union and pa security alliance to oppose the soviet union. russia remains but the nature of the threat is changed. has changed. there is an enormous cyber component to make sure nato is compared to confront the challenge. it's also the case with china we no longer have geographic boundaries. boundaries. china poses a threat trying to infiltrate systems and communications and technolog ind all the things china would want to do to empower itself at the expense of our transatlantic partnerpartners, so they need te prepared to do that as well. they've also taken on an increased role in fighting terrorism and the forces in afghanistan today and around the world working on the counterterrorism surveys important that nato reflect that and be fit for the purpose and 2020. the second thing the president focused on is making sure that it wasn't america bearing too great a burden connected to that and so he asked these countries to do the simple thing of honoring the promise they made. every one of them made a promise they would spend 2% of their own co

in the soviet union computer was mainstream people brewed the drink in their kitchens it was known as the team mushroom critique of still experiments at home with new flavors for caribou come he and his business partner is john founded karibu and 2016 as the 1st russian computer company they still try to use mainly russian ingredients for their flavors including juniper berries and pine nuts and they add a healthy dose of nostalgia as well. as we always waited for our grandmother to pour as a glass of fresh mushroom she cool it down a lot as. it was only after the fall of the soviet union in the ninety's the fountain and coca-cola and all those carbonated soda started pouring into russia. now campbell is experiencing a revival in russia around a dozen mainly russian companies sell the drink in the country but memories of the team mushroom don't always help complete your sales regular because bush is a drink made from tea mushroom i haven't heard of it i've only heard of the teen mushroom yet i won't risk drinking something i don't like the look of. but curry become brooches makers are

in 1954 when it didn't really matter when it was all the soviet union and so people here really celebrated the an accession the illegal an exception of that peninsula in 2014 as a defiant move from bloody amir putin he's very much seen as a symbol of kind of russia standing against the west defying the west and actually that manic sation led to a huge spike in putin's ratings as well one that he could need at the moment with surveys showing that trust is that historic low in bloody revolution this whole thing covered by russian media. well the coverage of this opening today has been rather bombastic we saw putin kind of traveling across the bridge we saw presenters referring to that footage today on t.v. as a historic moment just last year vladimir putin opened kind of a road traffic on the bridge he actually drove across a truck across the bridge now we see him and then in a train he was addressing as well workers today the workers that build that built this bridge in as people here say record time and he was saying that this is a symbol that russia really can do everything and anything a

bolstered by the soviet union and the king and t. led by general chiang kai shek drawing its support from the united states. the u. s. was investing a lot in china and they were very much betty all their relations with generally so much on pay checks rejean as well as the jones family and after the end of the 2nd world war i seeing the united states made the wrong bet. the k m t it lost the battle for china and embarked on a great retreat to the island of taiwan where it established the republic of china that. on october 1st $949.00 would declare the mainland the people's republic of china signaling had another shift away from the failed old order and the end of what many chinese saw as a century of humiliation. the chinese communist party under mao for the 1st time had a very deep or mobilisation of the whole chinese society for a political purpose moscow tried to a bear there all these are you could treat it with western powers saw the career china as a more than those who stayed. should be treated by other nations. in 1950 mouse m

were developed that were quite similar to what was being done in the soviet union you mentioned a couple of that or images that matter for us that americans use to describe their . national policy for as the melting pot most recently it's mistake you use the matter for all of our communal apartment for the soviet approach of communal apartment with private rooms and shared bathroom and shared kitchen. does it still apply to more than day russia is that how russia deals with the athlete and national question the world is not quite over that russia is different from all the other post communist nations. in that it is a multinational state there are a ministry to the units within the russian federation there that are different and it's unlikely. and that least in the official rick it is common to talk about the peoples of russia not just the people of russia this is quite different from as i said all the other post communist states which are. ideologically mono yes think so russia is peculiar but of course it's no longer engaged in tense promotion of yes nick difference. now when i was thin

it was only after the fall of the soviet union in the ninety's the fountain and coca-cola and all those carbonated soda started pouring into russia will be there on the picket now campbell is experiencing a revival in russia around a dozen mainly russian companies sell the drink in the country but memories of the team mushroom don't always help complete just sales i do that because bush is a drink made from tea mushroom i haven't heard of it i've only heard of the team mushroom yet i won't risk drinking something i don't like the look of but car makers are hoping russians can see beyond the surface after all the tart probiotic drink has health benefits and analysts say internationally sales are worth over a $1000000000.00 and they're on the rise. of the market is huge because in russia people are increasingly interested in healthy drinks and healthy food and in a healthy lifestyle. baffled by buffalo oleksandr q cuffing wants to convince russians that this soviet classic has really turned the corner. that's it for me in the business team thanks for watching 3rd. show hello halflings thi

there was an old joke growing up in the soviet union. there is no news in the truth and no truth in the news. >> name of the two biggest newspapers. >> of course. >> it's pretty chilling to hear somebody who experienced the soviet union for himself to see echoes of it now today in america. >> imagine what i think by listening all this nonsense, because it just reminds me of old days. actually, it's probably even worse because we knew that whatever was published on the front page of a pravda newspaper, we should not -- we could disregard it. and it was difficult to find alternative sources of information. i never thought that in the free world in america, when you have so many options just to go from one channel to another, people could be overwhelmed by this notion of lies. and also it resembles what putin has been doing over these years by simply lying and paying no consequences for that. >> i've always been fascinated in a place like the soviet union or other countries i've traveled to when officials were lying and saying an alternate

union why did america base that the side that you know what the soviet union was actually the model for us that's what the way we're going what happened and what it why why are they doing this i think it or well predicted it he said that the liberals have become the next fascists and that's why you have the fascist government is the merger of state corporate powers and you mention about jamie diamond manipulating gold prices they don't want gold prices to go up because it shows. the valueless this of what they have you can talk about trends you talk about or well it's all about all this hawksley he did brave new world and these are 2 dystopian novels from the previous century that are considered classics or well kind of a soviet like centralization hawksley had been it had a centralization based on a solution nation like you see with social media that was the. was the drug that everyone took to become perpetually in by and in hallucinating. it seems like we have a combination of both we have both the soma of social media with the dictatorship of the liberal fascists is that a fair c

he only focused on the soviet union. so the cia was hobbled. it's totally fanciful that the cia was using u.s. government money to pay off those who were the opposition. >> in december of 1979, jimmy carter did not like the national christmas tree as a symbol of unity for those held hostage. did that become another matter for metaphor? >> it was. i talked to him, during the book, to a number of your colleagues, people who were reporters at the time and they all said that carter called and he admitted it to me in an interview for the book, that he gave too much attention to it. he could have said, we made an offer to the iranians about negotiating this. they are responsible for the safety of john and his colleagues. if they violated, we will go about it militarily. instead you had yellow ribbons all over, not lighting the christmas tree. he caused more attention for this crisis. you could not have avoided it, obviously, but he made it the centerpiece. he said publicly, every morning when i get up, the first thing i think about is the hostages. a

he was able work able work a bulwark against the soviet union. he was the principal supplier of oil for israel. he was suave, debonair, beautiful wife, gorgeous palace. he seemed impregnable. no one would have foreseen that what we saw occurring here in november of 1979 would have happened except when the shah was forced to leave. when he was, there was an earlier efforts to get into the embassy in february of 1979, which john will remember. in that instance, i told the leader of the radical revolutionaries the prime minister and foreign minister got the police to intervene and take students out of the embassy. this was a repeat later in that same year after circumstances had changed. you have to go back to 1953 to understand the feeling in iran that the shah had been imposed on their country. one last point you cannot say the shah was a typical autocrat. he had a tough security service that went after any opposition, but he was a reformer in many ways. he had a white revolution to compete with the red revolution of communism. he empowered women,

and the soviet union stood on the brink of nuclear confrontation. with well i got to norm robert mcnamara will who's 60 of friends and morris in the oval office with jack kennedy during the cuban missile crisis he said to me helen you don't know how close we came. to within 3 minutes quote unquote. i think the situation could well be compatible with that. decisions to launch a nuclear strike need to be made quickly and then there are the crews who would actually launch the missiles caldicott has heard some alarming reports. the man in the missile silos in america. is to have minutes just side they are aged 18 to 26 have live in dogs just so nervous or press the buttons are there with the pistol one shoot if one shows signs of deviant behavior but the deviant one much the other one recently it's been determined that many of those men taking l.s.d. not in their missile silos but beforehand and having wild socket experiences allowing at it taking marijuana cocaine and the like. caldicott things a nuclear strike could be launched by mistake. here both g

the invasion of afghanistan by the soviet union led to a meeting on the morning of christmas day. the the office of secretary of state vance i was present to discuss what should be done to punish the soviet union and there were a great number of ideas put out some of which i thought were very bad one of them was an olympic boycott one other one was that we wrap up the relationship with china so on january 5th 1980 other words about 12 days later secretary of defense harold brown went to beijing and he agreed with the chinese on several points one was that we would work in parallel to oust the soviets from afghanistan this led to the purchase of weapons from the chinese for the majority and which peaked in $197630000000.00 of weaponry a year. also. as the $980.00 s. went on we began to buy weapons from the chinese to train our own forces against soviet equipment so that made 20 one's made in time to be picked up at the military airport in beijing in giant american planes and flown to nevada where american pilots trained others on his to fly soviet style exercise against american pi

it was one of the triggers behind the collapse of the soviet union. the party cracked and the country collapsed in the aftermath. there could be just one ideology. patriotism, in the positive sense, it should be depoliticized. the ultimate goal is it should be the framework of the russian state. >> our japanese colleagues from kyoto are sitting right here. >> hello, mr. president. i would like to ask you regarding your attitude, your vision, your ideas regarding the nuclear war. you had mentioned that they -- the usa do not want to extend the treaty and when this treaty will end there will be nothing to stop it and prevent nuclear war. mr. putin: that will not happen. what are you talking about, upcoming nuclear war? stop using that language. >> we are very much concerned. we know well that you are having a lot of trouble upholding the -- having a lot of effort to at least uphold the status quo. but you have mentioned that you will respond with mirror actions. i think it is a very bad thing because it can lead to nuclear war. what do you think about t

union when there is no soviet union there is no communist china and there are much more imminent threats right now in the globe non-state actors terrorist organizations i agree with you there are lots of disagreements internal disagreements within their lines and yet at the same time to turkish officials continue extolling the value of neda and how substantial turkey's role within they to has been if we look specifically at the last 3 decades what did he get out of nato for all its contributions frankly i over the last 3 decades i don't think turkey has gotten much out of nato besides a couple air bases inside the country at times a limited deployment of some air defenses turkey hasn't got much but when you look at what turkey has given nato whether it be supporting the afghanistan operation whether it be supporting kosovo or bosnia and when you look at the turkish military nato 2nd largest army you see a army with a very high operational capacity and a heavy experience when it comes to hot conflicts. geopolitically turkey's the long arm of nato that extends deep into these hot conflict

worked with the so you have relations with the soviet comic ties with the soviet union but when the soviet union and began to collapse they. were introduced to the european union. and i think with the crimea more or less. the same to patients we have low budget. it's russian territory but everybody would return. get about it for a while the 2nd which is way more important at the moment we're in eastern ukraine where people are dying every single day and that's where your focus is right now that's where the focus from european leaders european union is united states is and the focus of ukraine. i think that's where we find the new media. solution in the meanwhile while 'd. ordinary craniums they would have been. there like. the better than it is right now with. a debate yet again for another day with people from crimea victor all of it in moscow i mean you had our guest in kiev and of course there is obviously 2 sides to this of course from russia's point of view you know as they see ukraine getting closer to the e.u. or certainly more friendly russia has been thrown out of the g 8 it's had

three years later the soviet union sent the first human in space. in his speech, john f. kennedy said, i believe this nation should commit itself to the goal before this decade is out of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth. wanting to have part in exploring the space frontier and afraid of the soviet union's new military advantage, nasa began to work on reaching that goal. >> my team and i performed the trajectory analysis forr ara al shepherd. >> john glenn orbited earth. nasa had acquired their first ibm computer which is programmed to calculate the trajectory but the manufactured computers were known to make mistakes. now that machines did most of the commutation for nasa, human computers were not needed as much but the astronauts were hesitant of putting their lives in the hands of electronic machines. a day before john glenn flew, he refused to get into the spacecraft unless katherine johnson personally double checked the numbers. he said, get the girl to check the numbers. if she says they're good, i'm ready to go. >> it took me a day and a h

response it was how to react and kind of war 2 words soviet union ships if you have a flexible response you need a flexible response today about new threats there is no single biggest threats but that doesn't mean that they are not multi polar threats. for example russia or china or cyber war or terrorism over threats from boise and that nato members don't necessarily all share the same values as they did for so long they don't necessarily share the values that are maps out in the preamble of the nato treaty yes but do they have to share the same values to confront the variety of firsts maybe not maybe they can confront a variety of threats with different kind of elegance i mean clearcut example is. the president of turkey who clearly has a different kind of values than the rest of nato before we continue i'd like to come back she wants to know mr atta and let's just go to a clip we have of the way the president. addressed the meeting in london the agenda the very robust agenda he brought within that some people have dismissed as blackmail let's listen. to all of our friends at nato do

so it was created to fight the soviet union and to be a security alliance to oppose the soviet union. the soviet union is no more, russia remains pu but the nature of the the threat from refresh russia changed too there is the sfiesh threat from russia. we need to make sure nato is prepared to confront that. it's case with -- china poses an enormous risk to nato too. trying to infiltrate nato communications systems and technology, all of the things china would want to do to empower itself at the expense of our trans-atlantic partners. nato needs to be prepared for that as well. nato has taken on increased role in fighting terrorism. there are nato forces in afghanistan today and around the world working with counterterrorism. the threat has changed. i want important that nato reflect and that be fit for purpose for 2020. the second thing the president was focused on was making sure it wasn't america bearing too great a burden can connected to that. president trump asked the companies to do the simple things of honoring the propz they made. every country made the promise they would spe

against a unified threat from the soviet union a threat which has not changed with the times it's russia it's china it's cyber security it's islamic terrorism no longer a 0 sum game between 2 sides now a multiple game between multiple sides and multiple interests this alliance is supposed to be celebrating 70 years of unity here i think is going to be precious little time for that thank you for that john hall live for us in london. now president is in london in the middle of an election campaign the opposition candidates have been attacking britain's prime minister warns johnson for his close relationship with the us president let's go to nadine baba who's at a protest in london's trafalgar square a protest against the u.s. president who is at this protest. who fully there's a whole range of people as you might expect any visit by the u.s. president will attract a whole variety of campaign groups we've got people with banners saying no to war on iran a reference to the u.s. pressure recently against the iranian government after. president trying to get the u.s. out of that nuclear deal t

years longer now we're in 20 twentieth's think the us will soviet union finally on early collapse as adam curtis showed in demonstrated and hyper normalization at least the soviet citizens at that point did not have any delusions that the system was normal and could possibly sustain itself most americans tune into m s n b c or fox and they're there like sooth there's the old everything is normal this is ok everything's fine it's like that burning dog with the world burning down around and it's everything is ok me i mean it's a very misleading dog mean in the burning room saying it's all ok i hear i hear the audience talking right now i hear them saying ok boomer ok boomer because we're we can't get this milieu of course your x. or i'm a boomer x. or but because i hang out with you all the time i feel like a boon i feel like an x. or because i hang out with you. well here's another tweet that sums up 2019 and we had predicted that our new year's eve show of going into 2019 china exports to the us down a whopping 23 per cent year on year. looks like pretty. bad so of course one person'

union collapsed and but it same to be picked up by america american ok my very soviet in the last 10 or 15 years with an interest rate policy is that dictated by the pull of bureau i mean it relating price to 0 or negative interest rates or price fixing jamie diamond caught racketeering by manipulating the price of gold and they were they hate the free market they hate price discovery they hate capitalism they you know you have now the leader of the free world in america acting like khrushchev i mean while in russia putin is more like i somehow or he's out there building roads building bridges and building in the economy they learned their lesson russia the. i don't want to go back to the soviet union why did america base that the side that you know what the soviet union was actually the model for us that's what the way we're going or what happened what it why why are they doing this i think it or well predicted it he said that the liberals have become the next fascists and that's why you have the fascist government as the merger of state corporate powers and you mention about jamie

union, now russia. and some of those were former soviet countries. they are very worried about russian expansionism. and they're dealing with the president of the united states, who many have said has been overly friendly to russia. >> and the president himself, when pressed at least at the initial nato summit in 2017, didn't come out and give a full-throated defense of article five. he seemed to hem and huh and then later they cleared it up. but other interviews, he's questioned on whether or not the u.s. would really be defending other countries that are maybe periphery or newer nato members based on the old core. it's not just the u.s., though, that's asking these questions about nato. i mean, you saw that in the macron interview he did about three weeks ago talking about a brain death inside of nato. i think the overall question of nato here will be on the table. it's a question to what extent does the president lend a productive voice to those conversations? ali. >> hans, thank you as always. hans

policy toward the soviet union after world war 2 was basically formulated by george kennan different assigned to the u.s. embassy in moscow. his concert concept of containment was that if the serviette union war walled off and left to its own devices its system had so many defects that it would ultimately collapse and so we began a process that led to a decision on our side to normalize relations with china the united states of america and the people the public of china have agreed to recognize each other and to establish diplomatic relations as of january 1st 1979. the united states recognizes the government of the people's republic of china as a so legal government of china both believe that normalization of sino american relations is not only in the interest of the chinese and american people but also contributes to the cause of peace in asia and in the world i am pleased to announce that vice premier. accepted that invitation. and workers in iraq. happy. i was. happy. i. happy. and early 1979 britain was suffering one of the coldest winters in its history. even worse with a protr

we have to join all these going to use regional in 12 countries have to join us to stop the soviet union the spread of communism blah blah blah. today many kind of argue that nato needs to be there to you know handle modern geopolitical threats like a russia or a china but what also but it's also there to prevent you know tensions rising between the countries in its charter and all of the kind of extra countries that have come along over the years is that a valid argument for nato's messes in a cessna be today i mean should should we be looking at keeping medora to something that really the world should look at and say we don't really need it it's an archaic thing from from a bygone era i think that certain people need it but for again the state purposes that they don't want to state it's a military alliance so it's not a diplomatic alliance it's not intended to further international law or anything of that sort so i don't think that any of those arguments really hold up now it has been used as we said in libya which is now in a war situated it become more of a breeding ground for terror

remake he was the lead russian asked mi six serving around the time the soviet union collapsed and became at the head of the desk at mi six retired 2009 almost the time i left the wall street journal. we were introduced in 2010 by mutual friends and we became friendly and did little bit of business together it is an episodic relationship but we did like working together and have these common interests. so when we finally concluded spring 2016 there was something unexplained with donald trump's russia it was an obvious person to go to. so then we pulled tens of thousands of pages of documents and running out of places to look that there's more to be gleaned by talking to people in russia. >> was it democratically funded when christopher steele came along quex. >> it was. the foundation for the decision to bring him on was work under the republicans but the democratic clients and to be supportive of the plo and anti- margaret thatcher. that should be a clue about his politics. >> that was his university days i don't think that's really his politics today but the truth is i never really ask

union's control of eastern europe. once again, he represented the indispensable role of america's leadership in the world one that shares global prosperity. i'm glad to have him as a partner, so pleased he's here today. ladies and gentlemen, the secretary of state. [applaus