now i'd like to introduce paul ginsburg. i'm sure almost everyone knows him. he is a well known expert on health policy and has a very detailed knowledge of markets and costs and he will also be talking about the misaligned incentives and the need for payment reform. and he is frequently quoted in of the paper and asked to testify before congress, because he has that unique ability to take something that's very complex, really understand it, and analyze it, but make it accessible and understandable to a wide audience. so paul. thank you. >> thanks, nancy, and sometimes it's hard for me to understand it. it motivates me to keep it simple. but i'm going to talk about payment reform. because when many people have asked me, well, seriously, what could be done in the context of health care reform, that actually contains costs for the long term? i believe that payment reform is one of the ripest opportunities. let me go into the background. basically, payers, both public and private, in the united states, have sending the wrong signals to providers of what they want