just weeks before a major u.n. climate summit in paris aimed at global fossil fuel emissions, sretary of state john kerry visited norfolk to make a case for climate change area carry visit that kerry visited the world's largest navy base. said at the last three decadehave been the warmest on record, melting glaciers, raising sea levels, and causing extreme left -- causing extreme weather events. causing global instability which will be cosy to address. joining us today to discuss climate change and national akagawa, are melanie n n and dan hsu who is with the atlantic council think tank. melanie, let me start with you. there are critics who reject climate change or challenge that

it is man-made. what are the basis that they -- the basis to the determination that this is a issue? melanie: scientists are telling us climate change are happening, we is real, humans are the cause of it, we must react. much like when a child has a fever. it is an indication of other system -- other symptoms that are out there. that is what is driving the president and secretary of state to take action as quickly as possible. obeyi -- - dog vago: wise this a security issue? are shared prosperity agenda, climate change has the bulleted to undermine all the developments we have made in each of those areas, whether it is a dressing droughts and humanitarian responses. ours a critical feature to

diplomatic policy. bank -- volv -- vago: what is the dod need to do to prepare for the implications? dan: the department of defense needs to anticipate the challenges in the security to -- security environment. they look at a number of key trends, things like economics, political demographics, and so forth. as we do with all the other trends looking at the most recent scientific data, it is the best way to project will kind ofnvironmente are operating in. th is how the department of defense looks at two or three different levels, the strategic level. how does it change the outlook with regard to the kind of strategic relationsnships we hae out there? one of the things melanie mentioned in terms of food and water security affect things like sick -- affect things like stability, could

exacerbate tensions between existing adversaries who may have significant levels of armaments that could cause real challenges for us and our allies around the world. at the operational level, as well. our effects need to do humanitarian assistance come our effects need to prepare our allies and partners to do that, and how it may change the actual operating environment in terms of weather conditions we need to operate in. it is very near term, how it is going to affect our existing installations and training and readiness issues. sea already seeing rising levels and other kinds of conditions affecting our ability to operate on a day to day basis. and to the extent that is true we neeeed to take that into consideration with how it affects the relative our military force. vago: climate talks on a start on november 30

at you are going to spend two weeks in paris, which is not bad unleless you are spending it wih 200 other people hiring on a climate deal. andrancoiserry hollande is adjusting he was a treaty to be coming out of this. from washington's perspectivive, what is it you guys want to get out of these talks given that the united states is try to position itself as a leader that? will be aopefully it nice two-week jaunt to paris. the u.n. is -- the u.s. is seeking a ambitious and durable agreement. ambitious in terms of making sure there is a long-term target out there. we really think this agreement can send a signal to the markets that world leaders are ready to come together to tackle this important challenge. while paris will be difficult negotiations, by no means success is guaranteed, there are

developments that have created some optimism going into the paris talks. for example, over 150 countries have put into place their carbon radiation production -- carbon pollution -- carbon pollution reduction pledges. this approach is one that is going to be embraced by the agreement. you have a bottom up agreement that is embracing what countries can do, nationally determined targets for carbon pollution. vago: do you think they'll be a treaty? melanie: some of the agreements will be legally binding other aspects don't need to be. you want to ensure some flexibility in the mechanism so the country can go above and beyond what they seek to do. there are two bits of criticism direct towards anyone of these crop -- anyone of theselimate agrments. critics say if change is

revocable why element eight anything else going forward? and secondly how do you are not cheating on this? china was consuming considerably more coal then admitted. how do you answer those two? there is a lot of optimism about the window for opportunity we have to capture. this is the moment to seize that opportunity, to actually address the global climate change challenge. it is not going to be a actrmine down, but we must now and we must act quickly. that is what paris is all about. it is putting us on the right altogether to address the climate pollution. this low carbon economy that the secretary talked about before, hats the greatest economic opportunity of our time to capture the opportunities out there. we have a global agreement to do so. this is how we see the paris talks moving forward and we think there is some optimism to address this. vago: held on holding countries accountable and whether or not they are being truthful?

melanie: we need measures along the way. over the next few years we will be checking in to make sure countries are meeting those targets as part of this confidence building approach. over time we will see more investment to the space, country showing political will to policyy move pledged to to implementation. as that happens it really builds trust in the system. there are things you can measure. electrons are electrons. there are countries thatre pledging gigawatt challenges or goals.s. we can see whether or not those are being met. it is tangible electricity deployment and clean and to see -- and clean electricity deponent. vago: what are different ways unit states needs to think about the climate problem? what are some of the investments that need to be made? howden's dod need to synchronize what it is doing with its

allies? dan: or are two areas in particular. of have heard the department defense talk over the past year or so about really looking at inallation infrastructure in particular. this is where we are seeing the most immediate need to o make se adjustments as we plan going rward. frankly the department of defense is doing the same thing the private sector is doing across t the board, they can really hard about the implications of climate change. as a result eod is already considerining what kind of implications it has for planning in places like norfolk. for future installations and making sure it is well protected it and making sure the forces that use those installations will be ready to respond when necessary. vago: it will put a budgetary challenge on the department, won't it? en banc the extent of the challenge will depend a little bit on how much we are able to prepare for this in advance. frankly a gets worse how longer

-- gets s worse the longer we delay this. a gets worse if we do this alone, so the need to do this with allies and partners to protect our infrastructure and installations worldwide is critical. that addsses the point you were raising them a which is this needs to be part of our efforts to ctoperate and collaborate internationally. us,: thank you for joining collaborate internationally. us,: thank you for joining we appreciate it. somehow it felt like everything was moving in slow motioion. if i didn't react, things could have gotten messy in a hurry. i mean just got that sweet ride with a great rate from navy federal. i was not about to let anything happen to her.

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vago: defefense leaders from acrossss america have gathered t the ronald reagan presidential library in california. ofhas become the double dose defense where major new defense ideas are discussed. joining us is byron of capital alpha partners, who attended this year's gathering. what w were the key take place - byron: there are some details othe offset strategy the department of defense has talked about. we heard the term human machine collaboration, that is the new

plastics f for the department of defense if you know the movie the graduate. vago: there's some discussion the offset strategy -- the rest of the wor has access to the same technology as we do and we have to find a way to offset their military advantages. there are a bunch of initiatives that have been underway to help the department determine what those offset strategies should be. are they jumping the gun by saying this man machine and to pay stuff is really must part in part? done ishat they have clearly they narrowed down the long haul of this offset strate. there's much more that needs to be done. the silicononhink valley outreach effort is going a lot slower than a lot of people recognize. to theg go back expectations that were created last april or august with the sesecretary's visits to silicon valley, it doesn't seem like we are tracking at st as a pa

as i expected. vago: about that, obviously , secretaryarter hagel, they have all talked about the importance of drivin novation. and you focused on that for a number of years, how does the department have to approach this to more systemically absorbed ideas to shape and get io that collaborative future that dr. carter wants? whole range of changes. first and foremost other has to be more outreach and engagement. , i ams an initiative always reminded. there is a lot of innovation outside of silicon valley across the united states, and a actualy internationally. part of this is putting the structure in place, part oit is getting the acquisition systemn a faster cycle.

there has to be ney to fund some of this and it is not clear that is available yet. vago: a lot of ththe major defee contractors, obviously secretary cacarter, have prpressed compans to bring m more ideas to the dedepartment a and a lot of thte copies are arguing that we have invested a huge amount to develop these ideas to o bring them to you to find that they actually g go nowhere. the scorpion airircraft would be one ofhose examples. there many small firms to bring good ideas forward. does the department need to change how it fundamentally approaches this to take some of these risks or reward some of these innovations as opposed to saying that is a greatat idea, w let us lauh competition? byron: absolutely. the department shoulbe able to reward unique ideas, not say that is nice idea, let us hold a competition. the person or companity inially

came up with this idea doesn't see any reward for their efforts. ththat is not going to apply across the entire spectrum of defense capability and programs. thingsarly some of these , where thnological changes are occurriring the fastest, soe of those models need to be applied. vago: when we're looooking at d a day -- at him and day -- at a risky transnsaction, they said just as there is no change in the policy between mergers and acquisitionsns. he also suggested there needs to be policy changes for national security determination. we h have about 45 seconds, but can you tell us whether or not his statement will have a chilling effect on and a day - - on m&a? byron: may be amongng the larget companies, but there is some doubt about whether that can

really happen. really think a was ever in thears, particularly with secretary carter in place. are going toes defend their ierests and small innovative companies can be disruptive to large companies. i think there is a national recognition that large companies are going to defend their interests and they are not always aligned with the interests of the department of defense.e. vago: we always appreciate it.

vago: the army is in the midst of a sweepingrmor -- sweeping .odernizatation its vehicles at the recent association o the army'trade show, the association unveiled its new combat strategy. we met with brigadier general

dave bassett. i asked him to claim how the new plan dovetails with current modernization efforts. general bassett: we have the , andons of the m1 tank that is in the general dynamics booth. vago: with a gun poiointed at te escalator. bassett: we have an upgraded version of the striker, which includes an in vehicle network and a lot of great advances. although they are not here, an upgraded version of the bradley fighting vehicle. howitzer inw production. we have 12 units delivered to the government. and the program is off to a

great start. really understanding where we have to make adjustments in the requirement so we can keep t the program moving f forward. delivered totypes the test -- delivered toest. any: you're not letting grass grow under its feet. talk about the capabilities the army has. the vehicle program folio --? portfolio is being criticized, and this is a way to move it forward. -- vehicle portfolio was being criticized and this is a way to move it forward. general bassett: this articulates the need for mobility and firepower across our formation, allowing more firepower. in whats some insight is needed in our striker formationsns. areave capabilities that planned beyond this initial round ofof upgrades to the abras tank and the bradley as well.

particular at our strategy, it articulates the need for four new capabilities. there are a couple that won't be that arertfolio intended to increase the mobility of the grounded mobility vehicle and light reconnaissance vehicle. it is likely -- it is probably unlikely they will manage those to help facilitate the success of those programs. on the heavier side, mobile protected firepower, which i isn the range of a lig combat vehiclef -- like m a vehicle with a large gun on it. -- light combat hicle with a large gun on it. -- how we may address that requirement and a potential solution. we'll -- we are thinking about

ways of how to lay those into the budget and balance those priorities. there was some delay in our ability y to pursue a replacemet for the bradley. that has been driven by e lack of resources in the portrtfolio. one of the tngs driving me on schedule is whether or not -- is not whether or not we can produce these things quicy, it is budget. we are trying to fit a lot into a portfolio that is somewhat limited. votto bank one of the thing -- vago: one of the things we talked about was control. some of these vehicles have gone off track because of the legal requirements. haveou narrowed some of these programs down to core performance parameters? tot you are going to have stick to to excel or the

schedule? : there- general bassett are four items that need to be aligned for the program to be successfulul. that comes down to an alignment of requirements, the technology to deler the capability, the funding that is necessary, so you don't want requirements that required of element that has money only for non-developmental item, and alas is the process to get that capability quickly. as those programs move their way through the acquisition process, is that t alignment we are lookg for. community.r that sometimes requires prototyping, sometimes requires -- every time it requires a great relationship to help our user understand how much it costs and d how those things coe together in an integrated package so we can understand the relationships.

those are obvioly the combat teams that formed the core of the army. another critical vehicle is the lifetime vehicle, which is a humvee replacement, given that some of the vehicles aren't suited to do that sort of front end work. obviously lockheed martin has protested that position. you have worked hard on that competition as well up the program at some point. how significant is this the lay? deco is that ay significant delay? >> i was involved with the program all the way back to milestone b. i think the program did some smart things in the way the program wass structured, early goes back to enabling our users to understand the relationship

between cocost and requirements. vago: if you look at the amount of effort and work that nt into controlling the cost of that program, talklk to us a bi ababout how you guys are working to crack the codend whether or not this program could be a modefor a bunch of other programs, both in understanding the decisions you are making upfront about what you want, how mumuch what you want costs, and evaluating the savings over time. general bassett: there are some unique things in the way we imagine that criteria being developed. wasof the things we got at luing life cycle costs, at the same time luing production costs, and rolling those things together in a single factor. cycleowed to take e life costs into account as yoyou are picking a vendor. you are not picking the most -- the lowestts production costs.

there were yet -- there were some unique things we did set early on in the program's development that allowed that to haen, then allowing rocksolid consistency and requirements from the time we kicked off f te 2011 or 2012 area there was very gooconsistency requirements. interviewmore of our go to defensenews.cocom. we are also told how to make the most of credit cards that offer re-warts. >> the shopping and giving season is a great time to renew inventory of the wards and your wallet. make sure you are getting the most of your spending and rewards. using the always be's cap -- always be using the card that gives you the most points. if you want straight cash as rewards, make sure you keep track k of your ca back in balance -- cashback balance.

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boom open to the armed forces, the dod and their families. navy federal credit union. but two state owned tv stations acdentally showed the plans of a top-cret russian torpedo designed to contaminate harbors and c coastlines. the channel showed a military official looking at the document

about th static that the status six weapon. at the same meetinputin said scow would take reliatory measures to strengthen the count's nuclear forces. the torpedo disclosure was no accident as it is tightly scripted. putin claims russia needs more powerful nuclear weapons to overcome nato's missile defense system. nato is building a limited -- limitedect itself system to prott itself. against't do anyththing torpedoes fired from unseen submarines. anyn needs tbe reminded nuclear atta on nato will elicit a nuclear response. increasing training and investment and making it perfectly clear to moscow that such threats may boost putin's popularity at home. thanks for watching. we will be back next week at the

same time. until then, have a great week. [music] >> dr. charles stanley: what's the first noise you hear in the morning? what's the first voice you hear? what's the first sound you hear? do you wake up and turn on the radio, turn on the television, your favorite music?c? or are you interested in listening to what god may have to say to you in that given day? >>ale announcer: today on "in touch," "to whom are you listening?" [music] ♪ she slipped through the ♪ door. ♪ sat on the last pew. ♪ a heart full of questio.