captioning sponsod by macneil/lehr productions >> lehrer: good ening. i'm jim lehr. the "newshour" this wednesday:ç e lead story: pakistan's fig agnst terrorists amid new tensions with thu.s. judy woouff and margaret warner have our lead story report and disssion. then, after the other news o the day, two taie& ohealth careeform. ray suarez looks at the duh way to contain speing.

>> the netherlan faces two challenges-- strong expectation of continued high-quality ca, and agraying population. >>ehrer: and gwen ifill has some persptive on what the u.s. canearn from other countries' experiees. that is followedy a snapshot ofn american army captain's mission in afghanian. and a jeffrey own update on the violen in the chicago public schls. major fundg for the wshour with jim lrer is provided by: ♪ç ( hard rock guitar rif playing ç >> we a intel, sponrs of tomorrow.

>> and by bnsf rlway. chevron. this ithe power of human energy. >> toyota. ç and with the ongoing suppo of these institions andç foundations. and... thisrogram was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributns to your pbs

stion from viewers like you. thank yo >> lehrer:akistan's role in fighting terror was a prime topic today, both pakistan and at the white house therwere also complaints from some pakistanis about erican meddling. judyoodruff begins our lead story report. >> reporter: assorted mplaints from paktan came as their troops ready the latest in series of offensives ts year againsthe taliban and al qaed it coulde the most importantç opation yet-- targeting south wazirian, the major base for thousands of militts on the afghan bder. buas the troops prepare, kistani military leadersç meeting in rawalpindi voiced serious concern about anid bill approved by the u.s. coress. the bi was sponsored by senators john kerry anrichard lugar, and still aits

esident obama's signature. itncludes $7.5 billion dollars over the next five yea r democratic, economic and social developmentrograms. but military aid could be withheld, if the u.s. deems e pastani military is not doing enough to fight teorists. a number of oppotion lawmakers in pakistan's parlment joined the miliry's objections, saying the aid amoun to intrusion in their affairs. in washington, stateepartment spokesmaian kelly defended u. intentions inç offering the aid. >> we see it as means for helping kistan meet this common threat to our tç cieties. and e reason we say a panership is because a modern and effective pakistani litary

is in r interests as well as pakist's interests. reporter: at a forum in washington, pakistan foreign minister-- shah mahmd qureshi- - expressed than for the aid and played down criticisback in his country buhe also said the u.s. has to trust pakistan more, as a partner. >> if you ep doubting our intentions and we keep doubtg your intentions, then ere is this ptnership going? we have me... this governmentç has come to, you kw, to add a new chapter to our relionship, a long tm partnership with the united stes that supports democry, that supports, youç know, freedom of expssion, that supports,ou know, investnt in people. >> rorter: later, at the pentagon, spokesn geoff morrell paid tribute twhat the pakistanis have acmplished since their initial fensive last spring.

>> the resultshat the pakistan military are havinon the ground particularlin the swat valley a in their operations in waziristan e proof of the fact that they have a rened commitment and capability dealing with the threa within their midst. >> reporter: this ternoon's white house security sessi fosed in part on that pakistani commitment--s president oba re-considers u.s. strategy in the regn. >> lehre margaret warner has more.ç >> warner: for more onhe situation in pistan we turn to david ignatius, a ashington post" columnist who just returned from reporting trip the. and christine fairassistantç pressor in the center for peace and security studiest orgetown university. she'written extensively about pakistan. welcome backo you both. so pakistan is such an impornt part othis whole

afghanistan-pakist strategy, the president is reassessing. how is the pakistan side of the equation going fm the u.s. perspective, david? the first tng i'd say is compared to six months ago, i was last in pakistan in april. e situation is significantly beer. in april, the taliban was growing in strength, in rticular the value valley. the pakistani milary was unsure toç you how to deal with this pblem. huthe sense a country not dealing th an internal threat. in may finally, the army decided to stop maki peace deals that wer't working and to go in, in aç tough way, litarily, and swept up the valley, and that counter efrt seemedo me-- i was in the sat valley and saw the lower uthern end-- seemedto me to ha been successful. the talib had beenhased away certainly. peop are back. the regees who left for the mo part have come bac

you had a sense of sen of a place becoming sece again. e pakistanis have gotten serious abouttheir securities and the place feels different than it did a few months ago. a big testis coming maybe as early as nt week and the kistanis consider an offensive against the taliba and al qaeda in south-- i was also tre. i had an interesting tripn that i was flown boy the pakisti military into;hp to plan plane and had a chance e the ground. pakistani military with publ support does seemç to be steppg up this challenge re and really ting it to the taliban for a change >>arner: christine fair, the her part of this equation in pakistan was suosed to be govement always got more serious out providing basic soal anddevelopment d econic welfare for thr own people. es that improv now under

civilian-elected governmt? >> the short answe is no. i have a little bit different viewn the swatperations. you s four milln people displaced, and what you saw of theivilian government ill prepared from th humanitarian crisis that emerged fm that. the otr thing i'm smayed by is we're captivatedy the successes the pakistani have made withnthe pakista taliban, e afghan taliban remain very mu safe in the sanctuies in pakistan. and the terrorist grps that attack india of course also rema free to roamç aund pakistan. buried in the success stor the pakistan-- the much larger story th've done nothing about tho veryrupdz that threaten up. >> reporter: the ruwaristan offensive? >> it dends on wich mitant

yore talking about. ifou actually list out who the guys are that we think are enemy combatants and who the pakistanis tnk who are enemy coatants, it's very small. some of t mosticious supports of suicide terrorism are the allies of the pakistani state. i'm skeical. >> warner: did, that connects toç the conoversy that was going on in islamabad today with thepakistani military objecting to some of the cnditions in the military aid in this particul, which said the secretaryf ste has to certify thatç they're ghting hard against the rrorists. what-- and i know it's very hard to know th-- but what is your sense? you met wi the senior people in the intelligence agenc whethethey are still covely or some elements are giving sanctuary to t taliban? >> is.i. officls, when you talk to em, deny that they ar

in direct coact with tese insurgent groups. but they don'teny that they ha intelligence linked. they hav their sours these groups. the realityis that theseroups werein many cases, cread in part by the pakistani intelligen service. that'shy we have to take their statemts on this a little skeptically. ese are-- these groups are their crtion, and they've usedç them for their own security purposes now for several decades. one seor official told me, ou americans have a view of our ability conol things by pushg buttons that's yearsut of date." in other wds, he was kind of implyi that once true but saying it isn'so much anything kbm. the one thing i would say-- and i'd be curio what chstine thinks-- i kephearing from pakistanis, particular military officer that we have come to a view that the liban insurgent groups threen the country that we want to live in. people said again and again-- "i

dot want my children toave to live under a pastani. omar. enough is enou." i mustave heard that a half a dozen simes from people. >> warner: are they ready to take on the taliban that's running operions in afanistan? >> well,ou know, they-- they worry about afghanistan. they argue that'sot our prlem.ç and ey're more focused on their own security. they do say again andgain, "if yothink that we would be comfortable with a taliban victory inafghanistan, you're wrong becauswe know that would strengthen peopl whon the lock long run are going to change pistan in ways don't want." shou we take that seriously, don't ow? sglerg so, christine, youead all these languages. you calisten to the media and read the media or there. one, what shouldwe make of ts flap over this aid bill in terms of the relaonship between the u.s. and its partner in

pakistan? and two, how is this very-- not protracted but on reconfiguratn of strategy on e part of president obama, ho is that ing read in pakistan? >> i think pakistan's become very-- it devoped a sense of entitlement to o asistance. the very fact that eightears into this we're really ndamentally trying toç aer the way in which we do siness is a very difrent setting fo the pakistanis. it also iustrates how the united statecan't win for losing we wer criticizefor the past seven years of supportingç musharraf, a now that this legislation tries bolster democracy now the pakistanirmy is crying foul. the know from musharraf's own statements ovethe last week as ll as th former ambassador here, the vast mority of the funds that weaid pakistani over the last seven, ability years have been coletely unaccound for. th've gone to places where th never were suppos to have gone there's a big diffence in the way in whichhe american

public-- and quite frankly our legislatures--ant to give money withaccountability and this absolute sense of entitlemt that pakistanis feel they've rned this right to have money without strings atched. i think itill be very difficult to make ese two end meet. >>arner: do you think this undermineshe relationship, the cooperationç with the u.s. and alexander >> i am not one who has been optimist about that to begin. w. >> the pakistanis cperated with al qaa. they have notç cooperate read e taliban. and one of the interesting problems that that ste needs to confront, they can say we don't want the pakistan taliban running the show w don't want to live in that kind o kistan. the probm issome of the very groups they rely upon to fight indihave overlapping memberships. so how do u fix that? >> warner: with that qstion zee to leave it. christine fair, david iatius,

thk you both. lehrer: in other news today e separation of church and state was back before e u.s. supreme urt in the form of a giant crs in california. the arguments inlved the monument's presence as a war memoal on public land. the justices appead divided over letting theross remain,ç if the site is traferred to private owne. the 2009 nobel prize in chemistry was awarded todato two americs and an israeli. in 2000, thedetailed theç machinerin living cells that makes preins. their findings areeing used to crte new antibiotics. one of the amecans-- now working in engla-- had this action. it's gratifying in aay to have one's work vindicated by wt is, after all, theost prestigis award in science. on thether hand, it's importt to remember that that's n why went into science.

went into science out of curiosity, ttackle important problems, and the hope is th that remains the case. >> lehrer:he other american winner-- tmas stytz-- works at yale.ç the deficit ipled. the congreional budget office reported today the red ink totalled a record $1.4 trilln. it w due to a drop inçtax revees, the financial rescue programs,nd economictimulus spding. on wall street todaythe dow jones industrial average los five points to c at 9,725. the nasdaq rose six poin to close at 2,110. and stl to come on the "newshour" tonight: thafghan mission; a student victims in chicago. that ces after our look at

health care sts. late today, the congressiol budget office offered it estimate for theenate finance committee plan. the tol bill will be about $830 blion over 10 years, and will reduce e budget deficitç by $81 billion. commtee chair max baucus had this to y: >> soon itill come down to the senate. my colleagues, ts will be our oprtunity to make history. just think of itç our action here will determine whethewe will exnd the blessings of better health care to more amerans or not. ours is a balanced pla that uld pass the senate. oubill should win thesupport ofhe republicans and democrats alike, and now the choice isp to senators. >> lehrer: n, cost cutting abroad. last night, ray suarez ban his reporting on thepproach in the netherlas. here's ray'sart two. >> reporter: when the netherlandreformed its health care system four years ago, everyone over eighteen w

required to buy covera from a private insurance compan in turn, t insurers were requiredo accept every stomer, and offer the same price, regardless of age o mecal history. the nethernds faces two challenges, strong expectatisç of high quality re and a graying populati entering a very expensive time life for healthcare at the sameime, so how do you keep sts down?ç onway to keep costs down: keep peop healthy. particularly, pele who are approaching retiment, like frans doppieter. last spring,oppegieter was diagnosed with typtwo diabetesa condition that can lead to more sious health problemsand much greater expense, if not operly controlled contions like heart disease, failing eyesight, a the threatf lost limbs. to keep patients like frans healthy, insance companies now offer incente lifestyle programs, even pay gym

memberships. roger van boxtell is c.e.ofor menzis insance. >> we makerograms for how to quit smoki, how to train our body, how toat healthy, and we semore and more interest withç our insured toeal with these programs. 's individual... many times you can use the ternet, and the docts behind that. 's confidential,eople areç willing to wk on their own healthcare a that's something weave to promote. >> reporr: in fact, frans is a del menzis patient. he droed a lot of weight after his diagnosis. he records his blood sug level at home ansends his data by internet to higeneral practitier, saving on costly clinicisits. his doctor is part of colltive of private doctors and therapistsho have set up under the same roof. th care center, in the town of tiel, funded in part by the

insurance company menzis. the doors are relieved of administrati burdens, and the inrance company says it gets better, eaper care. >> if you start up a cenr like this, weelp them with theç management, we hp them with their i.t. orgization. it's not just theuro or dollar extra, it'more the... how to facilitate it. toet them become really the doctor ain who is sa$able of all y dealing with the patient and don't have to think ofow do run this business here. ose dealing with the garbage who is deang with cleaning up thtoilets. th's something we helped them with. >> reporter: t tiel pharmacy uses robotics dispense prescriptions, but t real savingcomes from prescribing generic drugs. the duh spend half of what the united states spends on medication per person. in fact, menziinsurance company rewards doors for using genecs.

>> we gave docto extra money if they weretrict on, inç prescribing mecine. weaid to doctors, 70 to 80% is geric and only 10x+j5 the more expsive medicine, then we'll give you a bos >> reporter: the g.p., o genel practitioner, is the key to cost control in the dutc patients must go to their in system. patients must go to thr gp in order toet a referral to a specialist. jako bgers is a general practitioner. like most primary ca doctors,

burgers makes house calls. he ss the strong relationship ilt between a primary care doctor a a family leads to fewer trips specialists.ç >> we know how to treat peop, we know how toreat the children, know how to treat e elderly patient and we hav a stepwise protocals whi youç can llow and then after step ree or step four there is time to consider a referral. >> reporter: a huge costaver for the dutch, which mayave moreo do with culture and custom than form starts the day you' born. the great majority of tch chilen are born at home, much eaper than a hospital ternity ward. only 8% of womenere get epidurals during childbirt annew parents, like the n dijkens, are not all on thei

own. a materny aide nurse must visit all new motherand babies. nursaide patricia stift helpsç out in the house, tehes newborn care, d watches for health problems. she's paid by, and reports bk to, the van dijkens insunce compy.ç the idea is to keep new rents and babies from ips to the doctors office for minor iues. >> i come innd i listen to em. listen to theiworries, help them underand their baby, help them to get a, a hdle on how to handlthe babies. >> rorter: the netherlands has an infant rtality rate 25% lower than the unitestates. the reformalso allow insurance companieto negotiate prices with hospitals for services. and hospitals n aggressively market their serces. that worries se doctors like dr. johannes bortein. borgstein, aear nose throat

surgeon is wary that cting costs for rvices could lead to cutting patient re.ç >> i tnk were in a lite bit of a slippery slope wi the introduction of a rket, marketing effes in theç medicine. the haggling martplace, the hagglingiscussions and trying to... to ruce costs by market. marketing afcts in medicine generally have a detmental affect f the patients. >> reporter:inally, the dutch seem to ha hit on one area of carehich is a huge driver of costin the unid states: the emergency room. to avoid expensive e. visits, every neighborhood has an ter hours care clinic like thione east amsrdam. the clinic giv emergency treatmenafter a cycling mish, treats late-nit lnesses, and the doctors, gp g.p.s who pull 20 night shts a ar, make house calls, and

dispen advice over the dispense advice ov the phone.ç >>bout half of them, will be uh solved overhe telephone. >> reporter:ust advise.ç >> just advise and some ofhem by the triage assistant ansome of them later on by the doct on call. i willuppose about 40% of tal would be seen on the here, they will be invitedo come and to chk out and one out of ten wilbe a house call. >> reporter: of those whaccess re at after hour facilities, only about 3% end up being sent the hospital. but with a stream of n immigrants entering the heth care system in the netheands, and an econo which is not as robust as it was when rerms were ilemented, government and insure here are working hard on fding new ways to save on health care cost

>> lehrer: now, en ifill looks at how the u.s. health care system compares to theç nethlands and other countries. >> ifill: and for th, we talk to two peoplfrom different perspectives. cathy schoenthe senior vice esident of the commonwealth fund, which does reseah on health polic and ott atlas, a senior fellowç at the hoor institutn at stanfo university. he's alsthe chief of neuroradlogy at stanford univsity. welcomto you both. cathschoen, based on what we just saw ray suarez tell us about just one country, the netherlands, wt about what just saw there-- he also d this last night as well, telling us h it works-- whas transferableo the way we do things herand the way we can reform our heah care system here? >> gen, thank you for having me on the show. i think as you lo at t netherlands and otr countries, every country has developed system said that comout of their own histy, their own cultur and they're building on them. but e kind of ideas that are shared in common is,irst,

everybody is insed, everyone'sç in continuously in the netherlands, andhey've ma that a topriority. and what we've ju seen with some of th examples is they also really worrd about primarcare, getting in quickly to see thpoctor, have a long-term retionship with the doctor. people have very long-term lationships in the netherlands an when we've do svarkz we are suck by how quickly the gein when they tey need same-d treatment. ch more quickly than in the yut. and as we ard, there is n trouble getting care afterhours. it's not just netherlds. we see multiple countrs spenng far less. we're spendingbout twice as much as ery other country. and our outcomes a often not better. and somemes worse. we really can lookt that insurae system as being a

foundation for the way the physicians are paid çush on prention, primary care, rapid access wn people need, and a more integrated care appach. >> ifill: scottç atlas, i what we see inhese countries transfable to our system here? >> i tnk you have to be careful what you wanto glon from other countes' systems. obviously, the netherlands or plac like switzerlandthey're ve different from the united states,oth culteally as well as the homogeneity of the population prince for instance. i think we can lear lsons from the pece you st showed. emphasis on primary care is priority. access to things likelinics fo minor ill illnesses as opposed to go into high-powered emgency rooms. these can be extracted and prioritized in our system. >> ifill: wh is not trsferable, doctor?ç

well, what's not transferle, i think, is the idea, for inance that primary care at the expense of specialty re should be emphasized. we are in an era right no where medicine izç f more complex than ever, twr e most-- the biggest advances in medical treatments have hily dependent on hing access to sub-specialists, hghly dpont having accs to innovative, less-invasive diagnoseand treatments. highly dependent on acce to the newest cancer-curing drugs, for instance the list goes anon. and thesare things that have been lost inhe shuffle. the fact is the united states excels at the things, and th is reflected superi outcomes from many of t serious diseas that are our priority. >> ifill: cathy schoendoes the u.s. actually ve superior outcomes when youompare it to countries th systems like these? >> wel i think one of the thgs that is staring i&ç that

if we' spendg twice as much, we shoulexpect to see rselves as real leader and we don't always. sometimes our ratesç rifle othr countries, a sometimes wee mainally aboveon canr outcom. we'vfallen behind on asthma, mortality from asth. we'll we behind on infant mortality. we're behind on dietes. d in fact a rent study tat looked at tentially preventabldeaths before age 75 from conditions likeiabetes, azma the screenable cancers-- lung disease in children young children-- found thatwe went from 15th out of droiz 19th. not because we didn't g betr but beuse they improved faster than we did, with a real focus on early, preventiveare, and, yes,ç ready accessto spialist

care when you need it in a much moreoordinated way. >> ifill: scot atlas, is it desirable or attainle to be able to cover as many americs ls cover their own citizens without, say, access to public option or allowingovernment to regulate farm more stren just than it gulates the industry now? >> i think it's absolutely a very iortant priority to allow people to have access toealth insurance. and-- but the way to do that is the question i feel thathe access to health insurance should be acss to heth insurance that ameran citize actually want to buy. if they make a value-based decision, ratherhan have governme impose maates on whats their idea, government bureaucrat ideas, about what needs to bcovered, or rher than punish people witeither fines or taxes . >> ifill: wh i was asking about--

>>aying for heal insurance they don't wa. >> ifillwhat i was askin about is a public tion that will give people the choice, or whether federal regulation ofç industries like the insance industry or medical indusy, is something that is a y to achieve these gos, these tcomes? >> well, think the plic option,t's been shown-- there are ma studies in t literare, but also in our state-sed experiments, that there's a phenomon where the public optio actually reduces the chois americans hve. it doesn'tncrease the oices for health insurance. there's a phenomen called "crowd-out where in fact ere are almost as many people ge insured ashose-- tat were uninsured as-ctually from the pool people that were privately insured. all you do is you shift hu percentage of peoplehat had private insurance on to the governmentax payroll, basically. the probl with having gornment optionsç , it comes the dominantnsurer.

and on government ishe dominant insurer,-- there's only one way the govement can forc down hlth care costs. d the fact isç tat there's only one way to force it down, and that is restricting access. and sof you want to have--. >> ifill: at's all right. i didn't mean to interruptou, but i did want cathy schoen to have a chance to respond to that that >> gn, as we look at other krir i think we can actlly leara lot about making insurance markets work inhe puic interest. therare very rh example e netherlds, gmany, and switrland. they've aually made a decision to have multiple competing private surance plans, but they did it a far different way than we do. everyone has to be includ, as we hea, in the netherlands. you can' turn anyone down. the price ll notary except by the benefit pacge, whetr you're sick or no sick. and when you ope an array o choices andnç these countries, it's easy to cose because you don't ha to worry about insunce surprises where there's just not a benefit that

you really ne that wil be covered. there's much more iformity. and it makes theseçmarkets wor. ey really-- when pele move, theyook very hard athe overhead of insurance carriers, which is much lower an the united stes. wee, bar moing the most complex. it's estimed we spend about $90 billn per year in excess overhe just because of the complexity. so think we can see other models that dot complely replace the insurance system we have, but buildon it. and lot of the reforms congresss now looking at would start to have exchanges like we see inthese countries where there's a lot of choic there's a lot of choic that they competen quality and price not on turning down sicker applicants. >> ill: okay, cathy schoen, of the cmonwealth fund, a scottç atlas at stanfd, tha you both vermuch >> okay, tha you. >> lehrer: on our wesite:

newshour.pbs.org. ashington post" corresponden t.r. reid and commonweth fund president karen davis wiç answer your questions about health care coverage in countries around theorld. that's on our glal health watch page. >> lehrer: t u.s. war against the talibain afghanistan. itegan eight years ago this day. we mark it with a special "frontline" report on onu.s. army offer's mission in a valley 30 miles south ofabul. "frontline" corresponden martin smith is the rerter. the ces of the translators have been blred to protect their identity. >> reporter: most areas ahanistan don't ve enough troopso operate a successful counter-inrgency campaign. commande have been trying to juggle resources a manpower to

make due. >> there's no qutionu're thinly reurced. given the vastness of afghanisn, given the difficulty othe terrain, wee got ts ofsolated llages, you know, on hillsides and mountaintops a disbursed. do we have eugh troops to provide curity to all these disbursed people? absolutely not. >> reporter: joe resvalys an exceptioto the rule. in march, more president obama's then new strategy, he-- it beca one of the first areas to receive a troop increase today, captainatthew crow and his me are viting the village of tan >>ç let's seeow long we need in tagan. ife have time wel go back ther >> reporte in the past, troops

patrled inside humvees. under theç new coter counter-inrgency plan, they're spending more time on foot we're in the process of spenng more time on the ground getting out of ourlap& vehicles and out from behind our sunglasses and a this gear that we we, d literallyust getting out amonthe population. so they see us as human bein. we treat thems such, rather than looking ke something out "star war"film. the goal, in th jargon of counter-surgency doctrine sto connect with the people. but when theoldiers arrive, the viage is empt >> there are not a lot of pele out toda right now, there's noe out. it cld be bad timing or anything. worst-case scenario isdáhey've been ward to stay away because of the enemy who are here. best-case scenario is it was just bad luck. it's one of the two.

>> repord: counter-insurgenc proves farore difficult in actice than inheory. >> t difficulty les in the executio when you put it a culture that is differenfrom your own langge is different, religion is different--ll of the normal societal suctures are ait differen- then it becomes extraordinary complex. >> if there'sanything i can do help your vlage, i promise i will d everything i can. that's w i'm here to talk to them.

tell him that's one of the things we can lk about. you mu understand. we're new here. we wt to help. the only way i can find out what they need is by sitting wn and talking to him and toother elders. is tre a place we can sit, maybe, in the shade d talk? >> this a personal war. this is a war aout personal relationshipparent of our prlem is we've changed forces out ere so many times. we don't cent same forces back. a unit that's here, they go, theypend a year, they go away and never come bk shall we sit? >> they're tryinto judge are we committed? if ty don't believe at we're committed, then we will b in a tough fight t here for a long me >> i am the nommander. for me it'sery important to get toç know them and to know a much as poible about their village. e more i get to know about the village are the bett i can find a w to help them. >> the first qstion thathey ask will be, "aryou going to ay?"ç

and if we can't say positively yes, then those afganz will remain on the fence. i intend to come back many times. but while i have them here, is it still okay if i ask him me questions? the rst thing i would like to know is wat is the main oumgz here? wh do people do? are they farm jeerz captain crow has to wear many hats. today, he'sonducting a standardiz survey designed by military intelligence analys. >> is there a bazaar in the villag are ey comfortable sending all thr children to scol? do thehave, like, a sewage system? the generator, doest provide electricity for l of the village? what is the opinion of the governme right now? have they had any issues iso pat with unkno people, ople they did not know coming inttheir village at night? >> we ha suffered a lack of trust th the afghan people, and it's entirely understaable. if i weren afghan living in

wardak province, i wouldn't trust the americans rght now, either >> three moreuestions: do they have radios and what stations d they listen to? it's a difficulbalance >> this is the rewarng part. being able to talko the people. and actually being ae to deliver them things. >> likhere, elecicity. their generar right nows not functioning. >> captain crow kno he may raise expectations but may fail to deliver. >> i try vy hard noto say "i promise they will do tis, this, anthis." it's very important noto make promises unless you're 100% sure you can follow through othem. >> captain crow returned to the villag of tagan several time but it took two and aç hlf mongss to find funds to f the generator. in late september here, rotated out. >> lehre frontline's docuntary "obama's war" airs next tuesdayn most pbs

stions. chk your local listings for the time. there'a link to a longer eview of that program on our website: newshour.pbs.org. also there are recent "nshour" repos about the war in afanistan. >> lehre next tonight: youth olence in chicago-- a story that has drawn natiol attention. jeffrey brn begins with some background >> reporte this grainy cell phone deo-- whicwas posted on the interne- shows the chaotic scene just before chicago high school udent was beaten to death two wes ago.ç 16-year-old rrion albert was pummeled with wooden plank and thenepeatedly kicked in the head few blocks from his school. a football player and nor student at christian fger academy high schoooí ,!e city's south side, alberwalked in the middle of a brawl between rival gangs.

albertas not a gang member. poli have arrested four teens in h killing. albert was dcribed as a standouttudent. >> people have embraced deion as if he was their grandn or their nephew or their so because this was a gd kid on his way to greatne. and this level of agedy... the brutality thathis young man suffered in broad ylight has caused all of us to take sp back a ask ourselves: what can all of us do? >>eporter: family and residentgrieved over the muer. and they alsexpressed anger over the latest ath of a student. violence among students ha spiked sce 2006.ç 67 studes have been killed since the begiing of the 2007 school year. nearly 300 have been st and woundeduring that same time. today, education sectary arne duncan and attorney general icç holder traveled to chica to et with city leaders,

including yor richard daley. >> there are no quick fixe this wl not happen overnight. our apoach will need to involve not justaw enforcement, but also faith based organizaons, the business community, ansocial service groups. evercitizen has to be a part of the solution. we will need a combinati of preventionintervention and targeted enfcement. >> reporter: chica's school superiendent-- until he joined prident obama's cabinet-- said he hoped today's meeting washe beginning of a broader eort to tack the problem. >> seeing something videoç seems to wake uphis country. and weould use this moment, take this moment, too forward togeth. that this a fork in the road, th is a line in the sand.ç we all neeto get dramatically better. nobody gets a pass.

chicago is not unique. four students have beeshot in tulsa, okloma this year. philadelphia, seattle, mia, new orleans, a many rural communities ha also lost school children to vlence in recent weeks. >> reporr: some parents and activists sathe rise in violence has happened since duncan implented a plan to close dons of chicago schools and reassign sdents to schools in other nghborhoods. but duncan said thviolence was not connected. and mayor daley agre. >> let us remember, ch of the violence against chicago's yng ople involve gang violence, unfortunately. need the help of the federa governnt to help break up the gangs in our city, which ds t end at a city limit.ç and the teor that may bring to communities, not onlin the city, but roughout the untry. >> reporter: pents are asking other parents and childr to help. this mother lost her s in 2007. >> they know what's ing on inç ese schools. they know what's going oin these streets. had it not been fothis video camera, these yog people would not have been caught. >> reporr: federal officials

said today thewere giving the city a half million dollarrant for school counselorand other programs. the city is also ung federal stimus money for new programs totem the violence. >> brown: for more, we are joined by carol mari contritor to w.t.t.w.'s "chicago tonight" prram, and political columnist r the "chicago sun-times." cal, this latest killing clearly grabbed national attentn. what did it do there? what kind of iact did it have? >> well, it washe shor heard around the world. it was seen globally, and as a result, thechoes of it are loer than perhaps the otrç shoot, the otr murders, the other stabbings that are justas pawnful but e world di't see. >> brown: is there clear sense there that things are gettin worse or is it thathe focus onç young students? >> there is sense that it's tting worse, but it's also that focus tha you talkbout. pfs a very careful calculaon by the ccago publ schools to

get people to look at the killings in these neighborhoo, to sta counting the number of icago public school students as distinct om notudents or adults and so in se way,t focuses the inteion on one particular demographic but there are a t of people getting shot and killed. >> brown: so what s today's meeting intended to do,nd can you tell yet what came out of it? >> think today's meeting was intended to make it very ear to theeople in chicago that the presidentsatching, that this was taken seriously. it w an attempt to address rldwide the fact that we're not ing to cept this kind of violence, escially since this comes basically in the south side of chico where the present lived and worked as an organizer and ere arnieçduncan the new had of education in the unitedtates comes from. >> brown: explain to us ho it would work in chicago. who are the main plars

attacking a problem like this and to what extent e they working togeer or are the tensionshere? >> there a tensionings, buthe fact is the same playe are workg on it who have alway worked on it. that's the schools, th's the police, th's the system of churches and community groups th have been concernedll the while. the question for everyone rit now ishat is this a new genuinely innovive way to take the problem or is it the same scrale that we've undertake in years past? >> brown: tell us what what things arebeing attempted. i wasç reading t new superintendent he has deloped anew planhat in ft using federal stimulus money, i undstand >> $60 million ov two years fafs comprehensive analys ofç 500 kids who had been sho, trying to figure out whore they, where they le, hen were they sho why werehey shot? they came up with rtain characteriics. they're male.

they're ten truant. they oftenome from families that are in trible shape, e or both parent missing in action they're ki who havected up. these are the ki who are likely to either get io trouble. they are shot and clubbed to ath within the t-hour window late anight or early in th morning right before sool. and so it'san attempt to figure ouby thosemetrics how you can st the violence by invesng in 10,000 ks, mentoring them, watchi them, trying to help them get employmt.ç it's controversial because there are 4,000 kids in chicago publicchools. so a lot resourceson a very small mber. >> bwn: in the end thisould chge the kind of response away fromç police actio i mean,olicing must stil be a big pa of this. but this is aimed at more like community seices and as you said mentori pgrams >> exactly. it'srying to attack it from a variety of avenues.

at the same time the ression is a reality ithese very poor neighborods that have just gott a lot poore the war on drugss not an significant part of any discussion aut what we're doing in tms of violence. >> brown: and,arol, wh about the question that some ised abou arnie duncan's action when he was serintendent tohange w the-- close some schls and chan where some of the children gto school? >> there is a veryeal and unresolveed controver about that, je. when he cloed down someç poorly futioning schools and tried to consolidate resources,he question is whether his staff lly appreciated the movement tudents across what are gang lis. they were crossi into neigorhoods that were rd@resentey other gangs, and the question is whether that has been a calyst to the violence duncan today sd, no, the number are negligible. but i taed some people nside

the school system tay who really belie that it has had a profound impact. >> brown: l right, carol marin of wttw chicago thanks very much. >> my pleasure. >> lehrer: finly tonight: a statue of a young hen keller comes toongress. "newshour" congrsional rrespondent kwame holman was there. ♪ç >> reporr: two young students fr the alabama institute for the deaf and blind sang for the aders of congress and a larg crowd in the citol rotunda this morning.ç they had gathered for e unveiling of atatue of perhaps alabama's st famous daughter: helen keller. >> by dediting this statue, we show that those called impfect

arworth our attentioand our hight honor, that alongside >> reporter: the bronze ca depicts the world-famo activist f disability rights as aeven-year-old child. the ti when the deaf and blind keller made the connecti tween her teacher's words an the water runng from the pump at her familhome in tuscumbia alabama. the scene was made iconic byhe 1962 movie "the oi$cle worr." keller went on to come the first deaf and bnd person to earn a college degree, sat whç headof state, and secured access and opportunities f the disa. she died i1968. carl augto is president of the americanoundation for the blind. >> she embodieamerican spirit of limitless possibilityy

becoming aactivist, writer and lecturer. >> reporter: the statue ll replace that of anlabama confederate ficer and educator as onef the two statues each state is granted in the capil. kell's will be the ninth of a woman and e only one of a person with disabilities alabama's congressiol delegati was well-represented athe ceremony. senator jeff sessions. >> i can think of a betterç person for the state to nor and really f the nation to honor. reporter: congressman artur davis. so whyot offer up a symbol.ç >> reporter: speakersaid that- - as the only atue of a child- - keller's likeneswill intest and inspire many of the childr who see it in its permanent placinside the capitol sitors' center.

>> lehrer: again, e major developments of the day: pakistan's rolin fighting terror was prime topic, both in pakistaand at the white house. the pakianis defended their resolvin pursuing the taliban and al-qaeda. the congressional budgetffice report a key health care bill in the sene would cost $829o6cj& billion over 10 ars. that's well below initial estimates. onewshour.pbs.org: two online-only atures tonight; an upte on the u.s. response tthe violence in guinea; and a preview the new season f the pbs series, "art 21."ç it bins tonight. jeffy brown talked with executivproducer susan sollins. here's an excerpt: >>t's a very in-depth introduction tartists, who are speaking itheir own voices. there'nobody telling you, the viewerwhat to think about

theiwork. they are telling h they made it, how they think aboutt, and i think that a unique opportunity. >> lehrer: jeff's nversation and a cl from the first episode are our art beat page. we'll see yoon-line and again re tomorrow evening. i'm jim lehrer. thank you and od night. major funding r the newshour wi jim lehrer is provided by: ç >> what the world nes now is energy. the energy to get e economy hummg again. the engy to tackle challenges like clima change. whats that energy came from an energy comny? everyday, chevron inves $62 llion in people, in ideas-- seeking, teaing, building. fueling growthround the world to move us all ahead. this is the por of human energy. chevron.

>> toyota. intel. supporting math and scienc >> and by bnsf railway. grant thornton and by thelfred p. sloan foundation. supporting sence, technology, and improved economic performance and finaial litera in the 21st century. and withhe ongoing support of these institutions and fodations. and... this program w made possible by the corporaon for public broadcastin and by contributio to your pbs station from viewers le you. thank you. captioning onsored by macneil/lehrer productis