soviet union invaded afghanistan, the soviet economy begins to spiral out of control. the 1980s are a very different strategic environment than the 1970s. what role did that assessment play in evaluating dramatic slow-moving changes in the soviet economy and soviet society both up to and leading pass the end of the cold war. >> look forward into the 90s. the military position, when he was in the office, i raised that because the basic output of net assessment says, comprehensive as possible work to flag a few emerging strategic problems, would still make time to make decisions about it so it has to be far enough in advance what the -- identify emerging problems on the popular side. focusing on emerging opportunities when the secretary of defense wanted to make specific decisions to exploit the opportunity to work on soviet weaknesses and couldn't make those decisions. and the technical revolution which was basically the emergence of precision strike capabilities based on precision, white area at sensors like joint stars and computerized command and control became somet

go over to the soviet union. the the fundamental.from this strategic perspective is that the cia was right always been a 6 percent and are producing time is on their side of the long-term. they would keep widening the gap between ourselves and themselves. /leisure and marshall were right that time was on our side and we did not have to take risks. "where we could with long-term. the fundamental strategic question. [inaudible conversations] >> you know, if you look at a lot of discussions going on the mid-to-late 80s on this particular subject marshall was talking in terms of the soviet economy going into chapter 11 repeatedly. that is one aspect of it. to help that he could have predicted that anyone could have predicted the downfall the soviet union the way it imploded particularly the timing that was well beyond what you could expect a reasonably expect. he was certainly right command after mentioned in the late 80s the defense bills going up to 30 percent. consider 40 percent. that that was more than we spent

with the soviet union. he said the following -- the only sure way to avoid war is to surrender without fighting. the other way is based on the believe that our system is stronger and eventually the enemy gives up the race. in a hopeful nation extends its hand and says, there is room and the world for both of us. think about that. that's exactly the way he came into office and faced the soviet union. the arms buildup he initiated was crucial and it was crucial to his being able to get across to the soviet union that you are not going to be able to win outside of negotiations. this is an arms race. we will win, you will lose. let's get serious about the negotiations. and you know what? i think that arms buildup had more to do with gorbachev's determination to negotiate than many people concede, because here is what gorbachev said to the politburo in 1985. we have this from the minutes of that meeting. the last thing we can afford is an arms race with the united states. we will lose. there in my mind is the in

russia is celebrating the 70th anniversary of the end of world war ii for the soviet union. this is a major holiday in russia. it is called victory day. and it marks the day that germany surrendered to the soviets in 1945. russia refers to world war ii as the great patriotic war. more than 26 million people in the soviet union died that is nearly a quarter of the population. today as many as 4 million soldiers still remain unaccounted for. the russian president, vladamir putin said victory day is russia's biggest holiday. today's parade, russia's premiere showing of its best, newest military hardware. let's go to matthew chance from moscow with more. matthew, first tell us what we will be looking for, looking out for today. what will happen? what sort of military hardware is going to be on display? >> andrew. first of all, the victory day parade here in 2015, marking 70 years since the end of the second world war, great patriotic war they call it here. just about now getting under way. behind me i can see a long line of armored vehicles, tanks, missle-launchers lined up in p

she explores the relationship between president franklin delano roosevelt and the soviet unions joseph stalin. >> so susan butler grew up in new york and received her m.a. from columbia university. her articles have appeared in "the new york times" and in parents. is also the author of east to the dawn and editor of my dear mr. stalin and she currently lives in florida. i started working with her over a decade ago when she's working on her first fdr and stalin book and as i was chatting again with her i reminded her we really bonded over trying to figure out the map room time coding system because when she's doing her book of fdr and stalin correspondence, she was committed and dedicated to making sure she knew the order of when messages left the map room come when they were received and did they see them or did they cross before the responded to each of the? that's how we bonded me many years ago in the archives. so it is wonderful to welcome susan back to hyde park to share with us her most recent work "roosevelt and stalin: portrait of a partnership." ladies and gentlemen sue butler

huge expectations in the soviet union -- former soviet union russia as everybody expected, going to pass democracy and huge sense of relief in the west. the cold war has been won. so we can celebrate. and you can even see this in the momentous change of mind of american voters. bush 41, loses to bill clinton. suddenly the man with experience with foreign policy -- without experience in foreign policy wins because 0 cold war is over. i wanted to explain how this relaxation complacency led to the revival of the forces of evil. there's a great book, the end of history, 18992 a best seller -- 1992 a best seller. it didn't work out because the whole notion that the history could end was wrong but what everybody including myself believed at the time, now it's time to look for the brighter future and all these battles all the wars have been won by the sacrifices of our great predecessors. every generation we have to fight protecting freedom and resisting forces trying attack our way of life, and we could see that during the clinton years, al qaeda was on the rise, and when clinton left office,

at that point, the soviet union collapsed. reagan, when he gave the westminster speech, said, "i do not expect an instant transformation." no one at the time thought it would ever happen. when it happened -- and this is the part which is really relevant to today's issues -- vladimir putin was a young officer in eastern europe when the iron curtain came down. he saw what reagan had done and he devoted himself to reversing reagan. how to reclaim great russian power. he knew that reagan had targeted the soviet economy, oil prices and natural gas. putin was going to build up the soviet and russian economy by high oil and natural gas prices. that is what he spent the entire -- his entire career doing. and he succeeded, to a certain extent. he used high prices to build up his military, to give subsidies to his retirees. he used high military oil prices to build up all parts of the soviet economy except the soviet industrial infrastructure. they never build factories. again, who buys russian cars or computers? nobody. they buy russia

we're going to allow that the restrictions are much more intrusive against the soviet union. first president bush had it right, trust but verify. that's what we'll do. even though you don't get everything you want on the ground you'll be ail to find out what's happening. >> never mind the way the republicans want to compare their policies with president obama, what about lindsay graham's views and senator rand paul thinks the united states should pull back the money it's spending around the world and be more circumspect? >> it's interesting i met with rand paul a couple of years ago, he asked to see me. he said i'm an eisenhower republican, eisenhower didn't go to vietnam even though lindsay grahams of the day said you had to go in and save the french. when the soviet union went into poland and hungary to crush the rebell yons, there were a lot of hard lines that said no have to roll back soviet union, castro in cuba they wanted to invade, and eisenhower knew not only wasn't true but he complained about the military industrial congressional complex that was trying to raise de

display russia's or the soviet union's might to the rest of the world. seriously modernizing its armed forces and that's what it wants to share here. t-14 armada tank. that is the new battlefield tank that russia is incredibly proud of. it actually broke down on one of the parades earlier this week, and high infantry kits, basically an opportunity for russia to say to the west you may not like us much at the moment but don't try and pick a fight with us either. >> rory, thank you very much indeed rory challands. >>> oversaw the operation from an offshore location. the reports didn't reveal the timing or location of the launch. if it's true though north korea would be defying warnings. >>> the bodies of seven people killed in a helicopter crash in pakistan have arrived in the capital islamabad. the arrives evere wives of the indonesian and marianna ambassadors were also killed. they say it was caused by a technical problem. >>> political pollsters taken by advise. lawrence lee reports from london. >> david cameron still in downing street and still prime m

cultural influence of the soviet union was minimal. cubans don't eat russian food or sing russian songs, and on a country they love american music, films, right now people manage to watch in cuba c.s.i. and other television programs that they like. and they tell me they love the american musicals. there is a memory, there's a cultural affinity, that they are not afraid of that. they may be afraid of other spects, but that one i don't believe that they are afraid of. >> on this side of the it straits of florida, is there an idea that cubans cling to the revolution, have less affection than they do when you talk to itself. >> in my experience cubans are proud of the two good things that the revolution did, which was extending the public health services and educational systems, to all levels of cuban society. that is about it. they are not proud of the political system. they'd like to see the return of democracy. they'd like to see the return of free fellow of ideas, commerce and travel. you know, it's a mixed bag. >> right now those ferr

max: that -- soviet union, the land untouched by modern medicine. i had some sort of a respiratory disease after another. bronchitis to pneumonia to some other stuff. every time i would breathe into a tube, they'd say, "oh, the lung capacity -- any minute now he is going to pass out and not wake up." between my mom and grandma, they were like, well, that is unacceptable. go do 100 push-ups, expand your lung capacity. my mom insisted i played a woodwind instrument to expand my lung capacity. i played clarinet. and somehow survived past the point where the doctors said we're going to stop predicting when he's going to die, since he seems to be surviving. emily: you were in chernobyl? max: i was not in chernobyl. i was a couple of -- pretty close to chernobyl. emily: you were there when chenobyl happened? max: oh, yeah. i was very much in kiev. i think it was about 90 miles. so it's pretty close. yeah. it was very anti-climactic, retrospectively. a couple weeks after it happened, it became this giant, terrifying thing. but, when it happened, it was a v

it is not just a conflict with a different powerful nationstate the soviet union which we faced , at the end of the cold war.

>> 70 it was a very big victory and the soviet union, it is a very appropriate celebration. it is unfortunate that it came at the time when putin is fighting a small little war in ukraine. and so those countries that were on the same side, 70 years ago now are being divided. and no western leader in fact is coming to moscow to celebrate a mutual victory, this is one of those ironies of history tragedies of history there. >> we see the chinese president xi jinping what does that symbolize? >> it symbolizes that russia is not alone. this of course is very transparent and very obvious those who fought with russia, fought with 70 years ago shunning the celebration. so vladimir putin needs to bring other people to say well, i'm still the leader, with not all the leaders together, not the west. >> do you see completelies of past celebrations? this is a very significant day for russian culture. >> it is a very significant day of russian culture. russia does celebrate victories in a big big way because it's never just about the victory. it's also the threat to anybody who wants to c

the soviet union was invaded. a military parade is under way. many western leaders were not at the celebrations because of russia's involvement in neighbouring ukraine. >> in the past decade principles have been ignored, those in vented after the suffering of the war. we saw attempts to create a polar world. we see the forces gaining momentum. all this is undermining stability. our joint goal should be equal for all countries, responding to regional and global basis. >> rory challands has more from moscow. >> helicopters, nuclear missile launch tanks, soldiers in uniform. russia is in the middle of an ambitious military upgrade, trying to make the armed forces better equipped and more professional. other departments are suffering cuts defense spending here has increased significantly, and this is a chance for russia to show off all that kit. another thing that is useful is rallying russians around the flag. it's difficult to overestimate the importance of victory day for russians. other historical anniversaries li

union. >> guest: the fall of the soviet union was not accompanied by a disseptember belling of the that system of prop propaganda. russian made decisions to avoid reckoning with it pest. never removed soviet monuments never prosecutors the communist party. that's an interesting story that russia assembled a case against the communist party to the tune of 80 volumes and then placed it under lock and key and decided to lead sleeping dogs lie. so the generation of people who grew up in the 90s had a schizophrenic experience of reality where their parentses on the one hand were going out and trying to make a living and trying to navigate a world that had become suddenly very difficult and very confusing and at the same time they were watching soviet movies on television when they weren't watching lattin american soap operas and in the soviet movies everything was so clear and beautiful and everyone was so beautiful. spiritually and physically, and all that seemed necessary to have happen is just to return to that imaginary period of total clarity. >> host: but the experience in eastern euro

soviet union was not only powerful militarily but money. people didn't know how weak was that. so think that today trying to actually say that we are moving into a new cold war era i guess could scare some people. no. no. no it's not exactly 1962 crisis in the caribbean. not ronald reagan, star wars program, and there will be some other right and also wrong. the line, the dividing line that the berlin wall has disappear doesn't mean we're not facing similar threats. so it makes more difficult to understand that this threat are real and while the free world today is much stronger than 40 years ago for the first time when the free world dominates the planetting are both economically and militarily, but at the same time we don't have the same political will. we don't have the same consensus of the public that there's an evil that makes us concentrate in opposing it. so we could feel indecisiveness unwillingness to even pay attention to these threats, and that's why here in america, or in europe, time and again we can hear the same voices oh, let's retreat. what happens to ukraine

it would've been helpful to the soviet union and their running organizations and... and factories and so forth. >> kroft: how often did you communicate with the russians? >> barsky: i would get a radiogram once a week. >> kroft: a radiogram, meaning? >> barsky: a radiogram means a transmission that was on a certain frequency at a certain time. >> kroft: every thursday night at 9:15, barsky would tune into his short wave radio at his apartment in queens and listen for a transmission he believed came from cuba. >> barsky: all the messages were encrypted that they became digits. and the digits would be sent over as... in groups of five. and sometimes, that took a good hour to just write it all down and then another three hours to decipher. >> kroft: during the ten years he worked for the kgb, barsky had a ready-made cover story. when somebody would ask you, you know, "where you from, jack?" what'd you say? >> barsky: i'm originally from new jersey. i was born in orange. that's it. american-- nobody ever questioned that. people would question my..." you have an accent."

he spent a period of time before the collapse of the soviet union. he was a lieutenant colonel he was in the backwater in east germany. he wasn't a prominent kgb operative. >> guest: he wasn't prominent but was very committed and don't think he left the kdb when he says he did. >> host: he said he left and then he said he left again. >> guest: exactly. and suggests maybe he didn't leave. and his story about leaving the kgb is infin it inly changeable and changing, and not credible at all. he was born into the kgb his father was an officer and then -- he had ambitions of joining kgb when he was a kid. he tried von as a high school student. he finally got recruited into the kgb when he graduated from university, and all he ever wanted to be was the secret agent ruling the world from the shadows. didn't want to be president of russia ruling the country openly. although he seems to have got an taste of it after a while. >> host: when he was in east germany when the wall came down and there's this famous, moscow is silent. they're there trying to figure o

population, one-eighth of the whole soviet union population was lost in that war. it was terrible. >> as we see these images, again, at the same time there's a message that many western leaders are not attend cing whi is part of an on going political standoff with russia. victory day does continue there in moscow. thank you for taking time with us by phone. >> you're welcome. >> one invited guest that did not attend this event is north korea's leader kim jong un. today he is praising a military success of his own. the test firing of an underwater b ballistic missile. calling it the time bomb on the backs of our enemies. details about when or where this launch occurred are unclear at this point. we learned this time of fiery rhetoric, we heard it many times from the supreme leader before. especially after successful military tests. for more on this let's turn to kathy novak live in seoul, south korea. tell us more about this test and what it could mean. >> well, george these photos released by official state run media appear to show the north korean leader watching

union on the united states requiring a full retaliatory response upon the soviet union. >> cindy placed a ring of ships around cuba, trying to prevent soviet premier from shipping in more supplies to his cuban allies. for four daunting days, the u.s. and soviet union stared each other down. act 26, khrushchev agreed to dismantle the sites. >> u.s. planes and ships have counted 42 rockets on russian bound ships. >> the immediate fear of war may have lifted, but the trade embargo remained. in 1996, cuba shot down two u.s. aircraft operated by miami based cuban exiles. the u.s. made the embargo stronger by passing an act which penalized foreign country that is did business in cuba. cuba felt the economic strain. in 2006, fidel castro's health began to fail. he handed over power to his brother. things took a dramatic turn in 2012 when cuba suggested it was ready to negotiate with the united states. soon after, president obama began lifting parts of the trade embargo. >> the most significant changes in our policy in more than 50 years, we will end an outdated approach that for decades has fa

i grew up in the cold war and the soviet union was dissolved. anything this possible. >> history changes and people -- you get the sense, sometimes, that the participants in this conflict feel their battle is entitled to be eternal. don't the personalities matter? as you say, sadat and begin unlikely people to be at the table. to broker peace. different personalities might have had different attributes going in that -- a reason to be more optimistic and may not have accomplished it. mr. yaw hue inetanyahu is said a difficult person, or are the issues so retractable. you're say, correctly, civil rights, came and went, soviet union came and went, this could come and go, but the personalities seem not -- >> this is why i'm trying to create this language for me to explain this. i think within the logic of war, you know, just recently, you know, netanyahu led the strike on georgia aand within the logic of war when you have missiles flying, then you retaliate. but missiles will always fly out of gaza until peace comes. and the other big area of confli

this book is a response to a policy that is not about obama, it's since the soviet union collapse. we overreacted. we said wacamoll. our allies don't know what we stand for, our adversaries are infringing on our interests globally and we have to determine what we think the country stands for. >> what you are describing seemed to work under the regan administration, a place where the foreign policy was clear and the wacamoll was consistent and we were beating people lack. >> look, i think when the soviet union existed even though some presidents were stronger, some weaker, we talked about voice of america, radio free europe making the world safe from communism, n.a.t.o. and others, it was clear we had an indispensable american, we were going to be the global police many, support our allies and promote human democracy and the free market. if you look around a lot say they want to do those things, but few that want to pay the bill for it. this is true in the middle eastern asia and all of the environments. geopolitical conflict. so many presidential candidates are really making talkin

union, but if there is one soviet accomplishment they're very happy to broadcast to themselves as a nation and to the world, if there's one thing they want to unabashedly brag about, it's about beating the nazis when they were still the soviet union. so there will be the biggest commemoration of that ever in the former soviet union in moscow, tomorrow. in britain today, in britain today, it was really striking. in britain today, they also held a large national commemoration to recognize this 70-year anniversary of the end of world war ii in europe. but britain also just yesterday had a huge super-divisive, in many ways, shocking national election that resulted among other things in the heads of three major political parties resigning last night. but today, in london, 12 hours after those election results shocked that country, all of that country's political leaders, including the ones who just quit last night, they were all there together, side by side, at this commemoration, exhibiting whatever it is that is the polar opposite of partisan politics. so this week, 70 years ago, it wa

victory day in russia marks nasser al-attiyah germany's surrender to the soviet union. many western leaders didn't attend because of their involvement in neighbouring ukraine. here is some of what vladimir putin had to say. >> in the past decade the basic international principles have been ignored. those invented after the sufferings after the war. we saw attempts at a neopolan world and forces gaining momentum. all undermining global stability, our joint goal should be equal stability for all countries, a system responding to growing threats >>> rory challands has more than the parade in moscow. >> helicopters, nuclear missile launchers, tanks, soldiers in uniform. russia is in the middle of an ambitious military upgrade, trying to make its armed forces better equipped and more professional. other departments are suffering budget cuts, defense spending here has increased significantly, and this is a chance for russia to show off all that kit. another thing that is useful is rallying russians around the flag. it's difficult to overestimate the importance of victory day

of nazi germany on the soviet union. in the immediate aftermath roosevelt understands, as does churchill, that the german attack on the soviet union provides an opportunity for the big coalition against nazi germany, so in august 1941 let's get the chronology straight here, all of 1941 several months before pearl harbor, churchill and roosevelt are meeting off the coast of newfoundland. instead of the big battle of sable island, you have american and british warships getting together, bringing the leaders of these two states together to think about what our aim should be and our strategy for defeating nazi germany. religious ceremony that was held a board a apple ship with the president and the prime minister there, american and british cruise together, headlines in the new york times, joint steps. they released the atlantic charter, which has eight elements to it. number six is the most important. again, this was before pearl harbor, august 1941. this is a public document, after the final destruction of nazi tierney, th

invaded the soviet union. a parade in red square showed off military hardware. unlike previous years, many western leaders did not attend because of the russia's involvement. here is some of what vladimir putin had to say. >> translation: russia's biggest ever victory day parade. 16,000 servicemen nearly 2-00 units of hardware 140 helicopters and planes. this from a leader who speaks against the rehabilitation of mill tarrism. in saturday's red square address vladimir putin praised millions of citizens that perished in the war and criticized those for meddle in global fairs, presumably the u.s. >> translation: in past decades basic principle s have been neglected more and more often. we saw attempts to create a uni-polar world, and now see military block thinking gaining momentum. 10 years ago vladimir putin sat next to george w bush. western leaders were noted by their absence. ukraine's crisis badly souring relations. plenty of other leaders came to shake hands with the president. the chinese leader, xi jinp

with europe on the verge of a new era, the signatories, including the soviet union made commitments to settle disputes by peaceful means. they reaffirmed the principles of the helsinki act signed 15 years earlier which included respect for territorial cavity and political independence and a pledge to refrain from the threat or use of force. those days with supplies the end of the post-second world war era. it is the date of the signing of the charter of paris the 21st of november, 1990. some of the -- as a new era dawned until 1991 were fulfilled. others were not. the old european occident divided as a result of the agreement reached by the three the u.s., u.k., and the soviet union, at you allalta, has grown together, unlike in 1918, no stone of economic -- zone of economic instability has emerged from -- [indiscernible] in fact, most of the region's democracies are part of the european union and the atlantic alliance. however, the addition of a community of peace stretching from vancouver to vladivostok from the great alliance of liberal democracy is not become reality. 2014 marked a

program 60,000 people and dozens of institutions through of russia the soviet union at that time. they had not understood the depth and breadth of the program. this is really bad so much depends on you. i you going to underestimate are told the president you need to worry. and because these people had been so right for so long and often times some of the few people who said, you know that bin laden guy i think is a real problem and they were left to believe. it was us. so hard to figure out. have confidence. >> next question. >> they are lining up. picture. >> a question about independence of journalists. how does it turns avoid acquiring a partisan bias? i guess the reason i'm asking is it seems timely. is the notion of independence obsolete or naÏve? and it seems it seems to me it is a bigger problem over time. that is if you are village assumed to be sort of biased, he gently so in one direction as they may be a tendency to accelerate. >> is it an obsolete assumption? >> it is getting to be. american press is more like the european press. pick up his paper. you know you are re

you know, reagan talked to be able to beat the soviet union. his staff said, we need to have a meeting about this, we need to make a plan. this is the greatness of reagan. he believes in the common sense of the common man. he didn't just believe it, he lived to it. they all came to him and said, this has to stop, we need to have a whole discussion. reagan summed up the battle with the soviet union in four words: "we win, they lose." if you ask reagan today -- when i go back the senate just voted on being able to hold the president in check for negotiations. [applause] if you ask reagan today, should he signed on the current agreement? i do not think he would use for words, he would use two: "hell no." you know what is ironic -- we have the democratic administration going through some of the same challenges that jimmy carter went through. both of those presidents won the nobel peace prize, unlike reagan, who brought more freedom to the world than those two presidents. there is a quality of reagan that every elected official should understand. he

at the stroke with europe on the verge of a new era, the signatories, including the soviet union, made commitments to settle disputes by peaceful means. they reaffirmed the principles of the helsinki act, signed 15 years earlier, which included respect for territorial integrity and political independence and a pledge to refrain from the threat or use of force. any date which symbolizes the definitive and of the post second world war era it is the date of the signing of the charter of paris, the 21st of november, 1990. some of the hoax held, as the new era -- hopes held as the new era dawned were fulfilled. others were not. the old european occident, divided as a result of the agreement reached by the big three, the u.s., the u.k., the soviet union, at yalta in 1945 has grown together again. unlike in 1918, no zone of economic, political, and military instability have emerged from a central europe. -- from east central europe. in fact, most of the region's democracies are part of the european union and the atlantic alliance. however, the addition of a community of peace spanning three c

in the course of the second world war the fuhr -- was diminished by the war against the soviet union in the winters of 1941 and 1942 and particularly by the defeat in stalingrad by the end of 1943. but it did not die. in fact, it even experienced a brief renewal of sorts, after the failed assassination attempt in 1944. many now believe that hitler might be allied with providence and only he could save germany. in the midst of the state, the final work before his death in the united states in april 1945, just a few weeks before the end of the war, german philosopher -- interpreted hitler's political career as a sort of triumph of myth over reason, and this triumph as result of a severe crisis. i quotes, "in politics, we are always moving on volcanic soil. we must be prepared for abrupt convulsions and eruptions. in our critical moments of man's social life, the forces that resist the rise of the old mythical conception are no longer sure of themselves. in these moments, the time for myth has come again. for myth has not been vanquished. it is always there, lurking in the dark and wait

you know, reagan talked to be able to beat the soviet union. his staff said, we need to have a meeting about this we need to make a plan. this is the greatness of reagan. he believes in the common sense of the common man. he didn't just believe it, he lived to it. they all came to him and said, this has to stop, we need to have a whole discussion. reagan summed up the battle with the soviet union in four words: "we win, they lose." if you ask reagan today -- when i go back, the senate just voted on being able to hold the president in check for negotiations. [applause] if you ask reagan today, should he signed on the current agreement? i do not think he would use for words, he would use two: "hell no." you know what is ironic echo we have the democratic administration going through some of the same challenges that jimmy carter went through. both of those presidents won the nobel peace prize, unlike reagan, who brought more freedom to the world than those two presidents. there is a quality of reagan that every elected official should understand.

and then to build a better piece in said right after reused afghanistan to defeat the soviet union for those to build a better afghanistan with us taliban to host did not ben -- bin laden the that was fertile ground for terrorist and we had a moral obligation and and not taking the eye off the ball. so we did need to occupy afghanistan. and dad is a safe haven. >> that trip is what got me started but we had already spent as a country tens of billions of dollars of reconstruction in afghanistan. in to see that evidence of tens of billions of dollars in kabul and to drive around the city there is no evidence of any improvements based on anything from economic reconstruction from the united states. it is terrible. i was thinking as a reporter where is the money going? then the reporters figured out it was calling from flights from the united states then going right back out to do by a. >> and to tell the stories of the gold rush that would cash in on the spending so we see that dubai corporations did very well with contrasting. but to listen attentively we have time for two or three. anyb

belarus still feels like the soviet union. not much has changed in the last quarter century. that's right and there is a monument to the founder of the kj be. -- kgb. this the headquarters of belarus. kgb. belarus never changed the name. belarus also kept some of the kgb's messages. during the last presidential election thousands demanded their leaders step down. president alexander lukashenko fought back. in the red jacket is one of the presidential candidates. as of the paul close, he was beaten, hospitalized -- as the polls closed colleagues beaten hospitalized and threw in a kbg cell. he has given up on revolution. >> when i got out of jail, i had one goal create a ukrainian style revolution. my plans were destroyed. ryan: he is more worried about the existence of belarus that democratic reform. >> the slightest attempt to carry out something that looks like a revolution here will lead to intervention. ryan: we are on our way to interview the president all belarus. i last interviewed him for two years ago when he won his second election pretty he is now on his way to his

belarus still feels like the soviet union. not much has changed over the last quarter-century. that right there is a monument to the founder of the kgb. this across the street is the headquarters of belarus's kgb. that's right. belarus never change the name. belarus get some of the kgb -- kept some of the kgb methods. the president lukashenko fought back. in the red jacket is one of the presidential candidates. as polls closed, he was beaten, hospitalized, and thrown into a kgb cell alongside other presidential hopefuls. today giving up on revolution. >> when i got out of jail in 2010, i had one goal -- organize a ukrainian style revolution. but the situation in you can has destroyed my plan. >> he is more concerned about the very existence of belarus than democratic reform. >> the slightest attempt to carry out something that looks like a revolution here will lead to russian intervention. >> we are on our way to meet the president of belarus. he is preparing for his fifth interview. after three years of asking for an interview, he is ready to talk. we have been invited to his

when people realize they did in the 50's when the soviet union sent up sputnik. suddenly, it's a national priority to catch up. charlie: a man on the moon project. >> were economic growth is right in the middle. charlie: what are the elements of that? >> investing in engines of growth. we have horrible infrastructure. interest rates are really low. charlie: wasn't that part of the stimulus plan in the first place? >> it was, but we thought this was a cyclical -- we came up with the concept. we signaled that this recovery was going to be hard. you drop your phone, you turn it back on, it's not going to come back on. the term has acquired elegance. they believe they can run the american economy for another five years. we will find that we get even lower growth. charlie: the likelihood of that? >> the current road ends. both are equally probable. the good news is that we have the ability to shirk probabilities in favor of a good outcome. but it requires a political will. charlie: we can't fix our economy until we ditch our politics? >> correct. charlie: it's a must

davies says he was conceiving political reform in the soviet union a liberalization, he went back to the principles of jefferson, to the very taxi ride is a college student and that they meant a lot to him. ronald reagan cap notebooks private notebooks that he referred to when he was looking for sayings to use body was president and even before. instead of facing a never meant for publication, president reagan revealed jefferson to be his views by equating him to reagan's political idea -- idea of an open society. these are reagan's words that jefferson meant to have an open society. he used those words in contradistinction that the soviet model directly. so here was break-in attacking the evil empire. and gorbachev alike at the same time responding to the inspirational thought of thomas jefferson. reagan i should emphasize founding jefferson a lover of small government. reagan frequently quoted from jefferson's first inaugural asked a democratic president who came before him. because of jefferson's first inaugural are both liberal humanists and small government elements. but reagan