i'll bet many of you in this room read the biography of john adams. yowl rr know mccullau's secret weapon in that book was abigail adams. i was in a conference or meeting where someone said now you've written about john adams. are you going to write about abigail adams? and he said i did. the book is called " -- it's only franklin roosevelt in the title but it's really a dual biography of the two. the curious things about the particular book is the best parts of the book, that reveal a wonderful relationship between john and abigailed a ms occur when they're far apart. it only works because they were apart for a large part of the marriage. when they were together, they simply spoke. and what they said to each other over the dinner table at night, no one knows. so, that's a case where -- and it's true with my book. i just have to pass over those sections where they're not writing to each other. but i can't offer a good explanation as to why some letters survived and others didn't. yes? >> thank you. your description of the story as a way to present the

they called him john adams. and the play 1776 feeds the notion that this moment is the signing moment. and that's why we celebrate july 4th. the truth. is this the painting depicts the moment when the committee the five-man committee that drafted the declaration presents the draft to the the full congress on june 28th. it's really june 28th. not july 4th. adams himself writes to his beloved abigail on july 3rd and says yesterday july 2nd is going to be today that is celebrated in speeches and orations and parades and illuminations even gets the fireworks, right? but he thinks today we're going to celebrate as as independence day is july 2nd. and the reason he thinks that is the july 2nd is the day that the congress voted on the resolution from virginia written by richard henry lee that said these colleagues are and have every right to be independent states. that's the declaration of independence legislatively. and that's the second the day they voted. so why the fourth? the fourth is the day they sent. the docum

i guess the most famous example of this is john adams's diary where he writes about a most sinful feast again at the pals all of the things that could delight the eye and he goes on to describe. a lot of different sweets and syllabums and all kinds of alcohol and it's very decadent affair. i think the best part about that quote though to be honest is when they they drink all of the madeira and the port and then they head to christ church stephen and ideas, like what sort of parties but you haven't. also wrote about like giving a toast to elizabeth here, right? it was very embarrassing evidently, but we don't know what he said, but same very well. yeah, whatever. it was. it's funny because you comments. oh, she never did like me very much. so it's kind of funny, but another really important letter that we know of was from sarah franklin beige the the daughter of benjamin franklin to her father on her father's birthday evidently she danced with the general on 20th wedding anniversary at the house. so would imagine that would have been in the very room that i'm sitting in right? so it you

i'll bet that many of you in this room read david mccullough's biography of john adams and will you know that mccullough's secret weapon in that book was abigail adams. i was in a conference where someone asked dave mccullough, now are you going to right about abigail adams. he said, i already did. that's sort of what i did with eleanor roosevelt and franklin roosevelt, it's really a dual biography of the two. the curious thing about that particular book is that the best parts of the book, the parts in particular that reveal a wonderful relationship, provocative relationship between john and abigail adams occur when they're far apart. it's a wonderful love story, i wonderful story of a marriage, but it only works because they were apart for a very large part of the marriage. when they were together they simply spoke. what they said to each other over the dinner table at night no one knows. so that's a case where -- it's true with my book, i don't make a big deal of it in the book, i just have to pass over those sections where they're not writing to each other. but i can't offer a good ex

and people like john adams' cousin argue, use this text, and many, many others. let's think about their own. they say look at the historical context. peter and paul, what they were really doing was making general statements about respecting authority. submission didn't mean unlimited submission to any king or any authority. the problem with saying that they were endorsing unlimited submission to any king, there are too many biblical text that's show people of god disobeying kings, revolting against kings. anybody remember exodus and pharoah? they were bad kings. and the people of god didn't have to just take it from any bad king. so it couldn't have been about unlimited submission to any king. paul specifically dealing with the romans. he is dealing with christians taking too literally the idea that christ kingdom is not of this world. sometimes christians take that a little too literally. not of this world doesn't mean this world is gone. it means you still have to live in the world but live in different way. so paul is saying, the key to understand this is one

adams when he saw the engraving row back to the publisher there's my friend john j so this starts to develop over the jay robe over time and then the painting is prominent when it appears in the supreme court in 1877 and then it is above the mantle in the justice robing room people come in and ask about the road. what is jay wearing? and is engraving by currier and ives and with the highest judicial officer in new york swearing in george washington. that jay borrowed this road from livingston but that just doesn't hold any water when you realize that the road is still with us so here is the john jay robe is this is in the smithsonian and it looks very much like what we saw in gilbert stuart's portrait. there are some slight differences the sleeve length is different there is an inner sleeve and an outer peace. the red is faded the white trim is there it is very similar to what we saw on the portrait. this was sent to the core in the 18 eighties. somewhere this robe came from is an academic robe and there is a story it is from the university of eden borough that gave jay an honorary d

when john adams moved in in 1800. and the period accounts go on to state visitors from that time described as, i believe the it was a barren, stony, unfenced waste. it was not a great looking place simply because it was a construction site for so many years -- >> well, but the world was used to the european standard of fabulous palaces and manicured gardens. and europe, which had been around for centuries building up its public places, it sounds to me like the early white house is what george washington would have wanted, something simple. an executive mansion, not a palace. >> that's absolutely correct. and the -- that's a good point, especially because george washington situated the front door of the white house exactly where it stands today. he was the only president not to have lived in the white house, but every president -- including george washington -- has walked upon the white house grounds. >> tell me a little bit about what you know, because you are an historian. you're not here as a gardener, you're here t

adams am excited to talk to him about it please join us for the third and final segment of the 2021 michelle smith flex series. to introduce about our speaker tonight, we will learn more as we join the conversation stephen browne and arts professor of can make communication at penn state a rhetorical critic and public memory early america and the most recent book before the book will be talking about tonight was the eyes of war george washington and the new crisis he's written many books but what were mostly excited about as we near the anniversary of the first inaugural address ever given by the first president of the united states were gonna talk with him about the first inauguration gorge washington in the invention of the republic he is an award-winning scholar by penn state as a marvelous teacher but also the association please join me in welcoming stephen howard brown, welcome. >> great to be here for anyone who's interested in washington this is the gold standard i feel very faithful to you and the staff of the library and the ladies, thank you. >> thank you its own behalf th

adams. he was a signer of the declaration of independence, second president of united states and abolitionist. that's build a statue for him, instead of caring them down, we could agree on this, we could learn a thing or 2 from adams and jefferson, they were close friends before becoming sworn enemies at height of their political careers to become good friends again before they both died on the same day. july 4, 1826. on america's 50th birthday. you can't make that stuff up. >> that is american history. and that is what we need to each our kids in schools, not who is privileges and who is opressed in the classroom, i johned brian kilmeade to talk about how we fill or moral vac umin america. >> why are we teaching our kids all of the ways we have fallen short of ideals making forget ideals. >> i think we have to recon fig reconfigure how we do history, we now call social studies, people misconstrue is by learning american history saying you jam propaganda. till -- tell the story for the kids,

regarding franklin's chameleon-like religion, john adams once remarked that, quote, the catholics thought him almost a catholic. the church of england claimed him as one of them. the presbyterians thought him half a presbyterian. and the friends believed him a wet quaker. which basically means a quaker who's not so well behaved. um, the key, i think, to understanding franklin's ambivalent faith is the contrast between the skepticism of his adult life. and the indelible imprint of his childhood puritanism. the intense piety and faith of his parents acted as a tether. restraining franklin's skepticism. as a teenager, it's true, he abandoned his parents' puritan beliefs. but that same, traditional faith kept him from getting too far away. he would stretch his moral and doctrinal tether to the breaking point. by the end of a youthful sojourn he made, when he returned to philadelphia, he resolved to conform more closely to his parents' ethical code. and he steered away from extreme deism. could he craft a christianity centered on virtue, rather than traditional doctrine? and avoid alienating h

john adams actually, when he countered pain, and had a conversation about this, drawing on real testament, and common sense. painted just kind of brush to the side, and said, i got that from milton. so, this is an argument though against how the bible was influential in various ways regardless of whether or not the people quoting it actually believed that the bible was the reveal or of gotten specific way. this is a quote from gordon would, one of the most eminent american -- how religious historians -- but american historians, specifically in the revolutionary era. this says, it was the clergy who made the revolution meaningful for most common people. because for every gentleman who read a scholarly pan flipped, and it -- exploration of events. there were dozens of ordinary people who read the bible, and looked to their ministers for an interpretation of what the revolution meant. so, the bible was part of the language, it was part of the symbolism, it was part of the narrative that everyone used. if anyone on the book, and this is the case for the 19th century as well, in their families

adams and i'm excited to talk with him about it. please join for the third and final segment of the 2021 lecture series. we will introduce a little bit about the speaker tonight and of will learn more as we join in on the conversation. the professor of communication at the arts and sciences at ken state he's a critic in fact the most recent book before the book we will be talking about tonight was the eyes of war, george washington and the crisis. he's written many books but we are mostly excited about this one as we near the anniversary of the first inaugural address ever given by the first president of the united states. we are going to talk with him about the first inauguration george washington and the invention of the republic. he's a noted scholar, award-winning scholar and marvelous teacher also by the communication association. please join mels in welcoming stephen howard brown. >> it is great to be here for anyone interested in washington this is the gold standard so i feel grateful to you and the staff, the library. thank

. - who is john adams? - right. - presidents for $400.

it was john adams. people don't know that. hawrp -- lauren: you were around in 1792. [laughter] stuart: george washington oversaw the construction, didn't live in it. it wasn't until 1800 when it was almost complete that john adams and his wife, what was his wife's number? lauren lauren abigail. stuart: correct. [laughter] they became the first residents. so now, ladies and gentlemen, you knew. ashley, lauren, thanks very much for everything. we'll see you again next week. neil if, my time's up, but it is yours. neil: you knew about adams because you covered it when he, when he moved in the white house. [laughter] come on. stuart: very good, neil. neil: best i could do. all right, stuart, thank you very much. have a wonderful weekend. we are up about 206 points at the corner of wall and broad, stabilizing news on the afghan front though it's not quite all stable and some better than expected retail sales data that is fueling the belief that maybe we overreacted earlier in the week when home depot was getting clubbed and that despite pretty strong numbers. all of them

john adams thought argument was the highest form of conversation and i would like to have us try to re-create that dialogue in the time that remains to us on this zoom session right now so back to you. >> there we go. you have given us a lot to think about. before we get into questions from the panel, from our distinguished listeners, there is one thing we were talking about as we were getting ready and that is the painting that we all see at the capitol. we are coming up on the fourth of july and people go that is the declaration of independence. here is the picture. >> guest: it is called the declaration of independence, painted by john trumbull. it is a classic and i think most tourists come through the rotundadifficult to accept but end the supreme court rules, you go along with the supreme court. >> host: a listener said he has not been previously aware of your work and is looking forward to it and the question is this. there were two failures at the country's founding, not acknowledging ththe rights of e native people and not abolishing slavery. you have been writing fo50 years about th

adams. they are still available and an exciting event, please join us. tonight's exciting program comes live from the reading room in mount vernon, the official -- the new book maya millette. officially released by atlantic monthly press. we have a number of autographed copies coming out as gifts to people who submitted questions, etc. exciting questions lined up and the tonight talk, big questions. let us know what you want to know. this is a great book. couldn't put it down over the last week. they called it a novel like account of the fascinating tour you are about to hear about. it moves very quickly. you learn more about gunpowder than you think you might. an exciting story from this great account. faulconer is a military historian. this is the second book on the revolutionary war period. washington's immortal who changed the course of the revolution. to work on this book, received an award for his book like beyond fowler. exciting worked on the cross generations. he provided historical

richard, noted author and great scholar has a new book called the education of john adams. i'm excited to talk withoi him about it, join useg for our thid and final segment of the 2021 series. introduce a bit about our speaker tonight, we will learn more as we join the conversation. liberal arts professor communication arts and sciences at penn state's, his most recent book before the book we'll talk about tonight was the eyes of war, george washington and the new crisis. he's written many books but were mostly excited about this one as we near the anniversary of the first inaugural address ever given by the firstf president of united states, we're going to talk with him tonight. george washington and the invention of the republic. he is a scholar from award-winning scholar both penn state, marvelous teacher but also the national communication association. join me in welcoming steve howard brown.ep welcome. >> great to be here. for anyone who's interested in washington, this is the gold standard so i felt grateful to you and the staff in the library and off course the ladie

adams, i'm excited to talk to him about it. please join us for our third and final segment of the lecture series. ... ...ut george washington and the new crisis. as written many books we are mostly excited about this one as we near the anniversary of the first inaugural address ever given by the president of united states we're going to talk with him tonight about thein first ad operation george washington. an award-winning scholar, a marvelous t-shirt but also by the national medication association. join me i welcoming stephen howard brown. >> it's great to be here for anyone interested in washington, this is the gold standard so i feel grateful to you and the sacrament thehe library and of course the ladies so thank you. >> on behalf of the association we welcome you here tonight the company finding these talks for years so thankig you for the wok and everything you do at mount vernon and i'm thrilled to have a conversation with you. everyone out there, submit your questions, i want to give you the opportunity for questions a

adams. i am excited to talk with him about it. aplease donors for final third segment of the lecture series. we'll introduce a little bit about her speaker tonight's. of course we will learn more as we join the conversation. steven brown's liberal arts professor of the sciences at penn estate. he is a rhetorical critic particularly interested in helping public memory in fact his most recent book before the book will be talking about tonight was the ides of work, george washington and the new crisis. he's written many books. we are mostly excited about this one as we near the anniversary of the first inaugural address ever given by the president of the united states. were going to talk withur him tonight about the first inauguration of george washington and the invention of thehe republic. he is an award-winning scholar he's national association. please join me in welcoming steven howard brown. steven welcome. >> it is so good to be here. for anyone who is interested in washington this is the

we know john adams went over there and negotiated blah-blah blah. the domestic debt to the rich americans i was just talking about is what drives all the issues we still deal with today. it was substantially larger in numbers and overwhelmingly more important. but the fact some website gets this wrong should not surprise anybody, right? except this website is called treasury direct kids. it's supposed to educate kids about debt and fiscal platters. it's the bureau of fiscal service which is a department of the u.s. treasury, which is the department hamilton founded, and it's describing his approach to debt in terms, what fascinated him, what got him up in the morning which to us might sound boring was a public opportunity and that means domestic debt, the debt to rich americans that was the driver to everything i've been talking about. it's amazing. here's some liberal scholars writing a piece about something unrelated, but they're trying to authoritatively fill you in on the background and they say the most pressing issue is what to do about the na

john adams was not a perfect speciman but he accepted the results and he yield it. there has been leaders before thought about this but no one ever done anything like trump. if you believe in make america great, you have to pay attention in adam, jefferson and lincoln at their greatest. >>. >> does the constitution allow what republicans to do what they were planning to do in some of these states. do you worry of a dual outcome where state legislatures try to steal the results in the future? >>. >> states that can say we the state legislature is going to decide the outcome of the contest but they'll have to do it before the election and it will have to be a huge political prize if they do that. voter on election day are not going to be pleased of being disenfranchise. only one state tried to choose their elector and letting the people vote, that was south carolina between 2028 and 1860. that was south carolina. their legislature was malportioned. no states have ever done that since 1828. states could try to do that but oh boy, if i am a voter in michigan, do i want

adams, tickets are available, it's an exciting event please consider joining us, tonight's program film live from the reading room and mount vernon is the official book launch of patrick o'donnell thel' indispensable with the subtitle the marine to shape the country, form the navy and rode washington across the delaware release by the atlantic monthly press today. we have a number of autographed copies that aret going out to people who submitted questions we have exciting questions lined up, during tonight's talk let us know what you want to know from patrick and we cannot discussion here tonight, this is a great book i cannot put it down, they called it a novel account that you're about to hear about from patrick, and moves very, very quickly you won't hold on to gunpowder than you think you might come it's an exciting story in a like to hear from this great account of the indispensable. to tell you a little bit more he will tell you these things, a military historian and an expert on elite units, it's a second book on the revolutionary war period.ge the first one washington's and mort

the get to my neighbor, john john coleman. adam, i don't know they won't know to touch anything beneath the bridge. under any circumstances. it's very easy to get infected here. most of the drug use as a terminal. yeah. the local standard. we enjoyed a warm welcome. just the day before and i'm going to colleague how do you live smashed, and he took a few punches off the under the bridge, a heroine fixed cost $6.00. that was how much one local user asked for. he called himself sonya in here, they have to get all of those have any job job they had agreed to appear on camera in return for money. he volunteered to show us how he shoots up drugs, but we refuse that. and instead of him and alternative suggestion, we will get it booked. he does look like there are several state sponsored drug rehabilitation hospitals and couple we're planning to visit one to find out if they're able to miss a patient from the street. or if it's a time consuming process that involves tons of paperwork, people to get to us up again. you should, you should see me look up despite having proper accreditation, we we

ah, get to my neighbor, john john coleman. adam, i don't know they won't know to touch anything beneath the bridge under any circumstances. it's very easy to get infected here. most of the drug use as a terminal. yeah. the my local standards, we enjoyed a warm welcome just the day before and i'm going to colleague had his lin smashed and he took a few punches off the under the bridge, a heroine fixed cost $6.00. that was how much one, local user, roswell, he called himself saying it all in here. they have all this good and all of those have any job job. so i had agreed to appear on camera in return some money. he volunteered to show us how he shoots up drugs, but we refuse that and instead offered him an alternative suggestion. if i'm working with you, but we will get it booked at that, he does not joke. there are several state sponsored drug rehabilitation hospitals and couple we're planning to visit one to find out if they are able to admit a patient from the street. or if it's a time consuming process that involves tons of paperwork. if it was the up again, it was more of a broken de

i actually think by the way that there's a lot to be learned by watching john adams and the federalists, who were the first people with the act to try to legally suppress free speech in america. and they were desperately trying to hold off jefferson and the emerging democratic republican party. the result was in four short years, they were annihilated. and by 1812, they literally disappeared as a party. i think the democrats don't realize yet, they are playing with real fire, particularly in their more radical views like, you know, doctors shouldn't list whether you are a boy or a girl when you are born. now, most americans think that's insane. you know, to be white ought to be inferior, not superior. you have a group in california urging white parents not to send their children to really good schools because that will leave spaces for minority children. but the level of things they have adopted that are totally opposite to all americans. i mean, you have a huge number of african americans and you have seen this with some of the olympians when winning have been the opposite of what the

he had a magnificent correspondence with his wife just like abigail was to john adams. but we have only two of her letters for the hundreds that we know she wrote. the family didn't think her letters were worth keeping. there's a big blank in my heart for sarah thatcher, his wife. george thatcher like most of the early political figures in the republican, you can't help but fall in love with them. joe ellis wrote his wonderful book founding brothers instead of founding fathers. they're all fumbling along trying figure out how to move ahead in life together. for us to look back from 200 years later and see what it must have been like when you didn't know how the story was going to end, it's a really -- it's a real treat and an honor, really, to have access to these letters and to be able to make sense of them. sometimes you get so embedded in them that you forget that there is a post-1802. i made very, very few references to anything happens after 1802, 1803. my colleague is famous for saying if you ask him anything about anything after 1803, he's like that's science fic

we know that john adams negotiated law blah blah. but foreign debt is not the critical important part of the day. the domestic debt is what drives all the issues we still deal with today. potentially it is larger in numbers. but the fact that some website gets it wrong should not surprise anybody. except this website is supposed to educate kids about debt and fiscal matters. the bureau of the fiscal service which is a department of the u.s. treasury, which is a department that hamilton founded. it is describing his approach to debt in the wrong terms. what got him up in the morning was maybe to us might sound boring. it was a thrilling opportunity, it was a domestic debt and the debt to rich americans that was the driver of everything he was trying to talk about. it is kind of amazing, here's some political scholars writing about something unrelated but they're trying to fill you in on the background and hamilton and debt. they say the most pressing issue of what to do about the new nations debt. both the congress in the states had a

adams", i'm excited to talk to him about it. thank you for our final of the series. our speaker tonight, we'll learn more as we join the conversation, steven brown is local arts professor at communication arts and societies at penn state. he's a restore cal critic, early america, in fact, most recent book before the book, what we'll talk about tonight, the ides of war and he's written many books, but we're mostly excited about this one as we near the anniversary of the first inaugural address ever given by the first president of the united states. we're going to talk with him tonight about the first inauguration, george washington and the invention of the republic. he's a noted scholar, an award winning scholar both by penn state and the marvelous teacher, but also by the national communications association. please join me in welcoming steven howard brown. steven, welcome. >> hi, kevin. it's so great to be here. you know, for anyone who is interested in washington, this is the gold standard, so, i feel very grateful to you, and

adams". i'm excited to talk with him about it. please join us for our third and final segment of the 2021 michelle smith lecture series. to introduce a little bit about our speaker tonight, of course we'll learn more as we join the conversation. steven brown's a local professor, communication arts and sciences at penn state. he's a rhetorical critic, particularly interested in public memory, early america, his most recent book before the book, was the eyes of war, george washington and the crisis. he's written many books but we're mostly excited about this one as we near the anniversary of the first inaugural address ever given by the first president of the united states. we're going to talk with him tonight about the first inauguration, george washington and the invention of the republic. he's a noted scholar, an award-winning scholar, both by penn state as a marvelous teacher but also by the national communication association. please join me in welcoming steven howard brown. steven, welcome

adams. but we have only two of her letters for the hundreds, several hundreds that we know that she wrote. because the family did not think that her letters were worth keeping. so, there's a big blank in my heart for how that was established, miss thatcher. now thatcher, like most members of the first congress nighter say most of the early political figures in the republic, you cannot help but fall in love with them. you know, joe ellis wrote this wonderful book founding brothers instead of founding fathers, the idea of brothers being, they are all equals, fumbling along trying to find how to move ahead in live together, trying to figure this out in realtime. but for us to be able to look back from 200 years later, and see what it must of been like where you did not know how the story was going to end. it is a real trees. and it is an honor, really, to have access to these letters. and to be able to make sense of them. sometimes, you get so embedded in them that you forget that there is a po

i remember reading john adams, and going on. and when i got to hamilton he was different. again i was 14 years old. he was different because he had a dramatic beginning and a dramatic and. as opposed to some of the other biographies i've been reading. and as a kid will peeled me is that he was this young guy who want to achieve great things. and i think i can identify with that somehow. i want to do great things. and all the enough there was not a lot written about him and that intrigue me to. so i read a biography about him and i won't name it because i didn't like it. and i didn't believe it. and i don't know what's in my 14 year old brain maybe draw that conclusion but i didn't. and i asked a librarian what the person the person who had written the book what they had read that gave that person the right to say what they were saying in the book. the librarian showed me the hamilton papers. and this was everything that was written over his entire life. 27 volumes. and i started reading those, to me that was the most exciting thing at all of all. primary sources were respo

i remember reading john adams and then going. and when i got to hamilton, he was different. and again, i was like 14 years old. he had a dramatic beginning and a dramatic end. and as a kid what appealed to me, they was young guy who wanted to do great things and i could identify with that. and there was not a lot written about him and that intrigued me, too. i read a biography of him which i won't name because i didn't like it. and i didn't believe it. and i don't know what in my 14-year-old brain drew me to draw that conclusion. i asked a librarian what the personal who had written the book had read that gave that person the right to say what they were saying in the book. and the librarian showed me the hamilton papers and the 27 volumes of the hamilton papers, everything he wrote or received. 27 volumes. and i started reading those. to me that was the most exciting thing. primary sources, my response was, this is the real history! this is the real stuff. i get to read and it figure it out. i think i liked it because he was different. i was fascinated. i would read all 27 v

some of them people have heard of like, you know, john quincy adams and abraham lincoln who were anti mexican american war. but using deb stands out because he was for time candidate for president under the socialist party, gets about a 1000000 votes in 1912 and almost the same in 1920. he runs from federal prison and 1920 and his campaign button. se for president convict, you know, 9372 or whatever. i mean, it was kind of incredible. why though, is that the socialist moment until bernie sanders obviously because bernie sanders, one of his early projects, was a documentary about eugene debs. which i think is instruct him, but why? well, the united states has this hearty frontier culture. this idea you can always flee west and remake yourself even though that's a bootstrap apology. we have the ethnic and racial devise. the, the hyper capitalist class was always able to divide the working class against itself the racially, or ethnically or regionally. and then there was a sustained effort by the government to suppress socialism here. so i think there's a lot of reasons why we didn't dev

it wasn't until 1800 when it was almost complete that john adams and his wife, what was his wife's number? lauren lauren abigail. stuart: correct. [laughter] they became the first residents. so now, ladies and gentlemen, you knew. ashley, lauren, thanks very much for everything. we'll see you again next week. neil if, my time's up, but it is yours. neil: you knew about adams because you covered it when he, when he moved in the white house. [laughter] come on. stuart: very good, neil. neil: best i could do. all right, stuart, thank you very much. have a wonderful weekend. we are up about 206 points at the corner of wall and broad, stabilizing news on the afghan front though it's not quite all stable and some better than expected retail sales data that is fueling the belief that maybe we overreacted earlier in the week when home depot was getting clubbed and that despite pretty strong numbers. all of them cocoalescing around this right now. but we're still in danger, whatever the strength today, of having a losing week on the dow. we're keeping a close eye on oil as well, that is drifting a

. >> deputy secretary sherman, back in 1790 seven, john adams was in a situation of observing that the french were seizing u.s. commercial ships, so he requested authorization to respond and congress did not respond. in may of 1798 congress did give him authorization and then he deployed u.s. ships to protect our commercial navy ships. in 18 oh one, thomas jefferson was president and the ruler of tripoli was seizing u.s. commercial ships in the mediterranean. thompson asked -- thomas jefferson asked congress for authorization to respond. a few weeks later, congress did, in 1802. he made the request in december of 18 or one in february 18 02 congress gave authorization. in 1815, president madison had the situation where the regency of algeria was seizing u.s. ships in the mediterranean. so he sent a message to congress and ask for a declaration of war . in march, the following month, congress rejected the request but passed legislation authorizing responding. why did these three presidents not simply assert article two powers and proceed to deploy u.s. ships, naval ships to protect our