Ervand Lalayan's Armenian-language study of a district in northern historical Armenia. Extracted from the journal Azgagrakan Hande's [Ethnographic Review], VII-VIII (1901), pp. 271-436; IX (1902), pp. 197-262; X (1903), pp. 113-268; and XI (1904), pp. 33-128. Topics include: topography, flora, fauna, historical review (including information on the Kiwrikean kingdom, and the clan of the spasalars, the Zakarean/Mxargrdzeli clan), Armenian and non-Armenian villages, Armenian and Georgian monasteries, dwellings, clothing and ornaments, marriage and engagement customs, birth, baptism, family life, patriarchal clans, health, foods, beverages, folk medicine, death, burial, beliefs, worship of stones, water, fire, trees, and animals, oral literature, folk songs, riddles, proverbs and sayings, oaths, blessings, and curses. Some photographs by Lalayan. Compiled and indexed by Robert Bedrosian, in 514 indexed pdf pages.