you applied to law school at harvard, you got into harvard law school. was the class half women and half men? [laughter] justice ginsburg: no. in those ancient days. i went from law school from 1956 to 1959. in my entry class that -- at harvard law school, there were over 500 in the class. nine of us were women. from marty's class, a year ahead of me. there were five women in his class. today, the harvard law school has about 50% women. [applause] david: in your harvard law school class, you did extremely well and got onto the harvard law review. you were near the top of your for first be or tied in your class. but when your husband moved to new york, you wanted to transfer to columbia law school. the -- dean of harvard law school did not think that was a good idea if you wanted to be a harvard graduate? justice ginsburg: the reason i didn't, marty was diagnosed with a meta-state of term -- meta-state sick asic tumor inst his third year of law school. there was no chemotherapy, there was only radiation. we did not know whether he would survive, and i did

[applause] david: in your harvard law school class you did extremely well and got onto the harvard lot review and were near the top of your class. when your husband he to move to new york, you wanted to transfer to columbia law school. the dean of the harvard law school did not think that was such a great idea if you want to be a harvard graduate. is that correct? -- the ginsburg: he said reason i did not was marty was diagnosed with a testicular tumor in his third year of law school. days, therehe early was no such thing as chemotherapy. there was only radiation. they did not know whether he would survive. i did not want to be a single mom. my daughter was 14 months when i started law school. we wanted to stay together as a family. he had a good job with a firm in new york. be an easyt would answer. complete my education there, could i have a harvard degree. absently not. there was a cornell classmate of mine who had her first year of law school at penn. she transferred into our second year class and i said to the her second and third year and earn a harvard degree. understoodrsally t

and today the harvard law school david: you0% women did extremely well and you got onto the harvard law review. but when your husband needed to move to new york, you wanted to transfer to columbia law school and the dean did not think it was a great idea if you wanted to be a harvard graduate. justice ginsburg time -- justice ginsburg:. i didn't because marty was diagnosed with a testicular tumor in his third year of law school. were early days for cancer and there was no such thing as chemotherapy. .here was only radiation we did not know whether he would survive. and i did not want to be a single mom. when ihter was 14 months started law school. we wanted to do this as a family. job and so iood , would i be able to complete my legal education at columbia and he said absolutely not, you must spend your 30 year here. there was a cornell classmate of who had her first year of law school. she transferred into our second year. and i said to the dean, "well, she will be -- will have her second and third year and will earn a harvard degree, but it's, i think, universally understood that the

kennedy school of government at harvard university. miles is a senior practice fellow in american democracy at harvard kennedy school center for democratic governance and innovations. as a longtime organizer, policy advocate an elected official. prior to his appointments to the center, he was most recently president of the independent grassroots organization, because . ... ... >>. >> and now i'm honored to turn things over to our speakers the digital podium is yours. >> thank you. also thank you to the harvard bookstore for making this possible tonight. thanks to all of you who are joining us tonight will be a very good discussion especially to alex writing this remarkable book i have been a friend and fan of the professors book for years we both been involved in the democracy reform the right to vote has been the anchor if i can use that term in the field of the understanding of the nation's troubled and fried history of the right to vote. why do we still have the electoral college? as the anchor explanation with the possibilities of

i'm going to take you back to your days at harvard law school, when... i will allude again to the movie. your... marty was diagnosed with testicular cancer, and he had a lot of surgeries and a lot of radiation, and he was pretty sick for, i guess, a year, something pretty close to a year. >> it started in december. and he was finished with the -- at least there was -- there was a five year look-see operation, follow-up operation, but there was massive surgery. and then there was daily radiation because, in those days, there was no chemotherapy. that was a very trying time. >> so, would you describe what your typical day was like in that period of time? because i think it framed your penchant for working until 4:00 in the morning or later. >> well, i'd go to my classes in the morning. i had note takers for marty'classes. i would then go to mass general to see him. then i'd come home and play with jane and feed her and put her to bed. marty would get -- well, first, the daily radiation made him very sick. so when he finished being sick and he finally went

i read a story that when she got to harvard law school, the dean, i think of harvard law school i think took -- brought all the nine women to dinner who were students and i don't want to paraphase but said something to the effect -- >> he asked all of the women to stand up and justify how it was they could take the place of a man. gue justice beginniginsburg was ho a fault. she said she was hoping tore be better wife to her husband. the real reason justice ginsburg was at harvard law school is she had a passion for the law. she loved her work. it was a great love of her life, the law. she used the law as an instrument to expand rights and equality for people who have been written out of the original we the people but she was just somebody who whole heartily devoted herself to the task so no, she was not at harvard law school to make a better dinner conversation with her husband, although they had a wonderful relationship. >> she loved harvard and went to colombia graduating tied for first in her class. >> yes, she did. in fact, when she got to colombia, everybody sort of had been warned

from anywhere besides harvard or yale. i'd say this nominee would bring welcome diversity on multiple fronts. as i predicted last week, the far left is rushing to make this nomination about anything but, anything but judge barrett's qualifications. the instant, the instant she was announced, they started with the same unhinged attacks they have recycled for every supreme court nomination by every republican president since the 1970's. remember the far left said justice stevens opposed women's rights, that justice kennedy would be a disaster for women, that justice souter would put the health and lives of americans at risk. well, saturday went like clock work. the political left took one more look at judge barrett's qualifications, gave up on debating the merits, and headed right, right at the same old scare tactics. our colleague, the democratic leader, informed americans that this 48-year-old working mother was going to turn back the clock on women's rights. this 48-year-old working mother is going to turn back the clock

you were at harvard law. you can't imagine when you were at harvard law the nine women who were at harvard law with her in that class being told, you know, justify that -- you know, why you can take the place of a man. >> it -- she ushered in and was in the vanguard of a revolution of women at harvard law school. when i was -- i remember actually seeing her come to speak at harvard when i was a student there. and she was on the i peels coapt and it was a packed room to hear her. it was clear that she -- it wasn't clear that she was going to be on the supreme court, but it was career that her previous career as an advocate for women's lights been so significant. for me at harvard, i had many more women than that in my class, but i did not have a female professor until my third year of law school. now i'm just going to say with some pride my daughter's a first year student at harvard law school, now remolt, ate, he and has professors from her first semester. thank you so justice ginsburg for seeing that shift h

it tore at harvard . calm once is closing spring up on behalf of our source here, thank you both have a good night . keep reading. everybody please be well . thank you very much. >> thank you very much everybody take care. here's a look at some publishing industry news. author and journalist died last week at the age of 83 . dana, she was a contributor to vanity fair new york magazine as well as the other 17 books . include arrest selling title passages that was published in 1976 and sold 10 million copies. the new york times reports and an already busy fall publishing season has gotten more hectic . due to the lack of capacity, the nations to largest book printing companies. biopsy printing filed for bankruptcy in april . the others up for sale. books that were delayed due to the coronavirus pendant, compete up with titles that were already scheduled for the fall season . in the news, best-selling french economist thomas has refused to edit portions of his latest book, capital and ideology . to make it a

kennedy school of government at harvard university. miles rappaport is senior fellow in american democracy at harvard kennedy school's ash center for democratic governance and innovation and is a longtime organizer, policy advocate and elected official. prior to his appointment to the hash center he was most recently resident of the independent grassroots organization common cause. for 13 years, he had the public policy center fema and served as connecticut's secretary of state. tonight they will be discussing alex's new book why do we still have the electoral college in which he explains the persistence of this arcane institution chases the american president . examines the history of the electoral college, the failed attempts to reform or abolish it and why efforts for reform i received so little attention from ponderous for the last 40 years. lawrence lessig praises this as a brilliantcontribution to a critical debate , just in time to help guide effective reform now i'm honored to turn things over to our speakers. the digital podiu

she was on the law review both at harvard and columbia. she did have some discouragement in trying to get the kind of job she really was trained to do. and, she had a toddler at home and yet she kept ongoing. she faced discrimination against her as a woman, what did she do? she found a way to win equality for all women and not just herself. it was extraordinary achievement. >> the resilience that she showed, the struggle she had with cancer, it has gone on for so long. >> oh my goodness. and the pain she has been in and yet continuing to work and keep a schedule that i could not keep. the feedback thnumber of incide she would bounce back. this was a extraordinary determined woman and energetic and the one thing i want to say was that she loved her job. she loved the work and i think part of the determination was that. she felt she was making a contribution to society and she wanted to keep doing it. one time we saw her on a friday night late into the afternoon in her chambers and when she said good-bye to us, she said oh, back to the coal

and then he was given a position at harvard. the only two places he worked was harvard and stanford. so we moved eventually to silicon valley and that is where i grew up. david: you went to stanford undergrad? ruth: i did. david: did you major in finance? ruth: i majored in economics and international relations. i thought i would go off and be a lawyer just like you. david: ok. well, you were smart not to do that. but you did go to wharton mba school, right? you got an mba from wharton. ruth: yes. david: then you went to wall street? ruth: i went from stanford to the school of economics to wharton. i thought i would be a consultant. when i started in business school, what i'd -- i was convinced what i wanted to do helpork with companies and them with their problems. i took a fascinating course with a great teacher and he opened my eyes to this thing called wall street, mergers, and acquisitions. i went from being convinced that i was doing my thing to being completely convinced i wanted to do mergers. david: when you went ultima

in a paper published today in a prestigious scientific journal, the harvard test works extremely well to detect the coronavirus with a saliva sample or nasal swab. >> it starts out pink and then turns yellow in 30 minutes if the virus is in there. very quick and easy to read out. >> it is fast, easy to run, accurate and very inexpensive. just over two dollars for each test.>> the fact that it can run so much more quickly sounds great. with this method you still need a lab and lab technicians, he is hoping for a home test.>> that you can do every day after brushing your teeth, then the kids can brush their teeth and go to school if negative. >> late today we spoke to randy trew who runs a company called flood limb, and they will have a pilot to screen schools and workplaces in the bay area. >>> still ahead, are you ready to catch a flick on the big screen? details on one place opening up in a >>> movie theaters have always been a place to escape reality and starting today the blosser county studio movie grill is also providing some relief from the smoke. they opened at 25% capacity aft

going to harvard law school. facing discrimination from the dean of harvard law school. saying, you know, to the nine women at harvard law school, you know, please, each of you, stand up and justify why you are taking the place of a man at harvard law school. i mean, couldn't get a job even after graduating first in her class at columbia law school or tied for first in her class. what do you think motivated? >> she was tenacious. i'm sorry, anderson. she was resilient. she was tenacious. and she was a fighter. my favorite image of her is of her holding up her fists in a mock fighting mode during her confirmation proceedings. i think that is ruth bader ginsburg in a nutshell. she was determined. she was not going to let anything stop her from achieving her full, human potential. and she's made it her -- or she made it -- i'm sorry, i hesitate when it becomes past tense -- she made it her life's work to -- to make sure that everyone could have opportunity to live up to their full, human potential. that's what she was about and that's pretty special. she left an enormous le

. >> now you share the board fellow on harvard corporation you're on john hopkins medicine all of these academic institutions, these in chicago you have one aspect you found among some of these leaders is they drop out of school they didn't graduate college and bill gates, grandson let me ask you about gates if he had not dropped out of harvard he doesn't think my microsoft would have dominated when he was first creating all of that. >> very first dropout, of course, is bill gates and he dropped out because he thought he was goi to miss the software revolution as he later says in a bit in the interview he loses to it he said he was wrong. software revolution waited more years so actually had he graduated wouldn't have made that much of a difference and didn't know that and imagine telling your father and mother who are very well educated i'm dropping out of college to start a company in the software world when nobody really know what software was. same is true i did an interview over this book mark zuckerberg did same thing and college dropouts richard is high school dropout actually an

he went to harvard law. he graduated the top of his class. he's, you know, incredibly

i came to harvard as the mother of a 14-month-old child. i'd go to school, study as hard as i can in a very concentrated way. i didn't waste any time. 4:00 in the afternoon, our babysitter left, and that was my child's hours till she went to sleep. playing with my daughter gave me a respite from the kind of work i was doing at law school and i think made me more sane. >> we knew that marty was ill. we just knew he had his own battle, and ruth is now caring for both marty and janie. >> marty, in his third year of law school, had a virulent cancer and days when there was no chemotherapy. there was only massive radiation. he'd go for the radiation, wake up about midnight when the only food that he ate for the day, he could manage, and then i started typing the notes that his classmates had given me from his classes, reading whatever cases i would read for the next day, and maybe i got two hours' sleep. >> she did her own work, helped her husband with his work, organized his friends so they could help him with his work, and took care of her 2-y

but he still the president of harvard university. and he carried all the authority and weight of that position. so often women in the university there after not wonder whether he thought they had the equivalent aptitudes of their male counterparts. so his ability to run that institution as in traditional opportunities to women on the faculty in the student body. i think it was . fundamentally called into question. so when you have an institutional reader who went through something they say undercuts confidence that they can lead the university, the values that institution stands for and treating people equally. that can be and it was in his case, kind fatal to his leadership. it is a very harsh consequence for speech. but i do think the stakes are higher the more lofty your position is . and that duty is care has to be stronger. and that for him, this perfectly acceptable thing to say if he was among a small group of friends are back when he was on the harvard faculty. they has to recognize as the university president that you no lon

harvard bookstore continues to bring authors to our community and new digital community. as always, our events scheduled also appears on our website at harvard.com/events where you can sign up for e-mail news letter. this evening's discussion will conclude with questions and if you have any questions, click on q&a bottom. in the chat i will be posting a link to purchase and donate and support series in the store. your purchases an contributions make tonight possible. thank you so much for showing up and tuning in support of authors at harvard bookstore. we appreciate your support now and always. as you may have experienced in virtual gatherings the last few weeks, months, technical issues may arise. [laughter] >> if they do, we will do our best to resolve them quickly and we thank you for your patience and understanding. and now i'm so pleased to introduce tonight's speakers, nicholson baker, author of ten novels, human smoke, substitute, going to school with a thousand kids and best-selling author, cath rib porter award from the american academy of arts and letters, toni

the only two places he ever worked were harvard or stanford. -- harvard and stanford. we moved eventually to silicon valley, and that's where i grew up. david: you went to stanford undergrad, and did you major in finance? ruth: i majored in economics and international relations and thought i would go off to be a lawyer. just like you. david: you're smart not to do that. you got an mba from wharton, and you went to wall street? ruth: i went from stanford to the london school of economics to wharton. i assumed i would be a consultant. i started in business school, i was convinced that what i wanted to do was work with companies and help them understand their problems. then i took a fascinating course with a great teacher and he opened my eyes to this thing called wall street mergers and acquisitions. i went from completely convinced i was doing one thing to completely convinced the only thing i wanted to do was mergers. david: when you went to morgan stanley, was it 50% women? ruth: far from it. when i started at morgan stanley, it was 1987, so it was sort of the stone a

at harvard she was one of nine , women in a class of 500. she was married to marty ginsburg. later on our faculty. and in 1955, gave birth to a daughter. she had chosen her spouse, or as she called him, her life partner, very wisely and i'd love to talk about marty as well. i hope somebody else might do that. she applied to a dozen or so new york law firms for a job when she graduated, but not one would hire her, even though she was near the top of her class at harvard and tied for first in her class at columbia, where she did her third year, and she was in the law review. she got a clerkship with a federal district court judge in the southern district of new york only because one of her teachers at columbia went all out for her. promising the judge that if he hired her and was displeased he had, he himself had lined up a male graduate who was ready to replace her. and if he didn't hire her columbia law school would send , him no more clerks. she was hired by him and she shone. although she was recommended by one of her harvard professors for a clerkship with justice frankber

-references to it in the harvard college library, books donated by harvard professors. that would probably come closest, the works of sarah, but books have much of their time. the tradition is very, very much a a part of ours still today. thank you. that was a great question. >> was summer reading recommend as an escape from georgia birds version of -- i'm sorry, i can't pronounce it. american nervousness or associate with a version of american nervousness that characterized it as language -- [inaudible] >> i think with your most concerned with was a hypersensitivity and so the full. bake in which the talk about women and women's history, they were in conversation. the critics of summer reading were in conversation with those notorious effects. but for women they were more worried nasa much about languor as about hypersensitivity to sexual stimulation by reading sensational novels. we couldn't have that. >> does summer reading among populist eon the middle class, is it marketed to working and non-caucasian audiences? >> i was surprised by the range of audiences that adm

this game this football game less interesting that if there is this kind of relation andrew one the harvard study looked at football's financial integrity or lack of it is it said it talks about structural financial weakness in football i want to quote to you here it says the sector is dominated by a small elite of clubs players and owners scented in europe's top leagues the thousands of clubs beyond that have little reason or since constituting a vast base of have nots in a financial period pyramid how do you begin to address that and football does it even need to be addressed or is that just the nature of the game. i think the starting point is it's the it's it's the nature of the european model of sport which is o.c. different to the us model of sport which which builds in a degree of inverted commas fairness in relation to. how the leaks are structured in relation to how the best players arising from the college system can be picked up and selected it's not it's not dominated by the biggest check book per se. but at the same time you know there are ways and means you can address the iss

now i know harvard and mit have already said they're going to sue the trumpet ministration i mean this could really mean the mass deportation of say all u.k. students from the united states. well i mean that was certainly what i had put in there they're interactive that they issued a essentially last foreign students that we're going to be attending online only courses with a few options and i don't think any of the options are grace and the 1st is leave the last 2nd to try to scramble to transfer schools and a few weeks' notice assuming they can find a course in a school that is not online only and force the schools to to go on to kind of change from online only to in person or face deportation so they're the options that they were left with iraq's into law it is to say that harvard and mighty have already say northwestern university in chicago and recently just joined in support of harvard and mit position as well and i know you tweeted out a loophole a possible loophole i don't know whether you're being humorous about it i'll get to that in a 2nd 1st of all do you think this serious

learning a few lessons from the american model of saints for which is what we essentially refer to in this harvard report which is basically an equally distributing things like television revenue and and some other bits and pieces to support those so-called small it seems to be more competitive both in the transfer market paying players' wages and then ultimately on the field of play the danger calls for that for all of those super league clubs if they absolutely don't want it which is why they were also happy to sign up for the financial fair play regulations in the 1st place because it protected the status quo so. we we have to talk about is the coronavirus pandemic and how that has impacted football as a whole demo what has the impact been you know both on the game on the business model and what's the situation with the league or how has coronavirus impacted the season and the cash flow. well it has had huge impacts and we haven't seen it all because we know in spain government has just said that the people are going to this at least until next year so these huge loss for collapse for example w

my co-authors done plenty focuses on compacts about his competitive integrity i was interested the harvard report said what it did because if you go back to the very constructs of the you. financial fair play regulations they are still they set out to do 2 things one was to reduce financial sorry improve financial sustainability across european club football i think i would argue that that has been achieved we see many fewer instances of administration for example go in it's a football clubs much much greater number of clubs of surviving and competing now financially but the other thing they want is the was improve competitive balance and not basically says that we want clubs to be more competitive against each other on the field of play and that's where financial fair play as a regulation has completely failed actually because you now have a group of the say 20 or so clubs that would be considered the super elite they have you know the majority of the revenue barcelona ramadan spain for example soak up huge amount of television deal in la look at the premier league you've got top 6 that g

. >> reporter: from oklahoma, the couple moved to boston, in 1956, to attend harvard law school. ruth ginsburg was one of just nine women in the program. >> the dean had a practice of each year having only the female students come to a dinner in his home. and the dean asked each woman there to say why were they taking the place of a male law student at harvard? >> there's so many possible responses to that and justice ginsburg tells us she responded so i'd have something to talk to my husband about. of course, she cooperauldn't ha meant that. >> reporter: at home, there were more serious challenges. in 1957, when that i eveir daug jane was 2, marty was diagnosed with testicular cancer. >> my second year in law school. marty's third year. and there was massive surgery, followed by massive radiation. there was no chemotherapy in -- in those days. we just took each day, as it came. my routine was i would attend my classes. i would, then, go to mass general, the honest where he was hospital where he was in the afternoon. and then, i started typing the notes that his classmates had gi

which was published earlier this week by harvard business review press. and congratulations on that as well. many of you watching this live stream have your hardcover copy when you registered. your copies will begin shipping tomorrow. but let's edit started here pretty wanted to ask an opening question to catherine. i wonder how this project got started? where did the idea using the five forces framework to understand the politics come from? cnet thank you anita. it's interesting actually the idea came long before the idea to disseminate it. so want to go a little bit beyond that. in 2015, i told my food manufacturing company and i did that imparts i could work on all these political change issues. because i was so deeply concerned. i was basically training at the business community involved execs out there mia. and i was really completely striking out. i would be in new york and have a meeting with a billionaire without was really amenable to system. and having a great meeting and thinking oh my gosh it's going so well i should ask for $5 million and sai

please stand up and justify why you're taking the place of a man at harvard law school. couldn't get a job after graduating first in her class at columbia. or tied for first in her class. >> she was tenacious. she was tenacious, i'm sorry, anderson. she was resilient, she was tenacious and she was a fighter. my favorite image of her is of her holding up her fists in a mock fighting mode during her confirmation proceedings. i think that is ruth bader ginsberg in a nutshell. she was determined, she was not going to let anything stop her from achieving her full human potential. i'm sorry, i hesitate when it becomes past tense. she made it her life's work to make sure that everyone could have the opportunity to live up to their full human potential. that's what she was about, and that's pretty special. she left an enormous legacy. she made our country better. and she did it first as an advocate and then as a judge. i think it was the drive to contribute, to leave the world a better place than she found it that kept her going right up until the end. >> i think the successes s

. >> from oklahoma, the couple moved to boston in 1956 to attend harvard law school. ruth ginsburg was one of just nine women in the program. >> the dean had a practice of each year having only the female students come to a dinner at his home, and the dean asked each woman there to say why were they taking the place of a male law student at harvard. >> there are so many possible responses to that question, and justice ginsburg tells us that she responded, so i'll something to talk to my husband about. well, of course she couldn't have meant that. was she possibly put on the spot and didn't know what to say? that's possible. >> at home, there were more serious challenges. in 1957 when their daughter, jane, was 2, marty was diagnosed with test tick yew lar cancer. >> it was my second year in law school, marty's third year, and there was massive surgery followed by massive radiation. there was no chemotherapy in those days. we just took each day as it came. my routine was i would attend my classes. i would then go to mass general, the hospital where he was, in the aftern

you were at harvard we were one of only nine women, then at columbia one of 12 women. we wonder if you could share with our audience what that was like, being one of so few women in law school and what law school was like for the women? justice ginsburg: in my first year class there were nine women and over 500 men. we were divided into four sections, so most of us had one other female companion. usfelt that all eyes were on . that if we were called on in class and we gave a dumb answer people would think, well, what do you expect? super-prepared. the difference was noted by a colleague of mine at columbia law school. now we are into the middle 70's. women are showing up in numbers in law school. he admitted to having a certain days.g for the good old why? because he said in the class was moving slowly and you needed a crisp, right answer, you called on the women. you could proceed. nowadays, he said, there is no difference. the women are as unprepared as the men. [laughter] >> -- >> i think you have talked to us before about these dean dinners. these are not the kind

also to thank you to harvard books. i work for the office and on the wall you cannot see it, a portrait including my great great great grandmother. and when i work i am very aware for everything that i do and i am self-conscious that i was writing this book about women's suffrage and did not know informally interest in them and thinking about them i didn't have an interest to think about where they were in 1920. now she's no longer living with her daughter and granddaughter and great-granddaughter are all alive and black women and in north carolina and missouri. i didn't know what they were doing. but i realized i would have to dig for those stories and let them guide me to tell them what is a uniquely women's perspective on political rights and voting rights. >> are you saying that you did not know their involvement prior to beginning the research of this book quick. >> i didn't. >> that was an amazing discovery. >> it was amazing but it was tough because of her things i wanted to know that i could have learned. in to

he was given a position at harvard. the only two places he ever worked was harvard and stanford. ruth: you -- david: you went to stanford underground yucca -- you went to stanford undergrad? ruth: yes. david: you got an mba from wharton then you went to wall street? ruth: i went from stanford to the london school of economics then to warden. i'd was can -- i was convinced i wanted to understand companies their problems and how to fix them. it went from completely --vinced to doing i was david: was it 50% women? ruth: far from it. 1987. it was the stone age for any sense of what was the role of women in banking. i think that general attitude was that those of us there would married, have kids and leave. we did not have the stamina. morgan stanley was the best of the best, but that was that you thee on wall street -- ethos on wall street. i was pregnant with our first child and the partner turned to the client and said "ruth may come back after the first child, but there is no way she will come back after the second." the partner told him he was an idiot, but that made an impressio

and also from harvard that has a harvard professor who donated it. at the same time though, i look back at the wonderful online site called. [inaudible] looked at what was checked out of the library and muncie indiana. we can kind of trace summer novels there as well. and then kind of a final peace of this, they were advertised, not just in new england. but in california as well. so novels about the maine coast would appear in california. and working people would have been featured in the fiction. that may be less clear that it went beyond the middle class to the working class. except for large -- i think i got color by first two names. see what do you think this type of reading and literature for women helps sort of keep women and their place, and reinforce their place in society? >> guest: marriage was definitely a major concern. all of the plots had to do with marriage. this would have been a period of time, just after the civil war for you had a pull for ration of young single women. so i think you kind of have to say that the glass half empty or

found references to it in the harvard college library. books done by harvard professors. that would probably come closest to the works. but i think they are, the books are very much of the time and the tradition is very much a part of ours today. there's a great question. >> was summer reading, from the george's version of, i am sorry, i cannot program and pronounce it. it's a version that characterizes it as his ability. >> i think when they were probably most concerned with was kind of a hypersensitivity and so the full. it mission talk about women and women's hysteria and said they definitely were in conversation. the critics were definitely in conversation with those notorious effects for women i think they were more worried, not too much about language as about a hypersensitivity to stimulation by reading sensational novels we couldn't have that. host: does the summer reading, moved beyond the class. is it marketed to different audiences. >> i kind of have to tease this out. he found number of books that were contributed to libraries . so a copy of one summer appeare

and now point of personal pride, my daughter is a first year student at harvard law school. she has female professors from day one, and i'm sure i haven't even checked that half her class is female. so i'm going to look on the bright side of this one. >> melissa, as we prepare to see justice ginsburg's casket being brought in to statuary hall, can you reflect on your time at the court and what justice ginsburg meant to you? >> well, as a law professor, justice ginsburg's work has surely informed my own work. she was a really imdom itable presence for anything who thinks about questions of equality and her work in the field of gender and the law is really truly groundbreaking. she broke women into the constitution. she got the court in the 1970s to see the 14th amendment, not just pertaining to race and racial inequality, but also thinking about it in terms of sex and equality, which is truly revolutionary, because at the time, most of the laws that discriminated on the basis of sex did sell for women's protection. she said that protection was a form of benign paternalism tha

. >> the harvard women's law association never cared forward. >> they did it one more time, like maybe 15 years later. we found that we did it again and we were delighted. i it is students. so you know it's like a club like that is animated by whoever is in there in moment and how much energy hey have. not something you can dictate into perpetuity. >> there's a franchise idea, the top law firms for women every year, or the harvard seal of approval on law firms for women. >>> you have had a fascinating career. ceo crowe at pen america and government experience as bill and wonder if you could share with the audience you worked at the united nations and you tell about in the book including this amazing thing you did that i still cannot understand but you talk -- this word i had never heard before, you think about the word arrears the united states was constantly in arrears to paying the u.n. undoes and one of your jobs became rectifying the arrearage at the united nations. can you tell us about that experience. >> this is during the very end of the clinton administration and the u.s. had

. >> from oklahoma the couple moved to boston in 1956 to attend harvard law school. ruth bader ginsburg was one of nine women in the program. >> the deen han had a practice year only have female students to come. the dean asked students there why would they take the place of a male. >> the justice responded "something to talk to my husband about." >> of course, she did not meant that. was she put on the spot and don't know what to say, that's possible. >> at home there were serious challenges. when their daughter jane was two. marty was diagnosed with cancer. >> it was my second year in law school. marty's third year. there was massive surgeries followed by massive radiation. there was no chemo therapy in those days. my routine was i would attend my classes and i would then go to mass general, the hospital where he was in the afternoon and then i started typing the notes that his classmates given me and reading whatever cases. i would read for the next day and maybe i got two hours sleep. >> law school alone as a single person is incredibly challenging but to do all

like her husband, she pursued a law degree and enrolled in harvard after the birth of her daughter jane, then at columbia law school where she graduated of the top of her class. she stayed in the world of academia and as professor of rutgers university, she gave birth to a son james. she soon left rutgers to become of that schools first female tenured law professor. she described the 1970s as a fruitful time for women's righ rights. >> to be in the right place to help advance this movement for women's equality. >> she went on to create the american civil liberties union women's rights project and as general counsel for the aclu, she began appearing before the supreme court. she argued six cases for women's rights before president jimmy carter nominated her to serve on the u.s. court of appeals. then in 1993, president bill clinton nominated her to the nation's highest court. she is the only second woman to serve on the supreme court and the first jewish woman. >> what a long way we have come in this nation. >> after a series of hearings, the senate confirmed her to the post by a vote of

in a special way we recommend the college class of 2024 as you begin your journey here at harvard. we wish you all the very best and hope you'll be engaged in politics, attending forums and working fellows and the range of programs that we have. we welcome you to campus to kennedy school as well. we look forward to your activities with tpolitics. we're fortunate to have four national reporters who know harvard well, who know the institute of politics well, two graduates of the college, a bey phillips from cnn and alex burns from the new york times. and two resident fellows, margaret of axios and a chief correspondent from "the washington post" to continues as our senior fellow. so we're very fortunate with the expert moderation, to have the three journal irses discuss election 2020. it's been an eventful few weeks with the democratic and republican conventions and the presidential debate, vice-president debate in key states and a chance to gain their inside perspective and their insights into this critical election. as i said, this really starts off our election 2020, this will be

law school, one of nine women at harvard law. one professor asked the nine women of the class of 1959 how it felt to take the spots that should have gone to more qualified men, ouch! that seems in today's day and age like a vicious comment. >> god bless her and her family. she led a lifetime of service appointed by president carter to serve on the d.c. court of appeals, i believe. appointed by president clinton to serve on the supreme court. while i may disagree with her judicial philosophy, she fought for america. she's an iconic american and should be thanked for all of her service and prayers and blessings upon her family. but i do want to also add, sean, that donald trump was elected to serve for four years until january 20th. the senate ires were elected to serve until january. i do concur with ted cruz in saying that we need this court to be at its full strength by the time the election rolls around because the becomes have foreshadowed that they would contest any election. there needs to be nine justices sitting on that co

so that's very worrisome we had a palate argument this week in the case involving harvard and harvard admissions and a phony claim which was rejected by the district judge that harvard is using racially discriminatory tactics in building a diverse class of students and i think the ability of universities to take place at all into account in building their student body is certainly in jeopardy. it's been in jeopardy for a long time but it was justice kennedy, you know, who retired two years ago that kind of kept that alive so, you know, when dahlia mentioned abortion, that's obvious. the right to abortion really is hanging by a thread. so you kind of, you know, pick your case. and to the extent that things have happened only incrementally in recent years instead of sweeping decisions, that's because the conservative side couldn't always quite count on five votes and if they get one to replace justice ginsburg, i think a lot of this would be a foregone conclusion. >> linda greenhouse, supreme court reporter and analyst for "the new york times. it is an honor to have you with us tonight,

we had a palate argument this week in the case involving harvard and harvard admissions and a phony claim which was rejected by the district judge that harvard is using racially discriminatory tactics in building a diverse class of students. and i think the ability of universities to take place at all into account in building their student body is certainly in jeopardy. it's been in jeopardy for a long time. but it was justice kennedy, you know, who retired two years ago that kind of kept that alive. so, you know, when dahlia mentioned abortion, that's obvious. the right to abortion really is hanging by a thread. so you kind of, you know, pick your case. and to the extent that things have happened only incrementally in recent years instead of sweeping decisions, that's because the conservative side couldn't always quite count on five votes and if they get one to replace justice ginsburg, i think a lot of this would be a foregone conclusion. >> linda greenhouse, supreme court reporter and analyst for "the new york times." it is an honor to have you with us tonight, linda. thank you for mak