second, as this court recognized in a rate in mcpherson from the very first presidential election state to been choosing electors specifically because their promised support of a candidate. this contradicts their claim that the framers do the exercise of discretion central to the role and the coral is not just about long-standing practice and with the framers themselves, excepting their position would conclude the framers and misunderstood the role they had created. >> general, could the legislature appoint whomever they want to be in elector? >> there are certainly some limits on discretion and other constitutional provisions such as equal protection clause impose limits but in general states have exclusive authority to appoint electors of appointment. >> they don't appoint electors in any way before the national vote and they select the electors that they would like after that vote is not array? >> i don't think that is all right, i would need a few more facts to know for certain but the risk, once the state has given to the people the right to vote for president, that right is fundam

as this court recognized in ray and mcpherson, from the very first presidential election, states have been choosing electors specifically because they have promised to support a particular presidential candidate. this contradicts petitioner's claims that framers viewed the discretion as central and shows the quarrel is not just with our long-standing practice, it is .ith the framers themselves chief justice roberts: could the legislature of point -- appoint whomever they want to be an elector? gen. purcell: there are certainly some limits on the discretion. other constitutional provisions, such as equal protection laws. in general, states have exclusive authority to appoint electors and set conditions of appointment. chief justice roberts: let's say they don't appoint electors in any way before the national vote, and then they select the electors they would like after that vote. is that all right? gen. purcell: i don't think that is all right. i would need a few more facts to know for certain, but the risk there is that once the state has given to the people, the right to vote for pre

can you tell us about the andificance of mcpherson wyatt cuts in your favor? -- and why it cuts in your favor? maine,ebraska in -- and one electoral vote to each winter of a particular district and to votes to the statewide winner. nebraska, into thousand eight, obama won the omaha district. there are some statements about the broadness of the states' appointment power. i think that is true based on the text of the constitution. some are trying to bootstrap the power to appoint into the power to control after appointment. languagele take some from other supreme court cases that say we have the power to appoint. that necessarily includes the power to remove. the justices did not really seem to go for that. the power to appoint federal judges means you do not control their decisions. the power of governors to appoint senators, which they had prior to the 17th amendment, does not include the power to remove. people on the others who favor removal power say that is only because there are express limits. so say the senator has a six-year term. that tells you he can

mcpherson said experience soon demonstrated that the electors were chosen simply to register the will of the appointing state. doesn't the same principle undermine whatever you think some of the framers expected, the historical practice at least since the 12th amendment, has shown that states have imposed not just pledges, but have imposed fines and some removal of electors who are faithless? mr. lessig: first, no state has ever, prior to 2016, imposed a fine to remove an elector. two, our argument has nothing to do with expectations. it is the state's argument that hangs on expectations. what we say is that the constitution, as mcpherson says, should be read not according to modern-day expectations, but according to the words the ordinary expected meaning of the words the framers used in the constitution. chief justice roberts: justice kagan? justice kagan: let me ask about those words. most of your argument is -- argument depends on a reading of those terms. usually, we think of those terms as involving some choice, but not necessarily. people are electors, people cast ballots at ti

as acting secretary mcpherson rightly stated, it raised a lot of unanswered questions. as determination was that is required.ation my guidance to him -- again, it is his decision, pretty simple, do the right thing and follow the facts. it scope of how he has bound . i will be diligent in terms of following the facts. publicly,and may be we need to be able to hold it up to ourselves, the american people, the public. it needs to be able to withstand the scrutiny soap know everything that happens. so that we learn from it, so that going into the future we are a much better organization writ large and may be into the future. last question here. reporter: for the chairman, do you have an update on how far through the tiers you have gotten, getting them tested, how long that might take? for the secretary, as states lift shelter-in-place orders, what is your advice, not necessarily policy guidance but advice, for garrison commanders trying to negotiate that? for the strategic forces, you can rest assured .hat they are all squared away tier 2 is a much larger population and we

>> from mcpherson, we see -- induce plenary authority over the removal power of electors and the constraint on that is other independent constitutional conditions. >> suppose the legislature is in the hands of a political party other than the party of the candidate who wins the popular vote in the state. can the legislature remove all of the electors who were pledged to vote for that candidate and replace them with other electors? >> this is an important point. let me answer your question and then get to a slightly different one. if the legislature announces the procedure in advance and gives people the right to vote at my exercise that right, the legislature cannot undo the public's right to vote without violating the right to vote line of cases. however, if the legislature acted earlier, say the prior spring to change the process to give itself the power to appoint electors, not the power in the hands of the people, that's a choice state legislatures could make. in mcpherson it was litigated whether or not a legislature could move from a winner take all to a districting system. there was

lindsey mcpherson. "roll call." lindsey? ok. reporter: madam speaker. -- iscernible] ms. pelosi: i heard the word stabilizer. >> [indiscernible] -- ms. pelosi: we're ok with that. but in terms of the stabilizers. and that wasn't just a progressive -- that's across the board in our caucus, including in the speaker's office. i'm a big supporter of having stabilizers in the bill. for those of you -- stabilizer would be something where you might have in the bill something at says, if by january the unemployment rate is 7% or higher, we would automatically unemployment of checks. which is something that is really standard fare. but say you put that in the bill. i thought that would be a very wise thing to do. same thing with snap and rest. owever, many years as an proprietor and leadership, do not realize, because we have never spoken in these big terms before, is that if you have a stabilizer that something will happen next january and then you'll have -- $400 billion worth of unemployment checks going out, it counts in the bill today. it counts in the bill today. why would i

>> from mcpherson we have the plenary authority oversight and removal power and the constraint on that is other independent constitutional conditions such as those we discussed previously under the amendment. >> supposed the legislature is in the hands of a political party other than the party of the candidate that wins the popular vote. can they simply remove all of the electors that were pledged to vote and replace them with others? >> this is an important point. but the first answer your question and get to a slightly different one that raises the same concerns. if the legislature announces the procedure in advance and gives people the right to vote and they exercise the right, they cannot undo the public right to vote without violating the right to vote line of cases however if they acted earlier essay in the prior spring to change the process and to give itself the power to appoint electors, not the power in the hands of the people, that is the choice state legislatures could make. it was litigated whether or not they could move from the winner take all to the district system ther

from manyout dave including my dear friend, bernadette mcpherson. dave i heard about from all different elections. he was burned -- born in jersey city. he found a new avenue of service. since 1994, he had been a member of the emt squad with the new jersey sports and exposition or authority. he was proud to say he worked at world cup soccer matches and countless concerts. i know the boss watches us from time to time. 15 of those concerts were bruce springsteen shows. not that anyone counted. he loved every second of it. he was present for a bunch of jets and giants game. -- games. he worked at the meadowlands racetrack. wherever and whenever dave was needed, he was there. he had served a variety of roles along with the chief of wellington fire department. he was a past number of the wallington board of education and was elected by his peers to be the president. he was an active member of the wallington emergency squad for over 30 years until his passing. his highes behind school sweetheart and wife, barbara as well as daughter nicole and son david a

. >> reporter: breanne mcpherson is another are and left sitting on the sidelines. some things are very different now. elective surgeries are postponed, hospitals are cross training healthcare workers. and preparations for surges of covid-19 patients. >> the entire healthcare system has become disrupted. recent nursing graduates are caught in the crossfire of that. >> general instance has researched the nursing labor market for decades. she says employers, especially in big california cities have f keeping them from taking on novice nurses. >> right now, they are for this regard little group. >> reporter: last december, 50 graduated from the nursing program at uc davis. many estimate three quarters of their classmates are still jobless. >> this is not what it stands for. >> mcpherson was told by several hospitals, physicians were put on hold or frozen indefinitely because of covid- 19. california's governor called for nurses to step up. >> if you are a nursing school student or medical school student, we need you. if you're just retired in the last few years, we nee

four leading scholars in their field, james mcpherson, gordon wood, james oakes signed on. a letter was sent to "the times" which was printed. they wrote, we are dismayed at some of the factual errors in the project and the closed process behind it flts these errors which concern major events cannot be described as enteration or framing. they are matters of verifiable fact, which are the foundation of both honest scholarship and honest journalism. they suggest a displacement of historical understanding by ideology. dismissal of objections on racial grounds that they are the objection of only white historians has affirmed that displacement. they labeled other material as misleading and asked "the times" to issue prominent corrections of the errors and distortions presented in the 1619 project. the paper responded, writing in part, we are familiar with the objections of the letter writers as four of them have been interviewed in recent months by the world socialist website. we disagree with their claim that our project contains significant factual errors and is driven by ideo