[laughter] likely to appear not older than frank and the roosevelt -- franklin d roosevelt. in 1882, her family moved to western massachusetts when she was two years old. she moved farther west to attend mount holyoke college, where she graduated in 1902. after college, she moved even farther from home to teach high school in chicago and to volunteer at whole house, james adams's famous effort. paul house introduced perkins -- to volunteer at hull house, jane adams' famous effort. this exposed her to immigrants. the immigration national service -- it really spans perkins's lifetime, 1880 to 1955, which happen to be book ended by the chinese exclusion act of 1882 in the immigration act of 1965. the latter reversed a series of explicitly racist immigration laws that governed the country throughout perkins's lifetime. the first was in 1882, when congress banned chinese laborers from coming to the u.s. the immigration act of 1917 expanded that restriction to what it called the az attic zone -- asiatic zone, additionally barring people with disabilities. the jonathan reed act, al

so roosevelt gave a fireside chat. so here is where fdr discovered and harness the full impact of radio, of course, based on his own absolute mastery of this relatively new national medium. i'm not going to play that first chat, but we are going to play and it is available on youtube both as an audio and as a version he gave for fox, movietone news right after finishing the fireside chat. but i do want to play. i think it's appropriate a bit of the chat he offered on d-day, for which he wrote his own text in the form of a long and heartfelt prayer for the safety and success of the troops. so let's listen to part of it. fdr on june six, 1944, ladies and gentlemen, the president of the united states. my fellow americans. last night, when i spoke with you about the fall of rome, i knew at that moment the troops of the united states and our allies were crushing that battle in another and greater operation. it has come to pass with success thus far. and so in this poignant hour, i ask you to join with me in prayer almighty

this morning, we gather at the circle of remembrance, home to president franklin d roosevelt's prayerwhich was dedicated he could just two years ago to reflect on the enormity of what took place on june 6th, 1944. on that day, allied forces launched the largest military invasion the world has ever seen. operation overlord brought together more than 2 million troops in the air, on land, and on the in a bold campaign to liberate europe from not see control. the operation would last nearly three months, stretching from the storming of the beaches on june 6 to the liberation of paris in late august. it was the turning point in the war but one that came at a heavy cost. during the cost -- during the course of the operation, more than 225,000 allied troops were killed, wounded, or declared missing in action. on d-day alone, over 9,000 allied troops were lost or wounded in the opening hours of the assault. this morning, as we lay he reads at president franklin d roosevelt's d-day prayer plaque, we remember them. we remember those who fell. we honor those who fought on. and we pay tribute to

, was able finally to shoehorn an audience on the patio of the white house, franklin roosevelt. and there white, white and appearance, white, and yet white militantly integrationist asked roosevelt to please soften and improve the new deal. and he said, roosevelt to walter, , walter, if i do that come i destroy the good that i've been able to accomplish. sure enough, perhaps, since the absence of an effort there's no proof of an effort at success. and the situation drives do boys to the left -- du bois to the left. he goes to the soviet union. he is finally impressed by its progress, assuming intellectuals in the time were. it was obligate tory indeed for an intellectual to visit the soviet union in those days of the 1920s and '30s. and for du bois, because of the parent absence of racism in that experiment, he drifted large left. he did so also for reasons of scholarship as you look at the injustices that have flown -- destroyed reconstructed pragmatic and intention of the south, he revised his appreciation of the failures of reconstruction. and so in 1935 having come back from

and franklin d roosevelt. mean, according to the book fdr and the -- like if there presidential power in that situation he seemed personally invested but it was really congress setting laws in advance. but it's just such a terrible situation. there, michael. there you go. and this might be a silly question, but did the families have to pay to get their children on these ships? no. no. good. in fact. one of the criteria was whether they could find another option. they were looking for children who this was saving their lives. i'm curious to know whether or not the children were in the united states or were sent back and how how that all worked out for them. in most cases they remained in the united states unless they chose to move somewhere else. i was only able to follow a couple of individual cases. so while was writing this book, i taught high school and at one time i was meeting with a prospective student at the prep school where i worked and her mother was literally in the daughter of one of the child refu

and president roosevelt's car. that's right. it would be more more of a union unit creating flow of the air. the design. they got away from the headlights. the upright radiator. now the difference to between what how you treat this car versus the one in the exhibit is that, you know, the scratch paint in a stray dent from one of his trips and mrs. roosevelt used the car to for a a year after his death. we don't want to fix those things on that car. right. the key thing on, the car that's in the museum and the important thing is it's as driven by the president.

roosevelt islands roosevelt island is a narrow strip of land in the middle of the east riviera, only3 km long and 240 m wide, in fact, more of a park than a residential area, there are only 12 thousand residents, you can’t move around by car everywhere, but you can walk along the cherry alleys on the embankment, excellent decorations, by the way, to celebrate earth day, every year on april 20, we remember that we should be closer to the earth, and nina vishneva's new friend does it literally, walks the planet barefoot, through the crowd and underground haze, throwing off his blocks and complexes, he measures manhattan miles, sneakers and loafers are alien to him and shoe polish is of no use, the shine of shoes is not his concern, i think you need to go to a nail salon, no, i need to stain them black so that no one notices that i would he introduces himself as barefoot joseph. joseph derova is 60. he is a photographer, a pilates teacher, a philosopher and many other things. and all this on the boss's foot. when i feel the earth, i ground myself, it calms me down and allows me to simpl

roosevelt's fifteen-metre one-person swimming pool was built here. , richard nixon had it converted into a room for... press conferences. today it bears the name of james brady, ronald reagan's press secretary. he was wounded and left disabled in the 1981 assassination attempt on reagan . the most closed government building and the most open private residence, this status emphasizes. thomas jefferson opened the white house to the public in 1801. you could walk along the building and ride in a horse -drawn carriage. after andrew jackson's inauguration on the capitol in 1829, thousands of his supporters went to the white house to celebrate and threw an hours-long and out-of-control drunken party. to lure guests outside, waiters containers of alcohol were carried out onto the north lawn, while inside the crowd was smashing furniture, smashing chinese porcelain, president jackson had to be evacuated to alexandria. it was chaos, people were cutting off pieces of curtains as souvenirs, and these curtains cost 7-10 thousand dollars at today's prices, of cou

roosevelt, as i'm sure know, won the election in his parade. they included a phalanx of men with lawnmowers coming down the streets. washington, d.c., of course, once in office, roosevelt acquired from congress the power to negotiate lower tariffs on this reciprocal basis. so this is the reciprocal tariff act of 1934. it's actually an amendment to the smoot-hawley tariff act of 1930. so it leaves of the structure of smoot-hawley in place but then adds on this idea the president can make these arrangement so that foreign markets will be made available. so the idea is to open to u.s. exports again, the idea is this is to boost the economy. it says in the law it's to increase the purchasing power of the american public and to restore the american standard of living. so this is, again, the midst of the depression this enacts the idea of reciprocity. the u.s., another country, each agree to lower rates to improve rate trade between the two. it also incorporates an idea that was very important to the roosevelt administration and to new deal generally

, was able finally to shoehorn an audience on the patio of the white house, franklin roosevelt. and there white, white and appearance, white, and yet white militantly integrationist asked roosevelt to please soften and improve the new deal. and he said, roosevelt to walter, , walter, if i do that come i destroy the good that i've been able to accomplish. sure enough, perhaps, since the absence of an effort there's no proof of an effort at success. and the situation drives do boys to the left -- du bois to the left. he goes to the soviet union. he is finally impressed by its progress, assuming intellectuals in the time were. it was obligate tory indeed for an intellectual to visit the soviet union in those days of the 1920s and '30s. and for du bois, because of the parent absence of racism in that experiment, he drifted large left. he did so also for reasons of scholarship as you look at the injustices that have flown -- destroyed reconstructed pragmatic and intention of the south, he revised his appreciation of the failures of reconstruction. and so in 1935 having come back from

but it's interesting that roosevelt decided to put the uss. i have donovan in charge that i think later on at the end of the war it's i think some of the undersea of donovan's very illustrious career is somewhat diminished by the that i think he was showing very bad judgment towards the end of the war and. some of those episodes are in there. i know for a fact i think churchill felt that he essentially was a pain in the -- at the end. of the war. yeah. your father being. yeah. father's beginning. yeah, yeah, yeah. sorry, sorry okay. oh, do we have question. well i'll go get another. okay. yeah, if you want. thank you know i was just saying that if googled william donovan, he was the father of spy system. yeah, he's given that out of the back of my book. you'll find plenty books related to william donovan, including douglas waller. spock are any other questions. someone? yes. right here. proceeds. hi. thank you. i wondering if in your research you came across any connections between the early uss and the codebreaking that was being done mostly

we should hear again the words of theodore roosevelt.t is the most important of all duties, it is a duty that makes all life worthwhile. we should say without reservation to men and women, but particularly for those young men who statistics tell us are increasingly not going to school, not working in the work force, not pursuing marriage, not pursuing children. our message, we shouldn't be ashamed to say to these young men that if you want to leave a legacy that matters, get married and have a family. dedicate yourself to this work. embrace sacrifice. if you want to know the kind of legacy that the frontiersmen left all those centuries ago, and we still remember them with such honor. embrace the challenge, the adventure of marriage. and we should tell young men that now, more than ever, our country needs you. we need you to embrace this great challenge. we need you to rise up and embrace the duties of providing and protecting, of leading and yes of sacrifice. we need you in this hour for our country's history. for those of us in this roo

in 1902, theodore roosevelt added a west wing to the main building. in 1909 , an office appeared near the street, but it was partially destroyed 20 years later in a fire on christmas night, it was rebuilt again under franklin roosevelt, securing the office its current appearance. the white house today is a complex of buildings and structures, located on an area of ​​5,100 km2 and a territory of 7.2 hectares. in photographs and video footage it may seem that the complex itself is small. but this is a deceptive feeling. 132 rooms, 35 bathrooms, 412 doors, 147 windows, 28 fireplaces, eight staircases, three elevators. in the center is the main historic building designed by james hoben, colonnades connect it to the west and east wings. the main building has six floors, including two underground and one attic. living quarters of the presidential families are on the third floor, where access for... the white house tour takes about 7 to 10 minutes, you're constantly walking, you're not standing still, you enter from the east side, you go down the hall, you g

theodore roosevelt says, no, i'm giving my speech. so he goes and gets up there, stands in front of the crowd, opens chest so you could see the blood. you should try to buy this shirt. you still get. there is actually a page from a speech that went up for auction, but i didn't get it. okay, then he shows the bloody shirt and says i been shot. that's how much they want to stop me. they that's how much they want to stop you and keep your party from going forward. now, if he had just left the stage at that moment and said, i can't be killed, but i'm going to get the stitched up, i think it would have gone down as the greatest moment in political rhetoric of of american history, because how dramatic could you possibly be. the problem is he continued to give his entire speech. he talked for 93 more minutes. and every moment he spoke, the impact of the drama that he had already up. so by the time leaving the stage, people say it's just a flesh wound. it's i want to talk a little bit about former presidents, what president bush calls the wor

roosevelt. in 1969 , richard nixon ordered its conversion into a hall for press conferences. today it bears the name of james brady, ronald reagan's press secretary. he was wounded and left disabled in the assassination attempt on reagan in 1980. the most closed government building and the most open private residence, this status emphasizes the contradiction between the increased security measures, that still exist today and the long tradition of open houses, when anyone could talk to the president. jefferson opened the white house to the public in 1801. you could walk around the building and ride in a horse-drawn carriage. after andrew jackson's inauguration on the capitol in 1829 , supporters headed to the white house to celebrate , throwing an hours-long , out-of-control drunken party to lure guests outside, with waiters carrying containers of alcohol onto the north lawn while inside the crowd smashed furniture and broke chinese porcelain. president jackson had to be evacuated to alexandria. it was chaos, people cut off pieces of curtains as souvenirs, and these curtains a

do we think that roosevelt's going to win? and there was a survey done in the four campaign, and so ernest goes to see the president to give him the results of that poll. in the poll said, he was going to win. but when he comes when ernest comes into the the oval office, he shocked by the look of fdr. he has what he called a death mask on because he he sees the president. he's dying and he's he's absolutely shocked by that. and i talk about that in the book. but, you know, this was something that we realized that that with henry wallace, it was important that he apparently didn't get the memo that the russians had double agents who were working in the united states and the origins of the cold were already beginning to emerge at the end of world war two. yes, it was true that the russians fought the nazis and that front, and that was really the the pivotal, fatal moment, fateful moment of hitler by having a two front war there. but it was also clear to roosevelt and to certainly other people, certainly to cuneo and certainly wi

in addition, roosevelt, when he was convincing isolationist circles, and here it is important to say that when the lenlizi act was adopted, there was a rather powerful movement in the united states, an isolationist one. one american politician even stated that if the soviet union were to defeat germany, we should help germany, if germany were to defeat the soviet union, we should help the soviet union, let them kill each other as long as possible. that politician was gary trum. so roosevelt convinced: if your neighbor's house is burning, and you have a garden hose, lend it to your neighbor until your house catches fire, when the fire is put out, your neighbor will return the hose to you, and if it turns out to be damaged, he will pay for it when he saves up some money, this is an understandable belief, but nevertheless, this idea that your neighbor's house is burning and that just sitting idly by while it burns is a completely unacceptable thing, roosevelt had this, as you also quite correctly noted, a completely sincere conviction and... and - it must be said that roosevelt's positi