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and major corporations. what can we do for you? >> at shell, we believe the world needs a broader mix of energies. that is why we are supplying cleaner-burning natural gas to generate electricity, and it is also why with our partner in brazil, shell is producing ethanol, a biofuel made from renewable sugarcane. let's broaden the world's energy mix. let's go. >> and now, "bbc world news." >> this is "bbc world news america." just say by a norwegian court, -- judged sane by a norwegian court, anders breivik is

sentenced to jail, issuing an apology for not killing more. >> and building a future on the grim foundations. as rio de janeiro rushes to get ready for the olympics, remnants of its past slave trade are being unearthed. welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe. it has been 13 months since anders breivik went on a killing spree in norway which left 77 people dead. today, he learned the sentence for his crimes. the court fim sane and impose the maximum penalty of 21 years. he used the appearance as a chance to apologize, not for his victims, but to the far right for not killing more

people. >> anders breivik says he killed to destroy a liberal, multi- cultural norway. today, a norwegian court demonstrated his failure to achieve that goal. unanimous verdict from five judges -- guilty of mass murder and terrorism, sane not insane. >> anders breivik, born february 13, 1979, sentenced to a term of 21 years and a minimum of 10 years. and in practice, that 21-year sentence may be extended as long as breivik is judge dangerous. why was he smirking? for him, being judged say was a priority. he believes it somehow legitimizes what he calls a crusade against muslims in europe. his trail of killing started in oslo with a huge bomb explosion

outside the prime minister's office. norway's emergency services rates to defend their capital city, but already, he was headed to an island near there, if a police uniform, he coldly, calmly sought -- shot dead young people at the annual cap organized by norway's labour in party. legitimate targets, he called them, being trained to promote a multi-cultural europe. a few weeks later, he was taken back to the island to talk through his actions. >> this evening, when he was allowed his moment to speak in court, he used it to apologize to other extremists for not killing more people before the judge cut him off midsentence. it did not stop breivik throwing one last nasty salute before he was handcuffed. young survivors of the island massacre found the trial helpful, even therapeutic. >> it was kind of in powering

and strengthening. he had no power over me anymore. he could not hurt me anymore. >> political parties of right and left now said it will tone down the immigration, but not sure if the debate. >> when the prime minister says more tolerance, he speaks on behalf of the majority of us, but not all. we have to let that debate come. we have to be able to heal as a nation. >> anders breivik is now beginning his sentence on the outskirts of oslo. most believe conditions will never be right for him to be released. some worry he will be able to exploit access to a computer, although not the internet, to write more of the fanatical manifesto he hopes will launch a

revolution. breivik will be in solitary confinement, to protect other criminals but also to protect norway's most notorious criminal from them. >> for more on today's sentence, i spoke a brief time ago to steve in oslo. a lot of people watching this in america, where the death penalty is still legal in many states, might find the sentence if it lenient. 21 years. not even life theory do norwegians feel justice has been served? >> i think that if you ask norwegians what they think about the verdict and the sentence, most people will tell you that they are happy with the verdict that has been handed down. a recent survey suggested that 75% of the public believed that anders breivik was sane and should go to predict -- prison, and because norway does not have the death sentence or even a

life sentence, 21 years is the maximum penalty, that is what norwegians wanted to get. we should not forget that under norwegian law, that could be extended, and most people believe he will end up spending the rest of his life behind bars. >> what about breivik's reaction when the verdict was passed down? but judging him stand, the verdict has conferred on him a dubious this is a political terrorist instead a psychotic killer -- psychotic killer. is that what he wanted? >> i was speaking to one of the defense lawyers at the court date, and he told me that the only two outcomes of the trial that breivik would have accepted would have been the death penalty, which does not exist in norway, or an acquittal, but it is true to say that a prison sentence -- he would have preferred that over psychiatric care. he does not want to be seen as a madman. he wants to be seen as a

political terrorist, an ideologue, and he feared that if he had been declared insane and sentenced to psychiatric care, and in the eyes of society, he would have been seen as a madman. i think as far as mr. breivik is concerned, he got what he wanted. >> in new york today, a gunman opened fire near the and fire state building. the shooter killed one person, and nine were injured before police shot the disgruntled worker dead. >> made him surrounded one of the world's best known landmarks -- the empire state building -- today. after the third mass shooting in the u.s. this summer. a construction worker who witnessed the incident described the chaos. >> we can see right now -- we saw everything. the bodies laid out. all the bullets on the floor,

everything. >> others were relieved just to be alive. >> i heard multiple gunshots. i heard one single gunshot, and then it was producing real because there was no screaming. i too was just slow motion. >> i saw the girl that was running next to me go down. that could have been me. she was in the late. them dressed in a business suit, the 53-year-old shot dead a former colleague before being killed by police in a shootout in which nine others were injured. then he pulled his 45 caliber pistol from his bag and fired on the officers, who returned fire, killing him. >> the former accessories designer was laid off about a year ago. >> on a typical day, at 10,000 or 20,000 visitors passed through the doors of the empire state building, but this was not a typical day. tourists and office workers on this street corner ran for

cover as gunfire rang out. >> the scourged of gun control has been at the forefront of the shootings this summer at a temple in wisconsin and a cinema in colorado. this morning, midtown manhattan had a dramatic first encounter with the problem. >> in other news, the german chancellor angela merkel says the greek government is doing all it can to clean up its financial mess. as she spoke after meeting the greek prime minister. she asked germany to -- the greek prime minister ask for more time about money. ms. merkel once again said greece must remain in the eurozone. two american officials were wounded in mexico when their vehicle came under fire on a road south of the capital in mexico city. more than 30 shots were fired at the armored car, which had diplomatic license plates. the incident took place early in the morning, and the motive

remains unclear. iran's nuclear program is a constant worry for the west. despite a growing list of sanctions, there is fresh evidence that tehran is actually heating up as work. reports indicate hundreds of new centrifuges have been installed, and today, the israeli prime minister said those reports were evidence that iran is totally ignoring international demands. david sanger wrote about the issue in today's "new york times." he joins me now. thank you very much for coming in. >> thanks for having me. >> how much closer is iran to building a nuclear bomb? what are your sources telling you? >> i do not think that this particular development, which was not a huge surprise, changes

the timeline dramatically. if iran decided to do a break out, that is throw out the inspectors, try to turn it into bomb tools, in four, five, six months, it could produce a nuclear weapon. would probably take it a few years to shrink something down that could fit atop a missile. but the broader message here is that when president obama came to office in early 2009, iran had enough fuel to make about one bomb, and that was after years of efforts by the bush administration. as president obama heads into the last stage of his reelection campaign, it has the fuel to make about five bombs. any production capability is accelerating. >> does this mean the sanctions basically are not working. >> they may be working to exact a price for this program, but it -- if the goal of the sanction was to force a political decision that the bomb program

or getting toward a capability of building a bomb is not worth it, then it has not worked. >> that have been questions about whether and to take matters into its own hands and carry out a preemptive strike. when you were researching, what are you hearing? did you get a sense that this would make it more likely? >> the debate is certainly well under way in israel again as it had been in the spring. you quoted prime minister netanyahu, who was basically making the case that sanctions have failed and diplomacy is not working. does that mean that he is going to order an attack between now and, say, the presidential election? i think the chances of that, while there is a significant chance, are relatively low. probably 25% to 30%. a good deal of what is going on right now is an effort to try to get president obama to make more commitments for the u.s. to join

in such an action eventually because the u.s. has such a capability, if the moment came. but the question is more a political one and a technological one. he is trying to imagine who he think will win the election and whether he thinks that even if mitt romney one, whether he would spend a year or year and half getting his feet solid and trying to figure out what it would take to go stop iran. >> very briefly, if there is a strike against iran, the region itself is in absolute turmoil at the moment. it could be disastrous. >> it could be. there are many people advising prime minister netanyahu, including his intelligence and military officials and many retired intelligence and military officials here the other side is if iran when damages with the west, that they would kill innocent civilians. >> still to come on tonight's

program, said to be stripped of his tour de france titles, lance armstrong gives up his fight against the u.s. agency which claims he used performance- enhancing drugs. since the conflict in syria began, residents have been fleeing across the board. today, the united nations refugee agency put that number at more than 200,000. it said 30,000 refugees have crossed into turkey, lebanon, iraq, and jordan in the past week alone. many governments in neighboring countries are becoming concerned they will not be able to deal with the influx. >> it looks quiet enough and well organized at this refugee camp for syrians in turkey, but there is growing national alarm at what is a growing exodus from syria and the violence in syria itself. united nations says the numbers have already exceeded its

forecast for the totals by the end of this year. >> each member of our family this summer. we are not happy about that. they are taking good care of us here, but we are not happy at all because we are separated. >> turkey is closed now to more than 70,000 refugees, and it says it cannot cope with the growing numbers. as well as turkey, syria's other neighbors are also feeling the refugee strain. this is the devastation that the refugees have been fleeing. the northern city of aleppo this week has been a bitter and bloody battleground as government and rebels have fought for control. nt seems the intensification of the bombardments reported in recent days have led to a new surge of fleeing families. turkey, among others, has suggested creating safe havens within syria to ease the exodus, but there is little chance of agreement on that either from the syrian government or internationally. but the refugee flow is one reason why there is a new diplomatic initiative from

france to get united nations security council to meet again next week, at least to focus on the humanitarian fallout from syria's long-running and increasingly agonizing conflict. >> for years, lance armstrong was an athlete who seemed almost untouchable, with seven tour events titles and endless endorsement deals. he brought a new celebrity to cycling, but last night, he shocked the sporting world by declaring that he has given up the fight against doping allegations. today, the stage was set for him to be stripped of the titles, and he has been banned from the sport for life. the b.c. sports editor david on reports. >> lance armstrong's life story is one of the most dramatic sports has ever known. he won the tour de france seven times in a row, elevating cycling to new levels and his own profile to the american a

list, and it was all the more extraordinary because he did it after overcoming a life- threatening cancer. >> it looks good. it looks good. >> his career and reputation have been dogged by persistent allegations that his achievements were fuelled by band performance enhancing drugs, claims he has always denied. >> i try not to let it bother me. and just keep rolling right along. i know what i know, and i know what i do and i know what i did. that is not going to change. >> today, it did change. faced with a rash of charges from the u.s. anti-doping agency, backed up by as many as 10 former teammates, armstrong uncharacteristically thrgh the towel. in a statement, he said there comes a point in every man's life when he has to say enough is enough. for me, that time is now. armstrong says this is not an admission of guilt.

despite that, the u.s. anti- doping agency has banned him for life and stripped him of his titles. those sanctions can be appealed, but for the man leading the fight against doping, the implications for armstrong are clear. >> decided to rebut the charges, very serious charges, effectively a acknowledging that they have -- failing to but the charges is effectively acknowledging that they have merit. >> cycling has by now become accustomed to dealing with major doping scandals, but the lance armstrong case may be the biggest blow yet to its credibility. one of our strong's former teammates says cycling has changed. >> just watch the tour de france. it is a completely different style of racing. i think that is the biggest indication as cycling is gting cleaner as the years go on. >> for many, lance armstrong will always be viewed as one of sport's biggest heroes.

while today's developments leave a lot of questions unanswered, his reputation has been damaged perhaps beyond repair. >> now to brazil where preparations are well under way for the 2016 summer games. yet, this week, the country's past links to the slave trade have been the focus of the bank aimed at preserving brazil's heritage. it could be included on unesco's world heritage list. for the community, it is a chance to highlight the city's african heritage while trying to ensure it is preserved. >> the crane stood still and all was quiet. but with some help, all that is about to change.

there will be new museums. better public spaces, and this highway will disappear under ground. is much of the city's future built on grim foundations like the recent innovations uncovered. >> right here, we have made an extraordinary discovery. this was where slaves from africa would arrive in brazil. some 500,000 souls to work on the coffeeiola atntns and sugar plantations of brazil. dam it c one slapped against these stones. it was the largest of many arrival points for the millions who were enslaved.

from the centuries old mud, the lives are reemerging. a child's tiny bracelet. a single hearing. perhaps from mozambique. >> a small jewel box that is very rare to find. difficult to find. 1700 small beads. >> this neighborhood was called little africa. long gone are the buildings where slaves were fattened. here, the fate of those who made it no further has been uncovered. she was carrying out work at het home when builders found a graveyard of the slaves who had died after the long voyage from africa. the discovery still moves her.

ec two things -- a lack of respect during life and a lack of respect during death. theyid have graves. the bones were broken up and thrown away as if they were trash. a few blocks away, the birthplace appeared most of the residents here are poor. luis torres is one of the founders of the group that preserves the areas african heritage. he says it is under threat. >> they are disappearing. the new investments in the region, th not valued our traditions. they are more interested in looking at years of slavery. oldeste is the city's relic. a new cable car is being built, which will make it easier getting up here. hundreds of families will see

their homes disappear if the neighborhood is renovated. it provides opportunities. from this once derelict buildings into a building, also sweeping case throughout the neighborhood. >> there is a restaurant opening here locally. this organization helps afro- brazilian businesses get off the ground. he says the development could be a defining moment for the city. rio is becoming a world-class city. important discoveries are helping to better understand that the origins are black. the city is being shown toward lot as it lacks a that was buried a stylist, but his discoveries give a chance to rediscover the past and make leagues with the present. rio is not the first city to use

the olympics to try to bring life back to a forgotten neighborhood. but history is already alive here. the african roots of this neighborhood in the city run deeper. celebrating, encouraging, and honoring the african legacy here may yet turn out to be one of the grandest feats of the next olympic games. >> the vibrant african heritage of rio de janeiro. before we go, there is one last picture we have to show you. a baby panda born four weeks ago in san diego zoo has had its first physical examination. the panda, which weighs just under 700 grams, was found to be healthy with a strong heart and lungs. it also has a very distinctive

voice, which it used to make its opinions known while being handled. the examination was short because they did not want to keep become separated from its plan for long. because the mother's fifth offspring since arriving at the zoo. it also has a very large teeth. that brings today show to a close. remember, you can get constant updates on our website. and to see what we are working on at any time, simply go to our facebook page. from all of us here, thank you for watching, and have a good weekend. >> funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu, newman's own foundation, union bank, and

shell. >> at shell, we believe the world needs a broader mix of energies. that is why we are supplying cleaner-burning natural gas to generate electricity, and it is also why with our partner in brazil, shell is producing ethanol, a biofuel made from sugar cane. gyt's broaden the wor''ens mi let's go. >>