from coming in to east germany and west berlin, or into berlin, period. none of us were absolutely certain of the answer. i'd be very curious, in the documents you are releasing today, you have a document which actually shows that we thought that there was going to be a wall. i certainly did not attend any meeting at which they told us there would be anything like that. even though we all speculated there would be some kind of cut off in the middle of the city. on august 13, 1961, at 2:30 in the morning, i got a phone call. from the duty officer saying there is something going on in east berlin. you should go over there and take a look. in those days, a was a bachelor. i had a 190 sl. which of course is the way to travel into east berlin because you could lower the top and you could see much better than you could in a duty car which was a sedan. so, i got together with a friend of mine and we drove to potsdamer platz. there were a lot of police east german police, not soviet, dragging a lot of barbed wire across the square. i stopped them. i said you have

by 1962 he went through the berlin crisis. he would know what worked and what didn't work and he was ready to take the kind of action which you know. i'm not going to go through the details. you know the story of what happened in cuba. interestingly enough the day that kennedy made his speech or the next day, about the missiles, they began withdrawing from east germany. and they began quickly to pick up the pipelines. that will re-enforce that there was a connection there. in november, 1962, after the end of the berlin crisis, i happen to be in new york. i met with general clay as i often did in new york at the lynx club. we had a drink together. he believed that he would have never dared to try the cuban venture if kennedy acted more firmly in berlin. that's a bit of special pleading, i recognize. this might be worthwhile for you to think about. pushing back hard on every occasion when he would try anything was in clay's mind the thing to do in order to discourage the soviets from trying something else. clay, like kennedy, ke

i'm going to start with the berlin wall. and what berlin was like in 1960 when i went there. you can see there, west berlin is pail white. east berlin is matching the contours of east germany and the checkpoint charlie which i'll talk about and then, of course, the other checkpoint bravo with which we use only one time in this particular exercise. the berlin crisis began in 1958, when krusef said sign a peace treaty for berlin and germany and 5u8 the rights that the allies have enjoyed will pass to the gdr, the german democratic republic because they're the ones who are suffering in berlin and what he called the gdr. and if they do not agree, if the allies do not agree to sign that then i will sign the treaty with the gdr and they can impose their rules on whoever wants to come into berlin. this was a direct challenge. it created a lot of commotion in the west. it created conferences, one particular conference between eisenhower and this kruskhev but he got to a lot of other places besides disneyland and between eisenhower and the others they held him back for a while and not

berlin. it was here that tens of thousands of soviet troops are stationed, the very cream of the red army, ready to defend communism against the west in the event of a war that, mercifully, never happened. this theater used to entertain the russians who were stationed here. here, they could watch classic by checkoff or pushkin in their own language. the troops were drawn back home to mother russia. over the post cold war years, a great number of russians have chosen to visit, and even to set up home in the city that they dreamed about. berlin. a russian could feel quite at home in berlin. >> while living, working, and even partying in their mother tongue. it is full of russian speakers. >> this city is very creative and you feel comfortable here. >> vladimir came here in 1990 and says he is a russian in his private life and a writer by profession. >> to facilitate the administration of society, the americans invoke -- invented the electric chair. the russians, the home distiller. the germans,

we are going to solve the berlin problem. he went back in a message and said i don't know what this means, but we have to take it very seriously. the foreign minster in the meeting with kennedy which became famous because kennedy knew about the missiles and didn't tell him. he told kennedy that he was planning to go to the united nations that october and would hope at that point to meet with kennedy and settle the berlin problem. i have always felt this may be a bit of what they call special interest. that perhaps the missiles in cuba had as one of their missions it begto begin putting pressure on kennedy. that and the soviet forces on the west german and perhaps even to impress the goals were the kinds of things he would do to exert pressure on the allies to get them out of berlin. krushchev later told his son that he expected kennedy "to protest a little more and then to accept the missiles." he thought that kennedy would back down. kennedy by 1962 was a different man from what he had been in 1961. the evolution of young pr

has the leadership of the eurozone effectively been handed to paris and berlin? as those two nations forge policies little or no input from weaker members of the currency union. those certainly were some of the concerns on the eurozone periphery as german chancellor angela merkel and french president nicolas sarkozy met for talks here in berlin. but others are applauding the deal, strong leadership is essential to end the eurozone debt crisis, especially with bond market's excess -- injecting ever higher rates for a debt-ridden countries. as they draw closer politically, the two have been subject to increasing scrutiny and some lampooning as well. ♪ >> madam merkel -- [speaking foreign language] >> [speaking foreign language] >> only two of the high tablelen the roles of the diluted old lady in her darkened butler in an internet spoof of one of germany's favorite comedy sketches. here, it is not the aristocratic dinner guests missing. it is the other eu leaders. in real life, is seen sense of merkel and nicolas sarkozy want to be seen as the first couple in eur

abbas was locked on to berlin by president christian wulff. he's due for talks with chancellor merkel on thursday. he is looking for international support to stop israel from building settlements in the west bank. that is the main palestinian condition for the resumption of full peace talks. meanwhile, lawyers for christian wulff said it will publish the catalog of answers to journalist questions of the president's personal loan scandal. some 240-pages of answers will be uploaded on the internet. the president has been under fire over a private home loan and vacation stays at the homes of wealthy business friends. he promised full disclosure in a television interview last month, but until now, his lawyers have blocked the move. the berlin fashion week has kicked off, and alongside the traditional mainstay in fashion, a lot of petition will be played to green where an ethical levels. it is a trend that more and more designers are falling. includes a sequim material, applying fair labor practices, and using traditional made by hand techniques. w

the pirates ready to take questions from the berlin press corps. they have only been represented in a german regional assembly for six months now. their image, fresh and different. but they still need to get used to a political regime. >> routine can be difficult if you are a prisoner to it and cannot think beyond it. i hope we never get to that point. >> in september 2011, the pirates got political shock waves by winning almost 97 of the bout in berlin's regional election. since then, party membership has doubled to almost 27. the poll that over 5% nationally. so far, they have been tackling issues like civil rights and internet freedom. their leader admits they're working on proposals for big issues, like the eurozone crisis. >> we can honestly say that we are working on the answers. we do not have the answers. at the that is more sensible than it did settings and the prematurely and having to readjust later. " the pirates won to firmly anchor themselves in the german political system over the coming year. an upcoming regional election could see

berlin was his story to take over. he wanted to be in there and let them know who he was and so forth. and he was afraid to go there in the first place. he was afraid to go there. so okay, got in there, got his jeep all ready, and he wanted a dome to put on top of the jeep. so when he gets into berlin that they would take a pot shot at him. so they sent me to brussels. all of the airplanes blown down to the ground, i went to see if i could get the big dome from the back, to put on top of the jeep but they were all full of holes. and you couldn't use it. so i picked up other pieces of plastic and we made a door for the jeep. we modified a jeep for him. i had a beautiful picture to show, but they just didn't show. we modified the jeep to get ready to go to berlin and they didn't get to go. so before you went, he was getting ready. so much he owns two helmets. one he had for when he goes around and speaks and one for the front lines. and one inner liner. you go to inner liner in a helmet, okay, we got that liner. he wante

if you cut off east berlin we can live with that, just don't take was berlin are co he signaled to them clearly, take what you have to take to protect your soviet round but you don't want workers going to the west. do what you have to do but no war. it's easy for camp to say. we should have been tough the tough is not a metaphor. it leads to consequences. outside of that, the russians backed down are we back down or neither side ask down. the fear kennedy had gotten from reading barbara tok was wet launches countries and to world war ii and world war iii is each side does what it feels it has to do step-by-step and you create a ruth goldberg situation where both sides find themselves killing each other over something both sides did not want to do. that is where presidents differ from historians. >> host: we will continue on the major points of the presidency but now it differs and back to presentation. i remember going to the news conference. i didn't have the guts to think about asking a question. >> guest: you could wave your hand at that time are co. >> host: we think about the way i

gadhafi's berlin we can live with that. just don't take west berlin. he signaled to them pretty clearly, take what you have to take to protect your soviet realm in which you don't want any workers fleeing to the west you do what you have to do, but no more. it's easy for anyone to argue that we should have been tough. tough is not a metaphor. elise to consequences. outside of that, either the russians back down are we back down or neither side that count. and if you're kennedy had gotten was that launches country in world war i, world war ii, world war iii is each side does what it feels it has to do step-by-step and you create kind of a situation where both sides find themselves killing each other over something both sides didn't want to do. and that's where presidents differ from historians. >> host: we will continue in the major points of this president be. a little diversion batch of presentation. i remember going to the news conference. they had to think about asking a question they would hold in the new state auditorium. but we think about the wi

okay, cut off these berlin. we can live with that. just don't take west berlin. he signaled to them pretty clearly, take what you have to take to protect your soviet realm and you don't want anywhere workers clean to the west. to which you have to do, but nowhere. it's easy to say or for anyone to argue and say we should've been tough. it leads to consequences. any other story would've been better off in the nuclear war. outside of that is the russians back down or we got down there neither side backs down. if you're kennedy had gotten from all of this was world war i, world war ii, world war iii, the national progression is each site does what it feels it has to do step-by-step. you create a situation where both sides find themselves killing each other over something that both sides want to do. and that is where presidents differ from historians. >> host: we will continue on the major points. but now come a little diversion back to presentation. i remember going to the news conference. it would mean think about asking a question in the auditorium. to be at the b

acquiescing the berlin wall. but actually a year later you had the cuban missile crisis. you had an increase that the threat of nuclear war. because the leader of the soviet union and kruschev decided through what he had seen in 1961 that kennedy he could take advantage of kennedy. >>> what are lessons for modern policy makers from 1961? >> the united states shifts world events through actions and inaction. that the perception of american weakness is almost as dangerous as weakness. and in 1961, kruschev perceived america as weak. the american president as weak. even though we had huge military superiority, particularly in a nuclear sense and that led to a near nuclear war over cuba a year later. >>> fred, thanks very much. coming up, america's top >>> seals landing from a nuclear submarine emerging on pitch dark somalian beaches. special operations units teeming with kenyan and forces from ethiopia. a series of stories detailing america's secret offensive in the horn of offer ca. sean, -- of africa, sean, glad t

the roots go back to a jewish sports club founded in berlin at the end of the 19th century. it was banned in 1938 by the nazis, and many of the members were persecuted, even murder. after it was refunded in 1970, they may promoting dialogue between jews and non-jews a top priority. for the team coach, encouraging tolerance has benefits that go beyond sport. >> i believe that this board can make a major contribution towards that in certain sections of society. i am a little uneasy with the word tolerant. being tolerant means putting up with someone. you do not have to put up with anything. i respect my players and opponents, so i am not putting up with them. i am accepting them as they are. >> his players said the best way to earn respect is by winning matches. >> we are successful. we are a multi-cultural team, and that is the important thing. at the end of the day, i think we're also accepted when we're not playing soccer. >> the team puts tolerance to the test in germany, both on and off the pitch. >> and that is all we have time for this hour here on dw-tv. thank you for

if you go there i am going for berlin he made that explicit. >> host: you get to berlin but let's go to be enough. he meets the she meets khrushchev after the bay of p.i.g.s. and he says i can't take this kid. >> that is the assumptions begin your brutalizes him. >> and says there be 70 million people killed with nuclear war and he never blinked an eye. what else is new? he could not be the that he never met a person who thought nuclear war was another escalated battle which is another tough per battle that would shake anybody. and that is different from make. he come back to say it should of been brinksmanship by he had the upper hand. member the manifest coming out of his mouth? you could not be messing with the of a guy. headed toward the moon moon, moving ahead in arafat and we were ready to fight if they were ready to fight. he had to play with them in be careful about berlin because kennedy promised the german-american community that berlin was worth a nuclear war. it is easier to say that than fight it. in the end of think they wanted to. >> i think that was the number one goa

this further we're now joined live by political analyst christophe is on the line with us live from berlin thanks for being with us iran seems to be feeling the pain of the sanctions already how serious an impact could they have if the oil embargo does in fact go through. well as far as the oil is concerned the impact is not very big germany is taking a one point five million barrels in a year that's next to nothing the european union has four percent of the. oil imports done by iran or from iran so that is not really a threat of course if they close the strait of hormuz that is. more dangerous not for germany though we just in the zero from the middle east except a little from iran as i said two point six million barrels a year or so very little from syria. but it's not affected by the strait of hormuz but for the rest yes it has fifteen point five million barrels per day going through the strait and that is of course a very vital factor fourteen to fifteen percent of european overall of crude oil imports and that will hurt us define. what about the global economy as a whole. how much wil

to baghdad, called the berlin to baghdad railway. in those days, a railroad was more than just a means of transportation to a railroad was a military asset, a way to move troops. so, he also gave them a 40-mile, a 40-mile right-of-way on each side, and they had the berlin to baghdad railway company had the rights to exploit the oil. who owned the berlin to baghdad railway company? the deutsche bank. you need to understand this. because even today no one knows who owned or now owns the oil of mesopotamia. the deutsche bank had the right to exploit it. so, they're exploiting the oil. they are doing mineral surveys. they're getting ready to have a major drilling operation. and winston churchill says we need oil for our naval fleet. they used to say oil don't grow in england. where are you going to get it? mesopotamia, called the sultan and he said we want that oil. we want the right to dig up the oil. the oil is not out of the ground yet. the sultan said i can't give it a. i gave it to the deutsche bank. he said we want it anyway. break

or its troubles as well as going off reports from berlin. it looks like an ordinary scene at one of the many bars in berlin except there is one thing which makes this party totally different from all the others the parties they must get out of. the pirate part of germany that's right and this is an annual meeting of a political party and all these people are alone it's eighteen thousand members across germany like me treat who is tired of the mainstream and i was really disappointed in. all this the same way. the faces. and the firefighters are different one of its key differences apart from the style in general is a software system called liquid feedback allowing ordinary germans the opportunity to propose policies online the pirate stand for more transparency and freedom on the internet but when it comes to core issues like the economy and we don't have currently a stand on this this crisis maybe you will have after the. next federal convention but this wasn't a problem at the previous election for the berlin state problem a time when the

. >> reporter: nestled between the white mountains and the canadian border is berlin, new hampshire, known as the city that trees built. 10,000 people live here. >> ketchup. >> reporter: when nancy malone was growing up, berlin was a th thriving lumber mill town. >> it was booming. the houses were full. the streets were full. the restaurants were full. >> reporter: but in the past ten years it's become cheaper to make paper overseas and un unemployment here spiked over 10%. >> we're struggling. we're struggling with premiums and we're struggling with house payments, we're struggling with jobs. we're struggling. >> reporter: this river used to be lined with paper mills, but just about all of them have either shut down or been destroyed, taking with them thousands of jobs, residents, and a sense of stability. >> i make one-third of what i used to make and i'm working 25 hours a week. >> reporter: former mill worker louis cote wants the pr presidential candidates to know what it's like to work part time and try to pay a mortgage. romney, huntsman, and paul all visited berlin, but just f

following talks with mahmoud abbas in berlin, she urged both sides to resume negotiations. the palestinians have withdrawn from peace talks in protest that continued israeli settlement activity in the west bank. >> middle east peace talks have been stalled for more than three years. the german chancellor would consider it a success of current meetings restarting formal negotiations did not collapse. she was cautiously optimistic after meeting the palestinian president. >> there have been many attempts already, so we will not be discouraged. both sides are at least talking to each other again. that was not the case for many months, and we want to take advantage of this opportunity. >> mahmoud abbas welcomed the talks under way in jordan, but he accused israel of undermining the peace process by continuing settlement construction. together with the eu and u.s., angela merkel has called on israel to stop on building in the west bank and east jerusalem. the host of the preparatory talks, the king of jordan, was in washington this week to brief president obama on their progress.

the author of "kennedy and the berlin wall" a hell of a lot better than a war. next he talks about the berlin crisis of 1961 and an event hosted by the national archives in october of 2011. the berlin crisis is considered a milestone of the cold war by many historians. built in august of 1961, the wall straighted is the city in two parts. east and west. two months later in october of 1961, soviet and u.s. tanks

germany's angela merkel and france's nicolas sarkozy meet today in berlin on euro debt issues. this week, italy and spain hold their first bond auctions of the year. wall street will closely watch interest rates on those bonds. >>> traders will also eye greece where more crucial austerity measures must be passed. thursday's december retail sales will be the week's most closely watched data. >>> expect auto news and noise this week at detroit at the international auto show and tech buzz in las vegas at the annual consumer electronics show. elsewhere, bristol-myers is buying hepatitis c drug developer inhibitax. >>> regular gas jumped 12 cents a gallon over the last three weeks. >>> venezuela's hugo chavez says he won't recognize any -- over chavez nationalizing an exxonmobil project. venezuela faces 20 other cases on that tribunal. >>> and how's this for inflat n inflation? a copper penny minted in 1793, the first year the u.s. made its own coins fetched $1 million this weekend at a florida auction. not bad. >>> in health news this morning, sunday, novartis issued a voluntary re

nicolas sarkozy and angela merkel are having their first meeting of the year in berlin shortly. they do, of course, represent two of the eurozone groups, but given the financial power of their respective economies, their opinions seem to carry more weight than all the others combined. well, our correspondent in berlin, steve evans, outlined what the two leaders are hoping might emerge from this meeting. >> steps towards nailing down the details of that fiscal compound that they talked about in the summit last month. they want to get that thing done by the end of this month, to know exactly what it is, to show the markets what it is and how it will work, so they want to make progress on that. but also, they're worried about growth or the lack of it and rising unemployment throughout the eurozone. president sarcose see worried about rising unemployment in france, and he faces election in april. so they want to come out and say that they are certainly aware of the problem and that they're going to do something about it. i suppose the critics outside might say, if you're talking abo

welcome to the "journal" here in berlin. a look at our headlines this hour -- the fighting in syria continues, but moscow looks set to block a world appeal for united nations action. russian police detained dozens of protesters opposing vladimir putin's returned as president. >> and the ads loses for india's biggest ever arms deal. >> the united nations security council is to meet this hour to discuss a draft resolution on syria. it demands that the syrian president step aside, but already, russian delegates have dismissed the proposal, calling it a path to a civil war. while security council members debate solutions in syria itself, the violence seems to be getting worse day by day. and activists say recent days have been some of the bloodiest in syria since the uprising started in march. videos posted online claimed showed tanks firing on the streets, and explosions. government forces have retaken control of the damascus suburbs, pushing the rebels back from the edge of the capital. despite high hopes, the mission of the a

has been considered too big to fail at it it comes just days after the premier mario monti had met in berlin with german chancellor angela merkel and french president nicolas sarkozy where they stressed the growth prospects when it comes to credit ratings agencies there's a lot of indignation coming from e.u. leaders there saying that all of this is happening at a time when the eurozone is trying to get out of the crisis and they've put out bad news like this and in the past they have attempted to limit the influence of credit ratings agencies in the financial markets and if you remember they go back to the question the credibility of these agencies going back to two thousand and eight financial crisis the role that they played in that crisis where they had backed assets as well as financial instruments that were essentially junk still the investor confidence one of the most important aspects of all of this which is more often than not psychological than rational and if this is affected we can see a chain of events unfolding and unfortunately it might more most likely be negative . vestment

all holding their first meeting in berlin but concerns mount that a cash cow in germany is on a power grab in return for its investments. for the last twelve months were characterized by political and economic discontent ending in mass protests all across the world next we asked russia's foreign ministers commissioner for human rights for his assessment of what actually went wrong in two thousand and eleven. thank you very much for joining us today in two thousand and eleven we've seen a number of human rights violations taking place throughout the world and you monitor the implementation of human rights abroad so today i would like to talk about those issues that caught your attention in two thousand and eleven but first of all i want to start with domestic issues and what is your view on the protests that took place in russia after the parliamentary elections in the country under some of the force does extremely important to stress that the reaction of the authorities has been a very responsible one and i will say very measured well unlike the reaction in some other countries and we

and your survival is back on the agenda whether regions first couple didn't meet and berlin to discuss and commenting to school discipline rules.