuring those who were lost or not forgotten. sarah campbell, bbc news. laura: a day of remembrance. for we go tonight, here's a story about something we don't recommend you tried home. french -- a french balloonist has broken world record for standing on a hot air alone. he hovered over western france almost 12,000eet above the ground, the highest a balloon has ever been someone standing on top of it.

the whole event was done to raise money for charity and the balloon was even piloted by his father. clearly something of a daredevil family. you can find much more on all the days news at our website. um laura trevelyan. think you so much for watching "bbc world news america." have a great night. ♪ narrator: funding for this presentation of this program is provided by... narrator: financial services firm, raymond james. man: bdo. accountants and advisors. narrator: funding was also provided by, the freeman foundation. by judy and peter blum kovler foundation; pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs. and by contributions to this pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ ♪

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captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: the tipping point. world leaders struggle to make meaningful progress against climate change, as the global conference draws to a close. then, the long shadow of war. suicides among american veterans steadily increase, while the federal government assesses the federal government assesses the major damage done by burn pits. and, elusive investment. despite the promise of increased financing in so-called opportunity zones, poor communities across the country see little change. >> communities like this don't have a lot of time to be on a respirator. opportunity zone moneys could have gotten it done within a year, and that's what communities like this need.