This study by the distinguished Caucasiologist Cyril Toumanoff (1913-1997) appears as part III of his Studies in Christian Caucasian History (Georgetown, 1963), pp. 277-354. An earlier version appeared in the journal Le Museon 72(1959), pp. 1-36 and 73(1960), pp. 73-106. This work traces the origins and history of what is considered the First Monarchy in Armenia--that of the Orontid/Ervandid family--which ruled Sophene, parts of Commagene, and neighboring areas from the 6th century B.C. through the 1st century A.D. Includes full bibliography. Formats available: searchable pdf and zipped HTML files. Prepared by Robert Bedrosian. Internet Archive also has an Armenian translation of this study (Hayastani Orondeannere"). Click on the author's name above.