lincoln, mrs. abraham lincoln, or mrs. president lincoln. mary todd is a 20th-century invention. this is the letter that shows some of her difficulties in the sense that her reputation suffered. she is writing to the assistant secretary of the treasury. asking if he can find a job for her dress maker, elizabeth keckley because she does no longer need the services and wants to get elizabeth onto the jobs list at the treasury. "i promise i will never ask you for another favor." of course, she did. over and over. personally, it was the death of willie. this was a piece of sheet music that we just acquired, only two copies report it anywhere. we suppose there are a few out there. it is hard to imagine how many people would have wanted to buy this outside of the lincoln's immediate circle of friends. a substantial publisher in new york, william hall, printed it. he was the first child to die in the white house and not one of only two presidential children to die in the white house. >> from springfield, illinois. going back to her need for money, abraham lincoln was a very successful l

[laughter] professor varon: so you talked a little bit there about lincoln and grant and lincoln's instructions to grant. let's get to april. early april, the siege line runs from richmond to petersburg, lee and his troops had west, and the troops catch up to him at appomattox courthouse. what happened at appomattox, and as appomattox effectively end the civil war? it is commonplace to observe that appomattox effectively ended the civil war. it does it intoend the civil war, and if so why? to lincoln and lee's minds does it represent the end? ms. leonard: i would say no. actually, depending on how you caf au lait the war and income i think it is clearly an important point, clearly an important surrender, but there's a lot to be resolved, and even after all of the confederate army has surrendered, there is a lot of resolution that needs to be accomplished. it takes a very long time for that to happen. professor varon: let's talk about grant's term. it's even filling lincoln's wishes as he offers those magnanimous terms to the confederate? mr. holzer: i think so. we have the record that grant lef

lincoln. where did mary todd come from? guest: it was modern. she did not use it as i understand. guest: lincoln famously said mocking the pretensions of his wife's family, gone are the time when the todd's needed one d. a thousand times she heard that joke. he's 6 foot 4, she's 5 foot 2 if that. he had a habit of introducing themselves as the long and the short of that, another joke she endured more than enjoyed. host: these programs work because they are interactive and we will get to phone calls. you can also go to the facebook page or tweet using #firstladies. let's take a brief look at what the country looked like. 31 million people in 33 states but 11 were going to break off to form the confederate states of america. 36.6% growth since 1850, continuing to grow at an enormous pace. 3.9 million slaves, 12.7% of the population. the largest cities were new york, philadelphia, and brooklyn, and baltimore. they arrive at the white house. set the scene for the election and how tumultuous politi

lincoln, the image of lincoln has traveled very very widely. so what i want to do this morning is answer the basic question of why those statues are there. and in order to answer that question, i'm going to tell you about the specifics of each of the three statues and what i also need to do is tell you about the wider context about why lincoln has mattered to the rest of the world and why the civil war has mattered to the rest of the world as well, because i think to understand why those statues are there, we need to understand why people around the world have been interested in lincoln why they , were interested in the civil war as it was occurring and why they continue to be interested in the civil war ever since then. the first thing to note is that the civil war mattered greatly to people around the world as it was happening. trade, migration, political ideology human interests, the , global history of slavery and emancipation, these were all reasons why people sought an -- felt an investment in american events. and because they felt an int

lincoln's death took from us the only leader who appreciated what lincoln had done, and he was not going to give that up. he had made forward progress, momentum. he was looking to the future. not everybody was doing that. it was easy to see the distant past when everything by comparison seemed so peaceful. let's go back to that happy place. that was the easy way out, and that was what so many politicians wanted to do in the postwar years. lincoln's legacy was in or miss, but in many years, it lay dormant for a full century almost exactly. while the cult of lincoln grew, it was based mostly on his personality. just like today, all of these commemorations tend to be more about the show. something that is not really as deep as it ought to be, but if we want to appreciate the legacy of abraham lincoln what we really need to do is go back and compare him and his skills and his accomplishments with those of all the people who followed. thank you. [applause] announcer: here are some of our featured programs this weekend on the c-span networks. on c-span tonight at 8:00 eastern, we will look at

son captain robert lincoln. the two discussed prisoners, and grant agreed to provide rations. around 3:00 p.m., lee and grant hearted ways. they shouook hands. when lee mounted, he lifted his hat in sloot. granted the same. later, colonel marshall describes the surrender saying, there was no theatrical display about it. it was the simplest. another testimonial came from x confederate general. he said, grant's manner requires the greatest cr praise. and for all time, it will be a good thing. grant left and wrote to headquarters. news of the surrender spread quickly to the union can't. soon thousands -- a gun salute but grant stopped it immediately. he also remarked that he felt like anything, rather than to be rejoicing. almost as an afterthought, grant sent a telegram to stanton informing him that lee surrendered, on terms imposed by myself. i can, no sustained celebration. no victory dance was allowed. i will say something i said earlier, winning the peace was just as vital as winning the war , although several

for me it always comes back to lincoln. something as you know once you start to study him he becomes more mysterious in some ways rather than less. i've given it a lot of thought of what is it that has this whole hold over the imagination. i wonder if you had been asked that before and any responses and then i will say what i think miami is. >> unquestionably one of the most important aspects of the image of lincoln and his status is the martyrdom. in the moment of victory and triumph he's cut down by an assassin and is elevated into the status of martyr. he would have been the most soviet president even without the assassination but clearly that creates another dimension that helps to explain the internal and fascination with this remarkable man. >> i think the other side of it for me is captured best by w. e. b. du boise the great civil rights leader, historian, first african-american from harvard. in the 1920s at the time of the dedication he wrote a series that you give thoughts to and he said something that is really s

lincoln desired lincoln desired a hard war and soft piece. general grant was to deliver the former while the president, the latter. as late 1864 passed on to 1860 five, union victory seemed increasingly imminent, despite a confederate leadership's refusal to give up. under grant pasta retching, the work of crushing southern morale destroying the country's capability to sustain itself and defeating various armies was rapidly bringing the rebellion to its knees. by late february 1865, grant remarked on the many signs of "dissolution" that were appearing in the confederate army. this included a wave of dissolution -- the wave of dissolution included a wave of desertion. in the middle of grant's concern came in letter from general lee asking if grant would consider a satisfactory adjustment of the present unhappy difficulties by means of a military convention. what lee was proposing in early march 1865 was exactly what lincoln feared. it went beyond a possible military surrender, and grant immediately since -- sent lee's message to edwin danton a

another book about lincoln? and by the way, all you would-be writers, the key is to start collecting memorabilia from the cradle. is that it? so what was it? malcolm: for myself it was actually -- in the mexican press there's a lot about written about him. the key was filtering through and finding what was real and what was not. this is a man -- like many fugitives a lot of mythology surrounding him. what i found through talking through law enforcement, mexican military, official sources and then low level traffickers people on the ground, i could actually -- i had a moment where i realized i know more about this guy than the authorities do. and then, you know, we started talking and they'd ask me whether i could share any information. they shared it back and it was a sort of -- i was almost on their -- you know, on their team but as a journalist, of course detached. skip: malcolm was described as risking life and limb to get these stories? malcolm: to a point. i like my life. there are a lot of mexican journali

it to lincoln but was very instrumental in bringing about the original city of lincoln. the three commission members were having to make a statement because they had to rationalize their moving the capital of nebraska from omaha, a city of several thousand people, to a village of 13 to 30. so in what had to be a harebrained scheme, they had to go against the legislature in buying lots in lincoln and building houses of substance so they could show their confidence in this scheme. this house we are standing in has some interesting architectural features. the door seals and window seals were made of an experimental material called for your stone -- freer stone. the contractor was afraid it was not going to work, being experimental in nature, so they caps on with metal. today, a house that did not contain for your stone -- freer stone would be the exception. now it is known as concrete walk. when a visitor comes today, they will see the house much as it would have been seen from the exterior by mr. kinard, but as soon as you come inside, you will find the furniture although

, lincoln chafee changes it up. exiled into political obscurity, running for president. >> i do not know why i am under the radar. >> classic lincoln. every other republican senator votes for the iraqi war, he votes against it. then loses reelection to a democrat. makes peace with his party endorses obama. leaves his party, runs for governor. loses popularity, becomes a democrat. >> i never changed my core convictions. >> still the same old linc. this is a guide that turned a classic's degree from brown into a career as a racetrack blacksmith. he returned home to follow in his father's footsteps. now he is running for the nations top job, inspiring confidence in his old constituents and taking the tough questions. >> are you on drugs? chafee was not a good governor how is he going to be a good president? >> with lincoln, it is his party and he will run if he wants to. >> i ask for your vote. mark: another great job by our colleague. john: go online and google stephen colbert shaves his beard. then go back and watch

this is what i converse with lincoln. lincoln, the modest, who could always check his own ego on behalf of the cause. the thesis that jefferson davis lost the war because after he deployed his force is in a unique formation in the mexican work on the that he knew everything there was to know about war and would not listen to anybody. therefore, the confederacy died because of jefferson davis. a lot of this revolves around abraham lincoln. robert e lee -- god chose beside that one -- chosen the side that won. historians argued it was events of contingency. he argued there are moments of contingency in the civil war where the south could have one but the north managed to pull it out and prevent seven victory. one is stereo and argue the south lost because of robert e. lee. he was much more aggressive when the south should have been more defensive. another argument -- james long straight killed -- longstreet killed the confederacy with his conduct at gettysburg. of course, much of the controversy around that revolves around

mary lincoln? guest: not to my knowledge. once again, she stayed at home quite a bit. not that she traveled to washington. oftentimes other wives did travel to washington and spent times with their husbands. eliza didn't. she did not have a relationship at all. is that your understanding? guest: it is. eliza did come to washington for a couple of months. but health forced her back home. ms. swain: you were describing this private floor in the white house even though the public didn't see her, there was lots of family going on. a centerpiece room was what is called the yellow oval room which is turned into a library. do we have a photograph of what it looks like today? how did they use this and what was their personal life like? guest: they were an extremely close-knit family. martha was always watching out for their mother and the grandchildren adored their grandparents and they were very close. and they would always come back in and visit their grandmother. the president spent his mornings visitin

up next, a look at our recent visit to lincoln nebraska. all weekend, every weekend on c-span-3. >> i can conceive of a national destty which seeks responsibilities of the days and measures up to the possibilities of tomorrow. behold a republic resting securing from the mountain of the eternal too many. pertaining to the world the self-evident proposition that all men are created equal that they are endowed with inalianable rights, that governments are instituted among men to secure these rights and that gots derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. >> williams jennings brian is one of nebraska's most famous and prominent politicians. and he's probably most famous for the fact that he was nominated three times by a major party, the democratic party, but he lost in election all three times. >> they moved to lincoln in 1887. brian was a lawyer in central illinois. had a law practice in central illinois and he went in to kansas to collect some debts in connection with his law practice. he said i'm going to stop in lincoln to

so lincoln adamantly attacks polk. most scholars who have looked at the spot resolutions say that the attacks were ignored. i found by looking at newspapers that this was not the case and in fact the spot resolution was widely reprinted across the united states. this is lincoln's first taste of national acclaim and attention. little did lincoln know what the president was confounded and here was why. in 1847 polk dispatched a diplomat to negotiate a treaty but once scott occupies mexico city polk began thinking we should take more than the treaty stipulated. he wanted to see bob, california in the united states. he had expensive designs that were more than what he told nicholas to go see i -- to negotiate for. trist refused to come home. trist, along with scott, decided that making a peace treaty with mexico was the most important thing. the said he wanted to make a treaty that was not exacting to mexico. he wanted to save the mexicoan people from a dismemberment. he wrote the president and said i am not going to come

a recent visit to lincoln nebraska. you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. >> i can conceive of a destiny were the responsibility of the days are measured not others. these of tomorrow. a golden republic, resting securely upon the mountains of internal hope. a republic that has a self-evident proposition that all men are created equal, that they are endowed with inalienable rights, that governments are instituted by men secure these rights, and that government derives just powers from the consent of the government. >> mr. hester: william jennings bryan is probably most famous for the fact that he was nominated by a major party three times, the democratic party, but he lost the election all three times. he moved to lincoln in 1880 7. he was a lawyer in central illinois. he had a law practice in central and illinois and he went into kansas to collect some debts. he stopped in lincoln to visit an old friend from a law school in chicago. and he saw where lincoln and the state of nebrask

he said i'm going to stop in lincoln from the law school in chicago. and he saw where lincoln and the state of nebraska were just booming, some of the fastest growing areas in the country at the time. he saw weak democratic parties. he saw some opportunities there. but he started construction of this house in 1901 because he had went out into the country on a buggy and they fell in love with the hill that the house was built on. so they bought 10 acres. the bryans moved in 1902 and then construction was finished in 1903. 11,000 square feet. mrs. bryan, it was estimated that she spent as much as $17,000. the main level of the home was used for political events, entertaining etc. they would host a number of even world leaders would come here but all kinds of political leaders. i guess the most prominent woodrow wilson trying to get support for the nomination of the 1912 commission which he did give bryan support. but there were a lot of people international and national leaders that would come, stop by and see bryan at this home. right now we're in the l

learn more about lincoln all weekend. >> before lincoln became the capital of the state of nebraska in 1867 it was a village if you can even call it a village of lancaster. about the time of statehood the population would have been somewhere between 13 30. very, very small. there were no businesses to speak of, the houses were crude, so when it was built, nothing to attract the capital. the capital came here was for an entirely different reasons there was no water -- navigable water, no trees, no minerals with the exception of salt. they thought the salt flats, which were to the north west of lincoln, would make a good industry which would support the capital. but the primary interest was not moving it to lancaster, the primary interest was to move it out of omaha. for several reasons, the people in bellevue and other cities in missouri were unhappy that they had not gotten the capital. when territory hood began. one of the other features they were looking for was someplace closer to the center population. the capital commission, the requirements for the capital commission were drawn b

learn more about lincoln all weekend here on american history tv. >> while in lincoln we spoke with republican governor pete ricketts inside his office at the nebraska state capital. >> is there an error or if event in nebraska state history that interests or resonates with you? -- is there an era or event? governor ricketts: a lot of people don't know there was a big european battle here. the spanish were claiming the high plains, and they were at war with the french. that often happened. as it turned out, french trappers came in and infringed upon their territory, so they sent an expedition from santa fe, new mexico, to come investigate and basically kicked the french trappers out of their territory. there was about 40 soldiers and some settlers. they also brought up some pueblo and apache native americans as scouts and so forth. they actually had a spanish slave who was a poni indian who was one of the scouts as well. he disappeared and then reappeared with a tribe of connie saying he was being held prisoner. this is up around columbus, nebraska. ironic it was around columbus one of the dis

president lincoln knew that. in fact, the story is, people were not willing to let the truth get in the way of a nasty rumor, so he was not an alcoholic, although his sons were. susan swain: leroy in monticello, kentucky, hi. you're on. leroy: appreciate your conversation here, it's mighty good. did andrew johnson and his wife, were they both -- did either one become born again christians before they died and left this world? susan swain: ok. thanks. we talked about the religion earlier, but would you -- kendra hinkle: right. right. well, when johnson thought he was dying of cholera, he did write a letter sort of making his peace, and eliza was a church-goer there in greeneville. susan swain: and next up is janet, asking us a question from tuscon. hi, janet. janet: hi. yes. mary lincoln had such a tragic time with her children, and i was wondering if you could talk a little bit about the johnsons' children, and if there are any descendents now. thank you. susan swain: thank you. jacqueline berger: that's a good q

lincoln. she was very jealous of lincoln, of women and lincoln. i think there's absolutely no reason for that, but she was. and she would be very ugly to people that said -- and general (lord) made a remark once that it was -- it was a feisty horse. and he said, you need a feisty horse like that to keep up with your husband, or words to that effect. william seale: mrs. lincoln said, and what do you mean by that, sir? susan swain: we are going to see videos of a few of the grant preserved sites. you work at one of them. susan swain: how many are there altogether? pamela sanfilippo: there are several homes that are owned and operated by the national park service or the various states that they're located in. then grant's tomb, and, of course, each of the battlefields have connecting sites. and then there are some that are no longer there. susan swain: the first one is in galena, illinois. susan swain: now, this to a modern ear sounds fairly shocking, but because of his great achievement in the war when he came home, people built and gave to him a fu

the canard house is the oldest structure in lincoln. the house belonged to the first secretary of state of nebraska and was one of the first three men who picked lincoln as the site for nebraska's capital. c-span visited many sites exploring lincoln's history. learn more about lincoln all weekend on american history tv. announcer: we spoke with pete ricketts inside his office at the nebraska state capitol. >> is there an era or event in nebraska history that resonates with you? governor ricketts: one of the fun things that i think a lot of people don't know there was a big european battle here. the spanish were claiming the high plains, and they were at war with the french. that often happened. they were concerned about french trappers coming in and infringing upon their territory, so they sent an expedition from santa fe, new mexico, to come investigate and basically kicked the french trappers out of their territory. there was about 40 soldiers and some settlers. they also brought up some pueblo and apache native americans as scouts an

the further you go into the war lincoln is already -- lincoln has already tried several times to say, let's work out a gradual emancipation system and compensate you for the ownership of slavery. time after time, they fall act on their border state identity and the border state need to keep slaves. their economy is built around that. not to plug for -- hi, amy. i have a grad student writing a great dissertation. she has a chapter on george, an important figure, a painter, who becomes involved in the military service for a short time. can you be a loyal citizen without putting on a uniform? he did put on a uniform, so that does not work. he went on to be state treasurer. loyal, can it be an enthusiastic republican during the war? it came to blows almost with thomas ewing. the idea that there are moments that the military, for what it believes and advertises as military necessity, takes on an excess of power, exercises the excess of power, that turned being him against the war effort in missouri. today, we think of him as a pro-southerner person, which he never was. matt: a simple addit

is. >> let me just say one thing that'll connect baseball to lincoln. [laughter] yes, i can do that. in the election of 1860, there's a wonderful political cartoon that shows lincoln holding a bat and the other three candidates holding balls, and it's using baseball as a metaphor for which candidate should be elected. and lincoln is talking about striking the ball fair and hitting a home run. so -- [laughter] there are long connections here to baseball and lincoln. as for the election, you know, lincoln wrote a blind memorandum beforehand saying in the event that he lost, he felt it would be his duty before the inauguration of the next president to resolve the conflict in some way. so i don't know, jim if you have thoughts about what would happened had mccellen been elected. >> well, it's not only a question of lincoln's still president for four months, but the election would have been interpreted as a repudiation of lincoln's policy of restoring the union by military victory. and it probably would have forced even lincoln during those four months into

lincoln "mrs. lincoln looked upon the white house very much as a symbol of this nation and took seriously her responsibilities not only as a hostess but as a woman responsible for the appearance of the house. this is a time when the country is coming apart at the seams so the symbolic value of america's house perhaps is even greater just like the president's order of the half finished house in the capital has to be completed. she took the same view of the white house. she got a lot of criticism for what she was doing. mr. seale: it was the first time a first lady since dolly madison had been repeatedly criticized in the press. they were ugly remarks about her close. she was a middle-aged woman who had lost one child and she was going to lose another one in the white house stuck she also had a hard act to follow. she followed james buchanan's niece, beautiful and personable. she was a personal friend of queen victoria. harriet lane was just the bees knees and the end of everything in this country. m

if they are handed a ticket to lincoln, nebraska that is where they come. so people land where they are sent. not only do they get no help from the federal government. but they actually have to pay the money for the plane ticket back. as soon as they get a job and make money the wages are gar garnished. if you think about a family speaking no english coming from sudan with four children that is $8,000 in debt before getting off the plane they have to deal with. so the people who had help them are local community service agencies or church groups. the catholic social services has been very important here. lutheran family services have been important here. one of the arguments i make is that every refugee that comes here needs a cultural broker and that is a person that can help them deal with our complicated technology culture. i did this work in 1999-2000 and lincoln nebraska had 54 languages in our public schools. we had people coming from all over the world. my background is in psychology but i got really interested in working with this population because

all weekend, american history tv is focusing on lincoln. we recently traveled to lincoln to explore the city's rich history. learn more about lincoln all weekend here on american history tv. >> the state museum is located on the university of nebraska will stop it is one of the oldest natural history museums west of the mississippi. the gallery that we are currently in is the first people of the great plains, traditions shaped by land and sky. we are all familiar with the number of these tribes, whether it is the cheyenne, arapahoe bonnie, the suit, the various subgroups. there are probably 20, 30 plus tribes that occupied the great plains. in nebraska, they had a great presence in nebraska. and other groups moved through the planes or occupied portions of the planes out west, say, the cheyenne for example. the groups moving down say from the dakotas. we also had along the missouri river the missourian, the winnebago, the omaha, and the ponca. i would venture to guess we had 300,000, 400,000 objects. many of the great plains items were as i

you go ahead. >> you found wonderful things about mary todd lincoln. did you have an unexpected favorite source? >> no. i didn't spend much time delving into mary todd lincoln because she has been written about a good deal. obviously i had to deal with her. she was the first lady. the parts that i found interesting were what eresting were what other people were, contemporaries wrote about her because it was first person and they saw it. they all had views and elizabeth ceckley's book is i opening about the white house and what was going on in the white house but also her niece. towards the end of the board, mary lincoln's half-sister came and stayed in the white house for all week. her husband was in the confederate army and he had been killed. mary lincoln's brothers and half brothers and brothers in law were in the confederate army. which made her a suspect to of the north in a way davis is suspect in the south and so this half sister came and stayed and that woman's daughter later wrmary le a book defending her and mary and it was clear how crazy ma

as you can see from the existing bus stops there are several located along lincoln way. at three of these locations, specifically at 25th avenue, at 30th avenue and 34th avenues, they are also access points in [inaudible] park, but as you can see, from the mta's report back in 2012, i mean, in fall of 2010, their apc data as it was collected shows that the ridership both going on and off the bus at these various locations as being equal. it's very well spread out, so what that says to us is that the ridership doesn't use the 29 to access the park necessarily however what the ridership does do is they access the bus at alternate locations to reach the community which is why it's important for us to have evenly spaced bus stops. >> thank you, next speaker please. >> ( calling speaker names ). >> is ian peng here? >> he's coming. >> good afternoon mr. peng. >> good morning. my name is ian openings i'm 11 years old and run the 29 sunset every day with my grandmother who takes me at school and to math classes near slope we ride the 29 sunset all the time, if you move the bus

harold holzer on his book on abraham lincoln. congressional historians don ritchie and ray smock talking about the history of the house and the senate. you can find those programs online. works like many of us, first families take vacation time. a good read can be a perfect companion. what better book than one that peers inside the personal lives of every first lady in american history. "first ladies"." fascinating stories of women who survived the scrutiny of the white house. a great summertime read. available in hardcover or e-book. >> here is a look at what is coming up today across the c-span network. on c-span, washington journal is next live with your calls and the latest news stories. on c-span two live at noon eastern, glaad ceo sara kate ellis about the state of lgbt writes. on c-span3 at noon, senator chris murphy talks about policy in the wilson center of washington dc. >> as congress continues work on trade legislation, howard rosen talks about pa ft aa, a program that revived eight to workers who have lost their jobs

des moines lincoln, where i live. these cities are no doubt picked in part because they have good social services and available employment. that is probably one reason places like that i picked. on the other hand the federal government does nothing to help refugees. meet the man airport usually in san francisco or jfk new york and hand them a ticket. people have no control. i don't even no necessarily until they open up the envelope. usually families are together, although not always. often friends people from a small village have escaped together and then friends is the beginning of their lives are separated across the country. if they are handed a ticket to buffalo, new york together buffalo. the handed a ticket to lincoln, nebraska, that's where they come. people land where they are sent. and not only did they get no help from the federal government they have to pay their plane ticket back to the money for the plane ticket back. as soon as they get some money their wages are garnished. and if you think about this a

harold holzer on his book on abraham lincoln. congressional historians don ritchie and ray smock talking about the history of the house and the senate. you can find those programs online. >> c-span gives you the best access to congress, congressional hearings and news conferences and every morning washington journal's life with elected officials, policymakers and journalists. c-span, created by america's cable companies and brought to you as a public service. coming up next on c-span "prime minister's questions." then some of c-span's wrote to the white house coverage beginning with an interview with presidential candidate ted cruz, followed by carly fiorina speaking at this weekends faith and freedom summit in washington, d.c. at 11:00, another chance to see "q&a." on wednesday, british prime minister david cameron traveled to italy for meetings. chancellor of the exchequer and first secretary of state george osborne stood in for the prime minister during this week's question time. he took questions on british foreign policy, jo

county. >> lincoln county is huge. it's the size of south carolina. it's a mace that's attractable for what we call cattle barons. billy finds himself in the midst of one of the most famous feuds in the history of the american west. the county is under the thumb of james dolan and lawrence murphy. they hold the largest beef contracts and run the leading general store. >> dolan and murphy are the kinds of men who went west when it was still raw, who staked their claim. these men had a vested interest in maintaining their control, control of everything. >> they deeply resent englishman, an upstart cattle baron and the first to cut into their action. >> john huntsville is an english businessman who comes from wealth. he can drive the cattle cartel out of the business. but he's naive thinking he can beat them at their own dirty game. dolan and their hired gun have no thought of of their cattle business. and they will do whatever they can to hold on to it. >> determine to crush their competitor, dolan and murphy disbatch th

and she certainly has that in lincoln chafee and bernie sanders. >> she does. look, she's got to worry more about bernie sanders frankly, he not only has nothing to lose, he has a constituency. he has a lot of, there are a lot of people, you know, who listen to bernie sanders, who really belief that he represents -- believe that he represents their views and it's not, you know, it's not necessarily a, any sort of mortal threat to her candidacy or her getting the nomination, but she's going to have to listen and respond to bernie in a way that frankly, i don't think she's necessarily go to have to respond to lincoln chafee. >> organization counts a lot, particularly in caucus states, and while bernie's never run nationally. we all call him bernie, not a sign of disrespect. if he follows his path in vermont, he went from being a radical, unemployed guy to learning how to do local politics step by step by step. he has a real consulting firm behind him, and i don't know if lincoln chafee yet has that organizational fire power that will threaten votes in key states.

lincoln logs. picture of largest lincoln log ever built in lincoln, nebraska replica of lincoln state capital. 10,000 logs 12 feet four inches tall. they are the idea of john lloyd wright, the son of architect frank lloyd wright. one more who is a lincoln in the room here that would be my brother, older brother lincoln. there's a picture of us a couple of months ago. that's lincoln on the right and me on the left. but look at our bow ties. look at that. wasn't that classy. that's just a couple of months ago. anyway that wraps up the rundown on msnbc. here's "news nation" with tamron hall. i'll see you tomorrow. ♪ roundup ♪ ♪ roundup has a sharp-shootin' wand ♪ ♪ just point and shoot, and weeds are gone ♪ ♪ 'round fences, trees, even mulched beds ♪ ♪ 'cause the only good weed is a weed that's dead ♪ ♪ roundup ♪ [ male announcer ] with a one-touch wand. [ whip cracks ] your pet... could you love him any more? probably not. but now you can give them even more when you save with

>> welcome to lincoln on booktv. named for the country's 16th president it became the capital of nebraska in 1867. with a population of about 216,000, it is the second most populated city in the state and home to university of nebraska. with the help of our time warner cable partners, for the next hour we will explore the history of agriculture of this capital city. city. >> willa cather is when the most important american writers of the 20th century. she was given almost every literary award possible in our lifetime before she died. she left behind at least 3000 letters we know about now and those letters are all over the world in repositories but we are fortunate the biggest collections are in nebraska. >> we are inherited from of nebraska authors come into lincoln city library in lincoln, nebraska. the purpose is to collect and celebrate and promote the work that nebraska offers. we began the collection in 1949 with a library and she originally held just one bookcase where she would put books that would come in by

finally out of lincoln tunnel. hope all people recover. this just shows you how quickly people able to respond. bill: a picture of being stuck at the border. >> yes. one bus behind. she said it was filled with smoke. hard to see. so i was able to tweet with everyone inside the tunnel. coming outside on the new york side. the transit bus coming out. bill: you talk to somebody. >> i did. i spoke to a couple cars behind where the accident happened. >> people running through the tunnel. an hour and ten minutes, howard 15 minutes and. there was a woman in labor. it was pretty wild. bill: thanks. you were on the jersey side. >> there has been a whole lot of delays on this end delays en route three and also the turnpike. for historical for historical context 42 million cars that go through the lincoln tunnel every single year. for some reason where this accident happened this morning it seems to be the location for terrible, crazy accidents. just a year ago there was a red bmw that fed into the lincoln tunnel, hit a mercedes-benz which had a mini

lincoln: exactly. judith: on the victory line, they put out orders and bulletins and advertisements to get the women to come in, not just in the military, but in civilian jobs as well. it was not just defense plans because remember, the factories, everything -- the men were gone, so the women had to take over. this is the iconic rosie the riveter -- norman rockwell's on the right and the other one that we all know. she wasn't real -- you all know that. she was a composite. i'm sure you all know that. besides riveting, she did all the other factory jobs and clerical jobs, but what happens in the end -- the next day after the war is over, they were sent home. they were told to go. i am from east meadow, which is right next to levittown. i grew up in the same type of house. but that is true. they did go home. the interesting thing is though, that many of the women liked working. they like having the wage, and some of them did remain in jobs. the military, by the way, said open we don't need you anymore at

lincoln makes that point in every single debate. his basic argument is, if the slave power, as they called, were as unreasonable as brooks then perhaps compromise would be difficult. it would be very, very tough to compromise on this issue. this is at a point in time when abraham lincoln was not an avowed abolitionist. he was opposed to the expansion of slavery, but at this point in 1858, he is not actively involved in the abolition of slavery. very important to note that. but the brooks beating of sumner is part and parcel of his thinking and moving forward. brian: as you reference in your book, david herbert donald wrote a book about charles sumner, but is the first time a book written about preston brooks. a biography. mr. puleo: i think david donald's biography of sumner is still the standard. the first volume in 1960, the second in 1970. it is brilliant. brooks, for the most part, has been portrayed as a cliche. the assassin, the bully brooks the ruffian and nobody has done much on brooks the man as i tried to do in this book.

jefferson did that, jackson, lincoln, fdr, reagan. so, presidential political action is eventually constitutional change. that means the one to have been effective at the one have been effective at the other. and those who have not been effective as presidents have typically had low impact on constitutional law. some from time to time. but not as much. peter: so, is there a difference between long politics? so, the line is not as distinct as you have with judicial institutions, but are there some things where the presidents are clearly engaging in constitutional interpretation an d other areas where it is just politics and how3 do the two sort of intersect? hal: the boundaries a pretty clear. some things are daily politics is some things are technical constitutional interpretation. what presidents do is they look at the constitution. is they are very interested in what the presidents -- their predecessors have done. those are the only people ever sat in that seat. what the supreme court has said. they want to fit themselves into the t