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recently american history tv was historians of of american foreign relations. we spoke to graduate students about the research. amanda demmer, you are focusing a lot on the vietnamese and americans. let me begin with the benchmark of 1975, the fall of saigon. your research picks up after that. explained. ms. demmer: most histories of the vietnam war and with the fall of saigon. what my research does is begins with that moment and looks at this period that is often considered an epilogue, from the fall of saigon to present bill clinton announced relations normalized in 1995. the 20 year period and the role of refugees issues towards vietnam in that time. host: they just think part of the story is the normalized relations we now have with vietnam. ms. demmer: this is something that i think most americans aren't familiar with. nor relations with cuba were not normalized until very recently. after the war, policy makers extended the embargo to the entire country and refused to extend diplomatic relations to the new vietnam. really for 20 years, in the formal sense,

yes, i am doing the historical investigation of japanese american and a handful of korean-americans as well who were born in the states, but happen to be in either hiroshima or nagasaki in 1945 at the end of world war ii when the bomb was dropped on the cities of hiroshima and nagasaki. and their numbers are not huge, but substantial. there were somewhere between 20 to 30,000 asian americans, mostly japanese-americans of the second generations, but third generations as well who were in japan. actually, i should say in hiroshima. because actually, hiroshima as a prefecture is the area in japan of the time who had sent the largest number of japanese emigrants to america before the war started. so the 19-teens, '20s and '30s. out of those 20,000 people, there were about 3,000 people, japanese-americans who survived the bomb in hiroshima, and then later on decided to come to america, beginning in 1947. because america is obviously where they were born and grew up in. their history is very fascinating, although it's being relatively little known. fascinating in that it really changes our pe

but mostly american merchants just came to them. , there werese several hundred american ships trading with spanish-american ports on the eve of the uprising. and one scholar at northwestern university conservatively estimates that the u.s. sent hundreds of tons of powder and at least 150,000 muskets to south america during the war for independence. i think this is probably a genetic underestimate. underestimate. treaty obligations forbade great britain from sending any of this directly to spanish america. and great britain had the ability to police their port, so it is not that nothing went out, but not a lot went out. and it didn't need to go out because these british merchants could some please tell all the stuff to american traitors, and they then send it on to spanish america. the u.k. exported nearly 250,000 guns to the united states in five years. unknowable, but huge percentage of these must have gone towards the spanish-american independence in the early 1820's. so, whether through its own growing productive capacity or through re-exporting european made weapons, the united st

yes, i am doing the historical investigation of japanese american and a handful of korean-americans as well who were born in the states, but happen to be in either hiroshima or nagasaki in 1945 at the end of world war ii when the bomb was dropped on the cities of hiroshima and nagasaki. and their numbers are not huge, but substantial. there were somewhere between 20 to 30,000 asian americans, mostly japanese-americans of the second generations, but third generations as well who were in japan. actually, i should say in hiroshima. because actually, hiroshima as a prefecture is the area in japan of the time who had sent the largest number of japanese emigrants to america before the war started. so the 19-teens, '20s and '30s. out of those 20,000 people, there were about 3,000 people, japanese-americans who survived the bomb in hiroshima, and then later on decided to come to america, beginning in 1947. because america is obviously where they were born and grew up in. their history is very fascinating, although it's being relatively little known. fascinating in that it really changes our pe

call it the american dream. whatever you call it, the truth of the matter is it worked very well for 240 years as a country and it can work again. [applause] the genius of our country as plainly as i can state it is this -- that we take action in every generation to include more theur people more fully in economic, social, and political life of our nation. this is the genius of american capitalism as well. when it is not rigged, manipulated by the powerful wealthy interest, annapolis, or economic or a list at the expense of small and family-owned businesses. it is about fuller dissipation, fuller education, the dignity of every person, opportunity for all, this is who we are when we are truly ourselves. let me ask all of you a question. show of hands, how many of you firmly believe that you have enjoyed a better quality of life than your parents and enjoyed?nts raise your hands if that is true for you. almost every hand. let me ask you a second and tougher question. how many of you believe just as firmly that yo

freely boarded american ships to see if they were really american or pirates who just raised an american flag. for american to fight in the war of 1812, this was a serious problem. there are also lots of new faces between the two countries with respect to the two countries in 1841. in the u k, there was a new prime minister and the new foreign secretary. in the u.s., we had the third american president. a new secretary of state. a new ambassador the great written -- great britain. later became president of harvard university. a much later gave that great to our address -- two hour address just before lincoln gave his gettysburg address. everyone was new on both sides of the aisle. there were no personal relationships to smooth over the rough patches and to ease relationships. on the other hand, everything was new and right for a reset. just before the creole sales from richmond heading south to the atlantic, a 29-year-old charles dickens who is the most popular writer in the english world, i think i will visit the united states. let's look briefly the british bahamas. when the british na

native american people and non-native american people. and i think when you look at polls, we're very very misguided because we're looking at numbers. we're looking at several people participating in these things. the validity of them are just -- it's not there. and so always ask "would you lead a civil rights movement to uphold?" no because this is a movement. this is a change the name movement that is not going anywhere any time soon. [ applause ] >> when i hear terms like "overwhelming majority" and things like that and i believe you even mentioned some polling so i'm wondering where that came from. >> suzanne, why don't you talk about the annenberg poll. >> okay, we do know how to count and we do know our organizations have members, have con tich wentstituents that they're responsive and response to and responsible for carrying out their wishes and since the late 1960s and the early 1960s for some organizations, our major national native organizations have all been moving in the same direction and they represent the overwhelming major

is the tech industry hurting american workers? >> absolutely, it is undercutting american workers. >> how? >> certainly in a number of ways. h 1b visas, the research you talked about on edison, disney, syracusxerox, where i used to w. >> what is h 1b visa? >> it is a guest vees, it gives permission for employers to bring in worker for a period of time. the worker doesn't hold the permit. typically they have a bachelors degree or higher. for professionals white collar. >> robert hoffman, the h 1b was designed to help american businesses fill specialized positions, that's what they say, not to displace american workers but let's face it, that's what's happening, american workers are being displaced. >> you have to step back and look at the economy. just four years ago, the four pillars, ibm, oracle, microsoft, intel, had 4 billion workers among them. glassdoor.com, you will find 775,000 i.t. job openings in this country. skills report for 2015, they're going to need to ul fill 3.5 million -- to fill 3.5 million jobs. they don't thin

purchase an american house or a tip and american busboy. that is just being out of the american economy. it takes a circuitous route from american taxpayers to the u.s. government to the low-wage immigrant who need the support from the taxpayers and that's why they take the low-wage jobs who lives in apartment with five other immigrants and sent them back to the grandmother who then buys carlos 40% on the mexican stock exchange that he needs that money in mexico. they then buy a product and it goes into carlos pocket. can we just write a check to carlos? >> for people who don't know when i didn't know this until i read your look ann you tell the story of american immigration because you referenced it earlier. obvious for me that means my great big grandparents got here 1907 i believe and so the easy thing is to buy into illegal immigration data and illegal immigration goods. my grandparents and great grandparents came illegal and why that's no longer the case of why illegal immigration needs to be curtailed? >> your people are great other t

powerful, young african-american speaking for themselves. and then report to the force the party that has gone back to its mcgovern i roots. rejected the wing to great success. he became president and was reelected. but that has been marginalized for a long time it's really the liberal white wing of the party. they are focused on economics, post- occupy wall street arguments whether income inequality is the key issue that needs to be dealt with. and if you go back and look at the history, the vast majority of riots was killings by the police. mainly white liberal democratic party, you cannot bypass the issue. the force hillary clinton says it will be on civic justice. her 1st big speech. >> columbia university. forced bernie sanders reluctantly. the worst time of police interaction. surprising when you look at the democratic party's, it is retro, young people of color for showing dynamism within politics. we have almost the same sort of dynamic is the 1960s. >> ii want to push you a little bit because you mentioned the jesse jackson, george

african-americans always constituted roughly 23 to 25% of the population, so the vote for armstrongs in escambia county was never really with held. however, when the civil rights and the voting rights act are passed, that changed discriminatory laws. we tend to think that, well, that's the end of the movement, but it's not the end of the movement. the movement actually shifted. the movement shifted from a focus on dejurya forms of segregation, segregationly law, to de facto forms of segregation, which is segregation by proxy. i think that in all honesty that race relations in escambia county today, as they are throughout much of the nation are frozen in this state of fear. for whites, it's a state of denial. for blacks, it's a state of fear that the system could be used against them. what i hope that my study will do is force white leaders to acknowledge that, yes, power has been used unjustly in the past, that african-americans have reason to not trust -- have good reason to not trust law enforcement, that african-americans have good reason to think that they're still discriminated

japanese-americans were integrated back into the american community relatively quickly. as the country moved away from the precipitating event, the persecution got better gradually. what you see in this campaign is the opposite. we have one successful terrorist attack on u.s. soil 11 years ago, get if you look at such -- things never get better. never or the abuses curtailed. even further away from the 9/11 attack, things continue to worsen. you see far more fbi raids and arrests where the fbi creates and funds and conceals a plot that it tricks young muslims into joining, then they trumpet that they have dismantled the plot. then they put them in prison for decades, far more so now than 10 years ago. when you look at the form of material prosecutions, they are far more remote connections to his designated terrorist groups, literally 20 two-year-old muslim americans who upload youtube videos critical of u.s. foreign policy are being indicted based on the grounds of the youtube video encouraging support for terrorist group, done in coordination with them, therefore being

she has to be detached from her american colonies. since the american colonies want to be detached from great britain, it is here that the ofterests of great britain -- france and the american rebels merge. turn great britain to look eastward, play a role on the frenchn continent and in foreign policy. detached them from their colonies. ,his is why we have rochambeau among other french forces, marching down the american east coast. troopsision to send under rochambeau was made in january 1780, on march 20. sailarquis lafayette set to announce the arrival of a french army of some 5000 men under rochambeau. lafayette arrives in boston on april 20 8, 1780, and set sail, and sets out for moorestown, .ashington's headquarters 5000 troops stand under the command of washable -- rochambeau. after a journey is 72 days, these men arrive in newport. while the officers obviously find quarters, or the high-ranking officers find -- i'ms in the houses just showing those because part of my job was to identify .esources along the road while the high-r

yet the american treasury is about to shrink hamilton's importance. at the very same moment his story is being told on the broadway stage to rave reviews. >> i've seen the play, it's that good. >> i was blown away. it is revolutionary, it will revolutionize american theater. >> rock stars and a-listers lined up of the broadway premier last month of what's being held as a heartbreaking american masterpiece. the founding found story of founding father alexander hamilton. a score set to hip hop is undoubtedly boosting the program's profile but hamilton's life and history may be just as thrilling as the bells and whistles that help bring his story to life. >> he was washington's right hand man during the war for independence. a de facto chief of staff. >> educated at what's now columbia university. hamilton made a name for himself in the continental army. he was barely 20 when he became washington's closest assistant. >> he edited led the development of the most famous work of political thought, the federalist papers along with james madison and john jay

the american dream is slipping. it was 72% in early 2009 at the worst of the financial crisis. 64% this past december in spite of the improved economy. >> my mom wasn't around too much when i was little so i was mostly in my dad's custody, but he was always running around so i was raised by my grandmother. >> chris lawson from, a not so nice part of port clinton, ohio, did not grow up living anybody's version of the american dream. >> my dad was a little nuts. he's locked up right now. >> he's in jail? >> oh, yeah, he's in priss son. >> his childhood was chaotic a slog. >> i didn't have many friends in outkast. you know. >> he does landscape work but would like steadier job. in his early 20s, chris lawson is not someone you'd expect to be a big believer in dreams. but he is. or has been. ever since his 3-year-old daughter, camille, was born. he shares custody with camille's mother. >> since i've had her it's not about me any more. none of this, you know. i just got to make sure she's on the right path and i'm on the

the african-american community and white americans have a different expectation. there is just desire to transcend it and heal the past and say the past is the past but african-americans, the past is present and they wanted discussed. amy: i want to turn to comments made by president obama earlier during his address to the naacp plus in all convention were he spoke about racism as "the legacy of slavery and segregation." measure, about every the life chances for black and hispanic youth still lag far behind those of their white peers. our kids, america's children, so without hope,ated less likely to graduate from high school, less alert link -- less likely to be employed, less likely to have health insurance, less likely to own a home. and part of this is a legacy of hundreds of years of slavery and segregation and structural and equalities that compounded over generations. amy: that is president obama addressing the naacp. you were his press aid in florida, system press aid in the last days of his run in 2008. how do you think he has changed? as he disappointed y

the latest history news. >> recently, american history tv was at the society for historians of american foreign relations annual meeting in arlington. we spoke with professors and graduate students about research. this interview is about 15 minutes. >> cassandra good is the associated editor on papers of james monroe. she earned her doctorate at the university of pennsylvania. why is james monroe still such a significant player in american history? cassandra good: the first thing that people think of is the monroe doctrine, which still has ramifications today, but we joke at these papers that he is like forest gump. he shows up everywhere. if you look at the painting of washington crossing the delaware, he is there. the louisiana purchase, he is involved. the war of 1812. he is president. he just gets his hand in so many moments in the first 40-50 years of the country. >> why does he have a global view of the world? cassandra good: moroe was sent on his first diplomatic appointment very early in his career. he was not educated abroad, but he was sent to france by george washington and t

each week, american history tvs american artifacts visits museums and historic places. dedicated on march 17, 1941, the national gallery of art was a gift to the american people from asrew mellon who served treasury secretary until 1932. up next week visit the museum to learn about early american portrait painting and work of john singleton copley. dianne: hello. we are standing in a room full of portraits i john singleton copley, america's most important colonial portrait painter. i think as a look around the you can think back to the words of john adams 1817 who said when you see his portraits, you want a discourse with him, you want to asking questions and want toanswers -- you ask him questions and receive answers. in the early part of the 18th century, american early painters made ambitious but tentative efforts to capture the likeness of people on canvas because portraiture was really the only way to do that. it was the most type -- the most important type of painting in the colonies. there was a great flourishing of activity with johnson will copley that became -

the american spirit. battle.the payoff of the silent reward. many have fallen that this one may rise. this one may smile. this one may forget. this one may heal. this one may walk. this one may find a home. this one may find peace. ♪ said, i have surely seen the affliction of my people. and i have heard their cries by reason of their taskmasters. and i am come down to deliver unto at of that land delivered land. february, 1945. american objective corregidor. the general had an appointment with the past. ♪ corregidor, the name of a rock. but it is more than a name. the way valley forge and the alamo are more than names. of these men will be jumping into the middle of american history. those that live will be saying in the years to come, "i was there. i jumped on corregidor." ♪ -47 still emptied they maden cargoes, their way for g.i.'s who had crossed over from bataan. ♪ 12 days after we landed on the rock, corregidor is again an american fortress. ♪ a soldier's promise had been kept. a soldier's

military muscle or computer attacks on american targets. 54% of americans have an unfavourable view of china, and eight out of 10 respondents see america having serious problems with china on fairs fronts. der derek scissors and roberts manning are with me. can any of these be turned to america's advantage? >> we have a polo problem, it could be us. we need to fix infrastructure, and we have a dysfunctional political system. a lot of these problems are things we can fix. if you ask would xi jinping rather trade his box for president obama, he'd do if in a heart beat. china's problems are larger than ours. it might make sense to make it here than hire chinese workers. >> that is starting to happen in a lot of areas, partly because of shale revolution. companies that are energy intensive. cement, steel. chemicals, petrochemicals, you have seen a flood of foreign investment into the u.s. they take advantage of the gas. they are dependent on the cost competitiveness of the gas price. so that is what happened. if you look at the numbers it's impressive. and i think you'll see the investment

the american people don't get it. they know that it will cost us billions and billions of dollars that that it will mean job loss for americans. job loss for americans that is not a way to grow our economy. that is not a way to govern. stop governing from crisis to crisis. with that, i want to turn it over to my colleague from new mexico, the chairman of the dccc, mr. ben ray lujan. mr. lujan: good morning, everyone. i think what we're seeing yet again as our chairman and vice chairman remind us about the responsibility of governing is how house republicans have demonstrated all year that they cannot govern responsibly on behalf of hardworking everyday americans, putting infighting over governing and reckless positions over progress. the republican party is broken and speaker boehner's resignation is the starkest and most high profile example of that dysfunction and chaos. it's disturbing that speaker boehner was somehow not conservative enough for many of our republican colleagues. but let's be clear. this is not a s

the american dream. that is essentially what we want. our core values are personal freedom, economic freedom, and a debt-free future. host: john, good morning. i naturally independent caller, but i can only get through all the democratic line. i would like you to answer a couple questions that the gal before could not answer. if there is so much money in politics, how can i get some of that code rather money -- that koch money in my pocket? all labors -- all i ever money intoo much politics," it is their money, and it will not affect my vote one way or the other. if it affects all of these s folks, it's wrong. guest: we have been targeted by the irs. we understand that when that can have a silencing effect on people across the country. we have seen that happen firsthand. i think the best thing, right now, from what we can see, is that we continue to live by the rules, the way they are intended, and currently written, so that government bureaucrats are not changing them on the fly . when it comes to campa

you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every .eekend on c-span3 >> you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. to join the conversation, like us on facebook. on saturday evening, american history tv was at gettysburg college for a conversation with president dwight d eisenhower's grandchildren. they talked about his military and political career, his relevance for us today, his legacy and the grandfather they remembered. this is part of the eisenhower 125 commemoration, commemorating the 125th anniversary of his earth. it's about two hours. >> ♪ anthem] national ♪ twilight's last gleaming? whose braod stripes and

americans now fit into a bunch of categories. you may be an evangelical, but if you are unemployed evangelical, your issue isn't that, you're thrig about jobs. you may be an evangelical you may be anti-gun or pro-gun so you can't just appeal to people nowadays based on that alone. >> i remember in iowa, evangelicals telling me it's nice you lump us in an evangelicals we have other issues. >> as a woman you know i do feel like that the religious right has undermined my rights to control my own body and my own decisions. that does scare me that they have closed hundreds of abortion clinics in many states, it is a federal right, federal law that we have to protect my right. >> you're talking about women, there's a demographic reality that favors a democratic candidate, can you have a republican presidential candidate win but not one who stakes out a position too far on the right. how do republicans square that? >> the way that happens, the way the elect ralg map looks republicans can probably keep control of the house and senate but

american lives are worth nothing? i refuse to sit idly by while this administration leaves the safety, stability, and security of everyone, everywhere at the whim of iran whose neighbors fear them and allies consist of the assad regime and hezbollah. this agreement with iran would threaten all that we hold dear. i encourage my colleagues to join the bipartisan opposition against the iran deal and instead support the security of america above the dangerous desires of iran. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentlelady yields back of the the gentleman from wisconsin reserves. the gentleman from michigan is recognized. mr. levin: it's now my pleasure to yield four minutes to mr. rangel, to put it mildly, a senior member of our committee. mr. rangel: i ask unanimous consent to revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection. the gentleman from new york is recognized for four minutes. mr. rangel: my fellow members, this is an historic occasion for the house and very emotional time for me be

american lives are worth nothing? i refuse to sit idly by while this administration leaves the safety, stability, and security of everyone, everywhere at the whim of iran whose neighbors fear them and allies consist of the assad regime and hezbollah. this agreement with iran would threaten all that we hold dear. i encourage my colleagues to join the bipartisan opposition against the iran deal and instead support the security of america above the dangerous desires of iran. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentlelady yields back of the the gentleman from wisconsin reserves. the gentleman from michigan is recognized. mr. levin: it's now my pleasure to yield four minutes to mr. rangel, to put it mildly, a senior member of our committee. mr. rangel: i ask unanimous consent to revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection. the gentleman from new york is recognized for four minutes. mr. rangel: my fellow members, this is an historic occasion for the house and very emotional time for me be

but for every american until his untimely death. until his untimely death he was an advocate, activist who fought for the most vulnerable individuals and community among us. we celebrate his life and lasting legacy. i want to thank you, ms. jackson lee, for your leadership and thank you for yielding time. i thank the members for coming to the floor this evening. i yield back. . ms. jackson lee: let me thank the gentleman for his very thoughtful statement and setting the tone for the congressional black caucus that we will never forget our icons but we know to pay tribute is the highest honor for all of us, because we are here because of all of them. thank you, mr. butterfield, for your leadership. it's my privilege now to present and to yield time to representative charles rangel, who needs not a long introduction, but it's important to note that he has led on so many issues, the chairman of the ways and means committee, but a dear friend of congressman stokes and one of the founders of the congressional black caucus for which, if y

>> guest: i think at columns from african-americans. people call me a sellout seems i can't even say. there's also threats i received, next time i see you i am going to eat you that have up. it is not going to stop me from delivering the message of liberty. >> host: more from her book, why people commit liberal or conservatives. they are free to flirt with communism or socialism, too. why is that they seem to have more choices than i'm supposed to have? why can't the black woman questioning outrageous spending of government. >> guest: we should all question it. i think when i wrote my book or that was about 16 or 15 trillion now it's over 18 trillion. we have government spending out of control and that is something american need to recognize because we are in bed. we have to pay that money back. this is a burden on our children and grandchildren of future generations. >> host: why do you say you don't have the option? >> guest: i do have the option. all americans should have the option of whatever they believe then, but to be afraid of

somebody changes the direction in which american history is headed. there is a reason lincoln has to falsify history in order to win the civil war for to justify because he claims the war that the union precedes the states, and the confederacy has a pretty good argument, mainly the confederacy chlamys the civil war is the second american revolution to win back their own sovereignty. it is in the end war about slavery. i am on that side with the confederate flag so don't get me wrong. we are not a nation in 76. patrick henry at the virginia ratifying conventions as opposing, he opposes the constitution. suppose we do this and virginia delegates in the senate and house all vote against a tax bill and it passes. then we have been taxed without our consent because he doesn't think that he is an american. he thinks he is the average union. jefferson fought that way too will he said i want to get out of philadelphia, don't want to write this document, i want to go back to my country, his country is virginia. so that somehow we got to explain how history is

we visited a museum. >> i'm the professor of history at american university and director of american university's nuclear studies institute. i began our institute back in 1995. the institute was born in the midst of the controversy around the exhibit which was going to be held at the air and space museum at the smithsonian but it got canceled. this was an attempt by the smithsonian to do an honest and balanced exhibit about the decision to drop the bomb and the consequences of the atomic bombing. this was in 1995. this was the 50th anniversary. in the midst of that, i decided with one of my students whose mother and grandmother survived the atomic bombing and her grandfather died, she and i decided we were going to do something special to commemorate the 50thance v ancniversary. while we were planning this, the smithsonian exhibit got canceled. the museums in hero hiroshima a nagasaki asked if we would do an exhibit here on the 50th anniversary. that was the first time they did an exhibit outside of japan. they have been doing one every year since. this is the 20th anniversary of our

like american foreign policy. >> i like america, i like american muscle cars, i don't hate america, and my friends do. 57 years have passed since the revolution. the americans if they are 40 years or younger they have no memory of the shah's regime. they don't have a memory of americans doing bad things in iran. and now we have the nuclear negotiations. this is actually an opportunity for the west. >> and now that a deal with iran is in place, some hopes there is a new direction in this history of hostility but it won't happen overnight. in 2 pou 3 i had a chance to >>> 2003 i have a chance to work as a journalist in my father's native land of iran. one demonstrator was killed in the southern city. many of these women feel their voices haven't been heard. people ask me where are you from? should i really say america? i was in my home on january 31st when at 9:00 in the morning four men from the intelligence ministry came to my home. i would be taken to evan that evening. >> iranian american reporter roxana saberi jailed in tehran. >> i was jailed for several hours blindfolded, facin

it is the american tradition. john: until 1882 when we levied a head tax for the first time on 50 cents on each immigrant and excluded idiots, lunatics, convicts and persons likely to become a public charge. >> almost impossible to talk about the history of immigration restriction without addressing the subject of racism and white supremacy. john: there was a chinese exclusion act. >> begins with the chinese, and the origin of the war on drugs, by the way. john: thank you, jeffrey tucker. most americans might not like his argument, most think our national borders are sacrosanct, mostly because people got drunk. with we return, my next guest will explain. that do you suffer from constipation or irregularity? trust dulcolax® for dependable relief. try free at dulcolaxoffers.com dulcolax® stool softner makes it easier to go comfortably. hurry! try free at dulcolaxoffers.com. dulcolax®. designed for dependable relief. dulcolax®. designed for dependable relief. good. very good. you see something moving off the shel

world war ii american concentration camps were built for the is 20,000 japanese and japanese americans without due process or guilt, our community was dispersed and imprisoned because japan's action automatically made us enemies in america. and by the way, in 1970, this story was not included in our encyclopedias. 20 years ago when my son attended uc santa kruz in a class discussion about the concentration camp, several students challenged the idea that such a thing that occurred here in america. it never happened they said. on the other side of the other world, the people, the civilians, my step father, my uncle and my mother saw destruction and death in a flash. it creates a world of nightmares -- we cannot minimize the horrors that the women in comfort women suffered. we with not deny their unimaginable pain and suffering. we have stories to share as caution to the rest of the world. we are compelled to educate so future generations will read about the gruesomeness of war rather than experience it. grandma lee is the strength and power of this spirit. there's nothing that can replac

he advocated for the rights of african-americans. salmon chase presided over the impeachment trial of andrew jackson. the story of how this grave marker came to us is an interesting one. one of my favorite stories at the museum. the grave marker was found as a construction company was digging for a retaining wall. they excavated it out of the ground. it was essentially deposited as trash, garbage. it was used after salmon chase was moved to cincinnati from his original burial place in washington dc. three years ago now, the marker was found. it was graciously saved and preserved by the construction manager at the site, who contacted the national underground railroad freedom center with interest in donating it to us. it came to the freedom center, went directly on display, and will be permanently on display in the gallery. we have moved upstairs to our permanent collection storage at the freedom center. the past several years, our collection has continued to grow and grow. we are able to display a lot of items that we own for visitors

betty: americans and the american public still have a mistrust of the chinese. a pew center poll recently said 54% of americans view china unfavorably, so how does the president plan to change that perception? mr. yang: the results of opinion polls change from time to time and from place to place. my understanding of american society is there is a deep awareness of the importance of nurturing a better relationship between our two countries, so i believe that the american people attach a great deal of importance to the visit. of course, we have had some early harvest of this new model of the relationship between us. for instance, the trade between the two countries has grown quite a bit, and there are more student exchanges between us, and on the international scene, there has been good coordination between china and the united states, from the middle east to some parts of africa, from afghanistan to the korean peninsula, so a better relationship is in the interest of both of our peoples and the world. of course, a relationship cannot be free from any problems. e

african-american wealth and most wealth in this country is wealth in housing equity, african-american wealth is 5% of white wealth. income, the ratio is 6% of wealthiest 5%. that's almost entirely attributable to explicit federal racial policy that prohibited african-americans from gaining the equity that the white families, their descendents can sell them for $500,000 gained. what would it take to remedy this kind of policy? simply saying we can't discriminate against african-americans is not going to remedy this policy. i'll kill you what everybody would look like a remedy that would meet constitutional standards that even john roberts says if it's governmentally sponsored, then there's a constitutional obligation to undo it. the federal government should go out and purchase the next 23% of homes that come up for sale in levittown have had to pay $5000 whatever they should become every cell to qualified african-americans for $125,000. that would be -- [applause] that would be affirmatively furthering fair housing in a way that is constitutionally required. it's completely politicall

also, a look ahead at california's saint to be, and why many americans knew him as a sinner. >> you could be flogged for a bad attitude. a lot of people died. >> what kind of saint would allow that. >> i think he was guilty of excesses of punishment >>> "america tonight"s michael oku with a mixed blessing. i'm joie chen. st. patrick's church, washington d.c. may seem like an obvious place for the papal visit. it's the oldest parish in the capitol hill and president's and other a list guests. when pope francis visits, it will be a first, even for this church. that might not be surprising when you consider that pope francis, in his short tenure as leader of 1.2 billion catholics has been a ground breaker. a game changer for the church. in our special week of coverage "america tonight" seeks to find out who pope francis is, and will look at the changes that he's made in the church. we begin with "america tonight"s sheila macvicar. >> father matthew, like pope francis is a jesuit. he's a professor of government at georgetownniversity, one of the most prestigious jesuit schools in america. he

so having one what now i call the first american afghan war having certainly not one the second american afghan war i am very concerned that we are setting the scene and setting the stage for what will ultimately have to be another, a third american afghan war. as brad alluded to a couple of minutes ago this book was a long time in coming especially for somebody who knew he was going to write it back in december of 2001. but on balance as i look at now i'm glad i waited because if i had written this book when i first got a government in 2006 in 2007 as i originally intended it would have been a very different story. essentially it would have been an adventure story and i hope still lives at its heart but now with what we know and the perspective we have of time that adventure story one persons perspective is bracketed in a much larger geopolitical story, the story of the first american afghan war how were why it was that we won it, how we lost our way and failed to win the second american afghan war and how we may be forced to fight a third. thank you all very much for your patience and

are there ordinary americans that are just curious. who are willing to go through security and line up and wait all morning to see the pontiff? in >> there have been a variety of people we have seen here talking. americans people from around the world, i met a woman from argentina, who planned her trip to d.c. around the pope's visit and really made this the centerpiece of her visit to the capitol this week. and others who have done this before. they have visited. they have come out, and waited to see other popes who have visited the united states, pope benedict for example, and another woman said she had seen pope john paul, and she said it was out of the question for her not to travel here to see pope francis, who has seemed toen guise a lot of catholics here in the united states, and also has brought up issues that they are not used to hearing about. his views on climate change that we have been talking about. the first pope to really use scientific evidence and talk about scripture to talk about the responsibility that ordinary ame

so the average american feels that maybe the american dream is disappearing for them. problem is what we call shared prosperity. we need to both grow the economy and broadly shared prosperity that creates. host: talk about your findings about whether this is a priority at least for those who responded to the survey, graduates of the harvard business school, who often go on to start their own businesses or serve at the highest levels of businesses in the country. guest: i am very pleased to have an insight into the business world at the harvard business school because business is such an important component of driving our competitiveness, both on the growth and shredded -- shared prosperity peace. what we found is that business really thinks that shared prosperity is a problem, not just for the country, but for their own businesses. this was true among all the respondents. we note that it is a critical part of competitiveness. is aware that they maybe can do something about it. the respondents to the survey from the harvard business school -- in this report, here is one

you have african americans killed while in police custody. that is unacceptable and that has got to change. [applause] >> we need major, major reforms in criminal justice. i was a mayor and worked with the police department. the vast majority of the police officers work hard. many are underpaid, many are overworked, many have crazy schedules, and they are trying to do their best under the typical circumstances, but like any other public official when a police officer breaks the law, that officer must be held accountable. [applause] >> and when we talk about creating the nation that we must become, many my view, we have to understand that we have 11 million people that are undocumented and in my view, we should not be demagoguing those people, we should not be attacking them in vicious language, we should not be calling them rapists and criminal when the vast majority are hard working, and in my view what we need to do in this country is move toward to a comprehensive reform and path towards citizenship. [applause] >> all of you know, i wish i

so traditional and yet in the native-american tongue. it will go from there and the mass will sound more like a traditional mass. this is the first time pope francis is celebrating mass in u.s. soil. so as the day continues to be significant for that reason as well, antonio. >> thanks, libby. first mass on u.s. soil. he has a couple of masses coming up that will be larger especially in philadelphia. >> slulgs. absolutely. this is the last event of the pope's first day in the united states. we're seeing a lot of themes repeated. tomorrow as it go the right of immigrants and civil liberty and climate change. with junipero serra the roll of the clergy and clergy sex abuse coming up. >> look being forward to the next few days, father dwyer, he's already been to the white house and tomorrow he goes to congress and he's going to the u.n. and ground zero and going to harlem and a mass after madison square garden and two very large masses in nil philadelphia. it's quite a trip. what's the highlight of it? >> i see a highlight is that folks here

, a greek american president, a jewish american president. i can go on and on in that regard. via theappropriate, media and various denominations in our country ascribes what a leader should be. the tremendous prejudices that we have dictate who should be a leader. biasesently, i think the that have been fostered by the media, by various denominations, sets the premise for what we think a leader should be. we have never had an italian-american president. i can continue and go down the line. affectrejudices i think what we are looking for. we martin luther king said, should judge a person on the content of their character and enough of this political correctness. let's judge a person on their moral correctness. , theiroral character intelligence and leadership qualities. that is my comment for today. host: carol on twitter says, i don't factor in religion because one possible religion does not necessarily mean having scruples. jeff writes that the anti-muslim comments reflect the caller's ignorance. we have to practice the quality we preach. a

but it's not good enough for the american people. not even close. in fact, the public opposes the proposed deal by a 2-1 margin but not because they're clamoring for war with iran. the truth is that most americans would prefer a diplomatic solution to the problems posed by iran's apocalyptic nuclear ambitious theocracy. but this is not a diplomatic solution. this diplomacy won't solve anything. i would note, mr. president, that the public's overwhelming opposition to the iran deal did not catch the obama administration by surprise. in fact, public opposition to the deal was one of the primary administrations -- one of the primary reasons why the administration decided not to submit the agreement to the senate for ratification as a treaty. when secretary kerry testified before the senate armed services committee just a few weeks ago, i asked him to explain why the agreement with iran was not submitted to the senate as a treaty for ratification, ratification requiring two-thirds of the members of this body to support it. his answer was, in effect, to

american spirit so we do that with documentaries, now food events and live music. so for us we try to have as many windows and doors open for people who really learn about the asian american experience. >> we have emphasized before that's not just films, you do have a lot of the cultural events and we will talk about those. let's talk about the films, we have a number you will be showcase thg yeemplt give us an idea in templts type of films you are looking for to showcase. >> we're doing caamfest in san jose whachlt we wanted to do is taylor a festival to the south bay audience. as we're selecting the films or whatever programs we do think about that but we also want to have a diversity within the story telling. they will see horror films, romantic comedies, they will see the gamut. >> that's important, too. i know a lot of people expect documentaries and they don't expect maybe films, you know, dramatic stories being played out by actors. that's really good to see that broadening out for artists especially. >> yeah, absolutely. >> now, we do have the one documenta