and japanese bases against the soviet union. when there was a protest that this was not in keeping with japan's professed neutrality, the japanese condemned the united states actions and band the future use of japanese soil as a base for u.s. attacks on soviet courses. but then, japan decided to take two aircraft carriers into the ports and o socko not a defensive action, but it was regarded as a serious violation of neutrality and they attack japan. then the japanese government made a decision to fully take obligations and pledged to use it self-defense force to protect united states forces in japan. these are hypothetical scenarios used for wargames. nevertheless, a repeated appearance of this name clearly indicated that the united states planners took this seriously and examined how best to prevent japan from getting neutralized and, if it did, how to fight a global war without participation. it is hardly surprising that the u.s. planners were concerned about the neutralization of japan. first, despite japan's acquisition of

of the soviet union in the 1970's. brown argued we needed to pursue civility with the soviet union by achieving parity. -- for ourt he allies to even know the united states needed to control the high seas, the navy, on the sea denialwas as force. union,r with the soviet not anoviet navy was option. let's go to the next life. ok. going back to the 1950's, the eisenhower administration implemented a new look. the air force got a budget to build a be 57 b-52 bomber. the navy wanted to play in the strategic integrated operations as detailed in fisa admiral jerry miller's book. put nuclearwe weapons aboard ballistic submarines. the mission of defending the motherland from nuclear bombs. nuclear subs and combatants could go after our [indiscernible] ganwhile, the best in stata -- strategy was implemented. a general war at sea with the soviet union could go nuclear fast. the navasota, i served on a ship that had the slogan [-- had a slogan "the next war is on us." one of the challenges operating with the capability of the wes

cubans became heroes in the soviet union. it was like the david challenged goliath. >> in the years since he took power, fidel castro has become an enemy of the united states. >> in cuba, you have fidel castro who's tying himself to the soviet bloc. which seems to be threatening the united states by the possibility that they're going to export communism to other south american countries which are in many instances anti-american. [ speaking foreign language ]. khrushchev is saying that you have to understand that cuba matters a lot to us. don't mess with cuba. khrushchev was not just using rhetoric. the eastern bloc was supporting castro with military assistance. >> many latin americans were shocked to find out how much communist equipment castro actually has. >> the sense was that kennedy had to do something about castro. >> when kennedy comes to the presidency he's briefed on the fact there was a plan in place to topple castro. >> but the plan that's presented to him is not what he wants. it's a huge invasion on a noisy beac

the soviet union attended to keep u.s. forces that they by -- at bay by establishing 2 defense lines to control this blue zone, right here. china is creating two defense lines, like here and here, on these island chains to deny u.s. access. but then, the soviet economy collapsed. as a result of the arms race with a much wealthier western country, including the u.s. and japane, today the u.s. and japanese economy might go broke because of the arms race in china. the soviet union was a sophisticated military superpower, capable of reaching a global nuclear war. it is a long way for china to become a similarly capable superpower, involving conventional and nuclear realms. most of all, while the united states and soviet union were in the cold war, the united states and china, are not. based on a good understanding of those of those similarities and differences, we can learn lessons from the cold war experience and find a way to maintain peace and security in the asian pacific region today, while shaping mutually beneficial rel

music took down the soviet union. who will. >> unique american creation had nothing to do with bombs or missiles will or even politics really are. they said i couldn't dream. called me a piece of trash and swore that's all i'd ever be. said a bottle couldn't see the ocean. "give up." "go back to the dumpster." but i didn't listen. i made my way. and now... i'm what i've always wanted to be. [waves crashing on beach] john: oppressive governments are reality over the world. some fights and with gunmen after with embargoes. this set so sorry to spend mixed in as we debate what to do about q. but it's good to think about the last communist regime which was the soviet union. many conservatives that have failed because of ronald reagan's military and that probably did play a part but economics consumerism and even music may have played a bigger part. that's a theme of rocking the wall a story of music's part in bringing down the berlin wall. >> would finally preach that wall in part was the most innocent and unlikely thing

and soviet union enjoyed conventional parody. there was not a need for the nuclear forces because the u.s. could defeat the soviets in a straight-up tank battle or a regular fight between their armed forces without having to escalate to weapons of mass destruction. reagan expressed this to british prime minister margaret thatcher. she's surprise and a little upset. she's very concerned about this conventional imbalance. so she's talking to reagan telling them that they can't possibly eliminate the weapons because without that europe would become destabilized and there would be nothing to check a soviet advance. right season dismissive of the prime minister's claims. instead he rems that he read "red storm rising" so she can better understand what the new strategic situation looks like. so tom clancy would really fill two roles for the reagan administration. it communicated his policy to a broader audience and also provided an imaginative space for the presidents and others to war game and test their strategic principles. clancy w

music took down the soviet union. who will. >> unique american creation had nothing to do with bombs or missiles will or even politics really are. john: oppressive governments are reality over the world. some fights and with gunmen after with embargoes. this set so sorry to spend mixed in as we debate what to do about q. but it's good to think about the last communist regime which was the soviet union. many conservatives that have failed because of ronald reagan's military and that probably did play a part but economics consumerism and even music may have played a bigger part. that's a theme of rocking the wall a story of music's part in bringing down the berlin wall. >> would finally preach that wall in part was the most innocent and unlikely thing of all, the unique american creation that had nothing to do with bombs or missiles are even politics really. rock 'n roll music. >> rock 'n roll is freedom. >> mic musician larry schweikert helped make that film and here curious when he was a drummer with rampage and here

the soviet union attended to keep u.s. forces that they by establishing to defense lines to control this blue wall right here. line,e outer defensive operating to defense lines like the first and the second island chain to deny u.s. access. but then, the soviet economy collapsed. including, the u.s. and japan. and japaneses. economy might go broke as a result of that. was aviet union superpower, capable of a raging a global nuclear war. tois a long way for china become a similarly capable superpower, involving conventional and nuclear. all, while the united states and soviet union were in the cold war, the united states and china, are not. ofed on a good understanding those of those similarities and differences, we can learn lessons from the cold war experience and find a way to maintain peace and security in the asian pacific region today, mutuallyping beneficial relationships among the west, japan, and china. in the following one plus hours, we will discuss the cold war in the pacific, and how to cook create peace in the

music took down the soviet union. who will. >> unique american creation had nothing to do with bombs or missiles will or even politics missiles will or even politics really are. sfx: loud poorly played electric guitar that sounds awful but a lot better than last week ♪rock guitar music ♪we weren't born to follow john: oppressive governments are reality over the world. some fights and with gunmen after with embargoes. this set so sorry to spend mixed in as we debate what to do about q. but it's good to think about the last communist regime which was the soviet union. many conservatives that have failed because of ronald reagan's military and that probably did play a part but economics consumerism and even music may have played a bigger part. that's a theme of rocking the wall a story of music's part in bringing down the berlin wall. >> would finally preach that wall in part was the most innocent and unlikely thing of all, the unique american creation that had nothing to do with bombs or missiles are even politics r

music took down the soviet union. who will. >> unique american creation had nothing to do with bombs or missiles will or even politics missiles will or even politics really are.[alarm beeps] ♪ ♪ the intelligent, all-new audi a4 is here. ♪ ♪ ain't got time to make no apologies...♪ every year, the amount of data your enterprise uses goes up. smart devices are up. cloud is up. analytics is up. seems like everything is up except your budget. introducing comcast business enterprise solutions. with a different kind of network that delivers the bandwidth you need without the high cost. because you can't build the business of tomorrow on the network of yesterday. because you can't build the business of tomorrow burning of diabetic nerve pain, these feet were the first in my family to graduate from college and trained as a nurse. but i couldn't bear my diabetic nerve pain any longer. so i talked to my doctor and he prescribed lyrica. lyrica may cause serious allergic reactions or suicidal thoughts or actions. tell yo

and finally, with moldova, formerly a socialist republic inside the soviet union. brian: if an american wanted to go to romania on vacation, and they have ever been there and didn't speak the language, what would it be like? robert: they would have a wonderful time. brian: what about the language? robert: english is widespread in romania, particularly since 1989. that is the language to know in -- and most young people have a working knowledge of english. they would fly to bucharest, they could rent a car and drive north, the beginning of transylvania and go through the carpathian mountains and drive up through the painted monasteries to the northeast and northwest to the wooden churches. it is lovely and it is visited but it is not yet on the international tourist map so that you will not encounter hundreds and hundreds of tourists. brian: how are the accommodations? robert: they are better and better. there are boutique hotels spouting out in the countryside. brian: you wrote, the ultimate purpose of human existence is to appreciate beauty and beauty requires a s

and most importantly, with the soviet union, what was then the soviet union, because there had been a series of soviet leaders with whom ronald reagan had no communication and there was potentially crisis after crisis and she saw an opening when g h gorbachev came into power and she's one of the key figures with one of the key figures who pushed for the first summit between reagan and gorbachev in 1985, and he helped with george schultz, the then-secretary of state and others in the administration to promote an atmosphere at a guest house in geneva that would create the possibility of a real conversation where they went for a walk about, where they stopped, a fire set in a small room and had their first one-on-one conversation without all of the others hanging on and it became really the template for future talks, which some went well, some didn't, rake key owe vick was a terrible summit. on a guide path towards communication and negotiation for arms control. if one forgets during the cold war, we were at times on a hair trigger with nuclear weapons aimed at each other and all of that

union, every man, woman, and child in the soviet union would die instantly. what are we going to achieve building any further than that? what is it we are trying to do with a 4% increase? why not a cut in this enormous escalation that the president has on the drawing board? you will agree that there is a difference between strategic and conventional weapons and nuclear ones. if we are going to bring nuclear weapons down, we must have adequate conventional or's is and pay people to run them. i do not see that paying an e-5 ise-7 an adequate wage threatening or frightening to russia. mr. mcgovern: i agree with that. we can make certain modest increases. if you cut these enormously nukey new systems -- systems, there would be enough money to do what you want to do. sen. hart: why is john glenn attacking me for all the cuts i want to make and you are attacking me for not cutting more? mr. mcgovern: the reason is john glenn is further off than you are. sen. hart: we can go on all day. that is all right with me. john: last word on the subject. we have to go on. sen

union, every single man, woman, and child in the soviet union would die instantly. what are we going to achieve, building any further on that? what are we trying to do with a 4% increase? why not a cut in this enormous escalation the president has on the drawing board? sen. hart: let me respond. george is a former bomber pilot. you will agree that there are differences between strategic or nuclear weapons and conventional ones. if we are going to bring nuclear weapons down, we must to have -- we must have adequate conventional forces and pay the people who run them. i do not see paying an e-5 or that's all i'm talking about. mr. mcgovern: i agree with that. unless we can make modest increases in training and pay scales -- if you cut the nuclear systems as substantially as they should be, they would be enough money to do the things you want to without an overall increase. sen. hart: why is john glenn attacking me for all of the cuts i want to make and you are attacking me for not cutting more? [laughter] mr. mcgovern: the reason is that john glenn is further off than

union, every person in the soviet union would instantly. what are we going to achieve, building further on that? what are we trying to do with a 4% increase? why not a cut in this enormous escalation the president has? >> let me respond. george is a former bomber pilot. you will agree between the difference in strategic or nuclear weapons and conventional ones. weaponsll bring nuclear down, we have to have adequate conventional forces and pay the people who run them. advocatesee paying an -- an adequate wage to make a career of defending the country is threatening or fronting the russians. >> i agree. unless we can make modest increases in training and pay nuclear- if you cut the systems as substantially as they should be, they were be enough money to do the things you want to. >> why is john glenn attacking me for all of the cuts i want to make and you are attacking me for not cutting more? [laughter] >> the reason is that john glenn is further off than you are. [laughter] we could go on all day. last word on the subject. then we have to g

as a result, the advances of soviet power was stopped and the soviet union gradually adjusted policies to the situation. but within a year after the establishment of nato, the communists took over china. this posed a new and serious threat. particularly, for those new nations of the far east that had been formed out of colonial empires. the problem in asia were different from those in europe. but the result was much the same, instability and uncertainty and vulnerability to both the bully and the aggressor. western europe, with established governmental and socialist institutions, recovered quickly. but new nations of asia, particularly those who have not known self-government for a century or more, continue to face a formidable problem which they still face. the first test came in korea, when the united nations forces, predominantly american, stopped the drive of communist north korea, supported by material aid from the soviet union. it stopped the chinese army that followed. it brought to a halt the communist effort to push out the line that had been drawn and to establish communist c

union and were thick evils committed by the soviets and it began to complete my own story of what it meant to be in part a left and went amid to have this legacy of communist party membership and i started to dip my toe a little bit into activism. when i was at yale there were battles between the university administration and the labor unions that represent the workers there and i got involved with what was called the student labor coalition. i wrote some press releases for them. this is a useful useful story and understanding weren't coming from payday remember this long and it was relatively early in the evolution of e-mail this blog argument i got into because one of my fellow members of the female attacking one of the plans coming from the university frustration for wanting to pay lower workers who wanted to bring in fast food restaurants and pay lower wages to the new workers who were hired to work at mcdonald's and subway and so on and kind of had this long argument all of which i agreed with until he got to the end where he said, and who wants to eat the hydrogen aided the pat

recall the fact that soviet union has 115 to 117,000 main force troops in afghanistan at this moment. they're shipping arms into africa into asia into our own hemisphere in central america. it seems to add some realism to this moment. i don't want to cast a paw over the moment of success for the summit talks. summit talks are not going to be successful if all it includes is the so called reduction of 4% of the world nuclear forces. summit talks will be successful if the world becomes more peaceful. if tensions are lowered. if the soviet begin to change their behavior with regard to the treatment of dissidents and minorities and their people. one the points i tried to make in this campaign as well as in the nbc tom brokaw debate with my colleagues. the basis treaties, debutses idea of a treaty in a nation if you don't require compliance. it seems to me those are issues that need to be put on the table. i want you to know that i believe in linkage. there has to be a change in behavior if there's going to be a true reduction in tensions. the first grade issue in the 1988 campaign will be

leader and takes place each year at the red square and led the soviet union from the 20s to his death in 1953. some russians say a worsening economy has left them feeling nostalgic for the soviet days and the communist party is starting to worry the kremlin as we report from moscow. >> reporter: it's often one of the first things newcomers notice in moscow hammers sickles, stars everywhere communism is a part of russia's history and the collective psychology too and polls say half of russians think they were better off under the soviet system and at a moscow exhibition of stalin era art the curator told me the pride that people feel for the past. >> translator: interest in joseph stalin is increasing and it's understandable, we are celebrating the 70th anniversary of world war ii and should not forget who was at the helm of the country and under whose leadership the victory was achieved. >> by definition nostalgia is longing for the past and the days of the soviet union are gone but the communist party never went away as a political force and actually in the 21st century consistently

and soviet union enjoyed conventional parody. there was not a need for the nuclear forces because the u.s. could defeat the soviets in a straight-up tank battle or a regular fight between their armed forces without having to escalate to weapons of mass destruction. reagan expressed this to british prime minister margaret thatcher. she's surprise and a little upset. she's very concerned about this conventional imbalance. so she's talking to reagan telling them that they can't possibly eliminate the weapons because without that europe would become destabilized and there would be nothing to check a soviet advance. right season dismissive of the prime minister's claims. instead he rems that he read "red storm rising" so she can better understand what the new strategic situation looks like. so tom clancy would really fill two roles for the reagan administration. it communicated his policy to a broader audience and also provided an imaginative space for the presidents and others to war game and test their strategic principles. clancy w

and the soviet union. >> this is korea. [explosions] [gunfire] ♪ >> and this is korea, a peaceful land once, with lakes and villages. and mountains, where the rice group. -- grew. men and women, and people lived for living, until the ruthless, red hand of communism reached out to snatch it. old people, kids, and more kids. >> sometimes, i think that is the last thing the navy will -- last thing any of us will ever forget. those kids, laughing, crying, homeless, hungry. until we fed them. korea, where it gets cold in the winter time, where young men and women marry. ♪ where the kids used to play. happily. ♪ and here comes your kids, and yours, and yours. dirty and tired, slogging back fback from the reservoir fight, not retreating as they say, but advancing in a different direction. the first marine division. while the headman of the village walks past and wonders, the villagers still all wonder, and he wonders, too. poor kid. [marching] at christmas, in the year of grace 1950, last christmas. ♪ and gathered all the

>> i came from the same country as gary, i was a young girl when i left the soviet union. his a much more limited experience than gary obviously. still, my parents clearly lived the same generation. >> your family also lived it. >> same thing. i can attest that, yes, bernie sanders is not suggesting some soviet totalitarianism. i think he's looking at sweden as an example of what to do. as a democrat, i still have huge misgivings about the fact that as gary pointed out you can't just say that we have to have a level playing field. and the government imposes it. on the other hand, the income inequality has gotten so out of control his message --not just his message, but the message of a lot of candidates on both sides of the aisle appeal to people who feel left behind. the market has benefited the select few over the last decade or so, not since the '80s. the people in the middle class and working class have had wage stagnation and are not getting their fair share. pie. that's what he's appealing to, not what's like the state of the union. >> it's tackling the income inequa

and you know, cuba can't count on the soviet union any more. can't count on the petrol dollars from venezuela. they need the united states. and as patrick said, the united states was so isolated in latin-america, in a sense they need cuba. they were talking about the colombian peace process. and so they are hoping that this pays dividends on a lot of different fronts. >> earlier today, a beautiful day, by the way, before the rain came. there hasn't been rain for weeks. as patrick keeps blaming on me. right now we see something you dent see the way when it was el pappo. when the pope came, there were pictures of him all over havana and beyond. this is one of the rare images of fidel castro -- >> i have to tell you, i have worked with officials and i have never seen them more tense. the concern. the narrative breaks with their entire life that united states is blame, the enemy. last u.s. invasion was the bay of pigs. and then they will always stand up to the u.s. maybe that in respect from a lot of countries around the world but it broke the econ

he bet on the soviet union beating us in the cold war. and i don't doubt if there would have been a full victory by the soviet union in the cold war, that he would have been standing right there when the firing squads were busy and he would have been there enjoying it. that's a fact of history. that's where he bet his money. but everybody's trying to get beyond that now and hope that these good ties, commercial ties -- i thought it was fascinate welcome brian, that he brought ceos of companies into cuba with him and basically said, this is about opening up economic relations again and not so much about freedom, yet. >> chris matthews, please stand by out there in arizona. one bit of housekeeping, i got the venue wrong on tonight's speech is there at the verizon center, the sports arena. they're switching back and forth between the convention center and the verizon center. but these big events are in the sports arena. katy tur travel iing with the trump campaign is with us tonight. katy, a lot to talk about. first of all, let's go chronolo

to help the soviet union? because of still the soviet union. and my friend and i said help people, not the governments. back then the u.s. was subsidizing, giving credits to the russian government and party which of those credits were stolen. we believed that the best way the west could help the soviet union back then, and i still think it's the best way out of west could help, is helping developing an enterprise, helping in educating the people. i understand what natella is talking about when she speaking about the patriots position in russia. and yeah, i mean, i want my country to be happy. i want my people to be happy. and i think they come if they asked themselves really seriously they will add they want to be happy, not great. in terms of size, empire and so one. but i'm definitely against the situation where the u.s. would invade russia, you know, or make some restrictions against russia, like russia should never have nuclear weapons or whatever weapons solely because, yeah, i don't believe this will work. i mean, there are some people in

and finally, with moldova, which was formerly a socialist republic inside the soviet union. brian: if an american wanted to go to romania on vacation, and and they have never been there and didn't speak the language, what would it be like? robert: they would have a wonderful time. brian: what about the english language? do they use it there? robert: english is widespread in romania, particularly since 1989. that is the language to know in -- and most young people, you know, have a working knowledge of english. they would fly to bucharest, they could rent a car and drive north, the beginning of transylvania and go through the carpathian mountains and drive up through the painted monasteries to the northeast and northwest to the wooden churches. it is lovely and it is visited but it is not yet on the international tourist map so that you will not encounter hundreds and hundreds of tourists. brian: how are the accommodations? robert: they are better and better. there are boutique hotels sprouting out throughout the countryside. brian: you wrote, the ultimate purpose of human ex

launched as an attack by the soviet union on the united states. requiring a response. >> this was the most dangers time of the war, one of the most dangerous moments history. in cuba, they were firm enemies. the country turned into a stalemate. until this. and the handshake with the u.s. president signalled things could change, and they did. and now with the visit president obama is hoping to solidify the approach. he could only do so much. the embargo could only be list said. >> famous landmarks around the world turned off their lights on saturday to raise awareness of environmental issues. in dubai, they disappeared into the night sky. in russia, the kremlin and other iconic buildings went dark. activists gathered on the red square with candles for planet change awareness. in paris, the world famous isle tower plunged into darkness, 7,000 cities in 162 countries are taking part in this year's. plenty more news on the website. aljazeera.com, the latest on all the top stories there. aljazeera.com. 7♪ ♪ >> in 2015. evidence of slavery on a mass

tallinn has modernized at an astounding rate since the fall of the soviet union. its business district shines with the same glass and steel gleam you'll find in any modern city. yet nearby are the rugged and fully intact medieval walls, and the town within these ramparts has a beautifully preserved old-world ambiance. among medieval cities in the north of europe, none are as well preserved as tallinn. the town hall square was a marketplace through the centuries. its fine old buildings are a reminder that tallinn was once an important medieval trading center. today it's a touristy scene, full of people just having fun. through the season, each midday, cruise-ship groups congest the center as they blitz the town in the care of local guides. like many tourist zones, tallinn's is a commercial gauntlet. here there's a hokey torture museum, strolling russian dolls, medieval theme restaurants complete with touts, and enthusiastic hawkers of ye olde taste treats. woman: [ laughs ] steves: but just a couple blocks away is, for me, the real attraction of tallinn -- workaday

every single man, woman, and child in the soviet union would die instantly. what are we going to achieve building further than that? enormous cut in this escalation the president has on the drawing board? george, you will agree there are differences between strategic and nuclear weapons. if are going to bring nuclear we must ask for conventional forces and pay the people that run them. i don't see inadequate way of staying in and make a career of defending this country with threatening or frightening the russians. these enormously costly systems there would be enough money to do the things you want to do. >> wise john glenn attacking me for all the cuts i want to make? the reason is john glenn is further along than you are. [laughter] >> the last word on the subject, we have to go on. sen. glenn: just a little one. the cost increase, and you pointed out, very correctly, jesse -- or george, i guess -- was commenting about the increase in nuclear. i do not think we need an increase in nuclear. what i support is the idea of upgrading and making certain our conve

and the soviet union. the overwhelming growth of soviet forces has given, indicative of a critical balance of strength. reagan felt the continuation of the policy would only weekend the u.s. and assure soviet gains. in a radio address, he describes it as the way a farmer feels about as turkey before thanksgiving. he wanted to demonstrate an equal resolve and strength. he wanted to make sure he was negotiating on april terms of the associate without marking on any significant production of arms. ultimately, his strong stance came at odds with many of the leading voices in public policy at the pentagon. many in the pentagon claimed a nuclear war was still winable. the joint chiefs almost immediately approached reagan, arguing against the elimination of nuclear weapons entirely. they said it was inadequate, and that bringing it up to par what involve tens of billions of dollars over a time of at least a decade. the army chief of staff expressed resignation. there were doubts that they would be able to put the

that created reforms in the soviet union that ultimately led to their downfall. but of the people had a role too.john the second, mckellar glover job-- you could argue that the soviet union had internal vulnerabilities that it would collapse someday anyway. two of the biggest accompaniments that these presidents are often given credit for. can -- to compare premodern and modern presidents? we are going to put in the same system, barack obama and george washington. but their tasks of leadership, the resources they had to lead were very different. presidents were more clerks than they were leaders. in the 19th century, the main job of the president was to distribute patronage. they would appoint people to government offices. it was an entirely thankless task. and indeed a president gets assassinated in this role, james garfield. there is a institutional support for the president until 1857. they wind up paying their own staffers out of their own pocket. george washington hires his nephews to copy his letters. they have to take loans, like thomas jefferson. it leads

how did he challenge the soviet union? he looked at their great vurnl rablt and that's where he targeted. -- the soviet union in the 1908s didn't make anything that the world wanted. he targeted the oil, they were bankrupt. and then reagan challenged them to a star wars missile defense system. at that point the soviet union collapsed and then reagan handed the hand of friendship over to the soviet union and did arms control, arms reduction negotiations with them. regularen turned it around in 1980 because he started right here. here we are gone, the economy is lousy, we're getting pushed around all over the world by the same people and we've lost our sense of self. we're going to ask these three distinguished americans who they seeprb"p as the greatest threat america's national security. okay. you're a war veteran. you look around the world. what do you think is our greatest threat? >> first. if jimmy carter gave us ronald reagan, can you imagine what president obama is going to give us? [ applause ] i sit in the house arm

in the first major conflict of the cold war, north korea was backed by china and the soviet union, while the u.s. led the united nations force in support of south korea. >> this is korea. [ explosions ] ♪ >> and this is korea. a peaceful land once, with lakes and villages and mountains where the rice grew. men and women worked and people lived for living until the ruthless red hand of communism reached out to snatch it. old people and kids and more kids. >> sometimes i think that's the last thing any of us will ever forget. those kids, laughing, crying, homeless, hungry, until we fed them. korea. where it gets cold in the wintertime as it does at home. where young men and women marry. where the kids used to play happily.

for a long time he didn't have a partner to talk to in the soviet union. the leaders kept on dying on him. after gorbachev came into power, he and reagan started to talk to each other and they were able to lay the foundations for an arms agreement that was eventually signed in the george h.w. bush administration. she emphasized the importance of peace and a peaceful outcome. in the meantime, the president also came up with the strategic defense administration, the so-called "star wars" which i think hastened the end too. >> she had a big role in the iran contra in the sort of coming around afterwards. >> she did. she was very critical of some of the people who had surrounded him and she blamed them for creating an environment that allowed for iran contra. she pushed him to get out ahead of this and to respond to what was really a significant scandal. and i'd agree with david that she was often one of the main voices calling for negotiation and actually facilitating the personal relations with the gorbachevs at a moment many deserves thought this was all so

the soviet union never attack. when the united states was attacked in a way that nobody had foreseen, but at that point, nato got into action. nato continues to be involved in afghanistan. european allies have fought and died to do with terrorism. -- deal with terrorism. they have fought in the to protectn in libya the libyan people and ultimately led to gaddafi. there is no reason why nato cannot have a bigger role to play to defend the territories of its member states when it -- with regard to terrorism. well with that look like if nato were to do more to fight, how would you see that playing out? one-way was to use nato as an institution to share more to -- more intelligence for the kind of intelligence that people need to know about it or they can do that by laterally, the way we do it at the moment, or we can do it multilaterally within the construct of nato. we have the procedures of handling highly classified information within the organization. they do not have to be reinvented. that is one scenario. is toc

also built oil installations in the soviet union long b before the unitited stateses recognized the soviet union. oil companies have always made their own foreign policy. it's time to recognize that. amy: let's talk about fdr. to theseened americans, thousands go to fight in the spanish civil war, what this label meant in the united states -- they were called premature anti-fascists? adam: that's right. fdr was a good man, he was a good president, he was certainly someone who himself hated fascism, but he was a shrewd politician. he knew that he had no constituency in the united states for heavy involvement in the spanish civil war. believed, although nobody has ever been able to prove it because it is one of these things that was never promisedown that he the hierarchy of the catholic church before the 1936 election that he would stay neutral in spain. the church was very pro-franco veryse the spanish were anti-clerical. so, he stayed hands-off. we should remember that it was not a matter of should the u.s. send military aid to the spanish republic? that is not what they were asking for.

union then. she brought in all sorts of figures to talk and better inform the president so he was not isolated in the white house. and she protected him, perhaps excessively from too much travel after his first pretty much well-viewed as disastrous trip to europe in 1982 when he was overscheduled and barely got through a three country day, ending in a state dinner after starting out in rome and meeting with the pope. but the fact is that she in keeping his travel schedule, preserved his presidency in realizing that he needed more time, that for him to go to china, he needed to first go to hawaii for a few days and ak la mate and then go to gaum and see the troops. she managed to organize the white house, and she was feared by the white house staff. all of those trips to an a br barbara, people dreaded getting that duty. there was no buffer between you and the calls from the first lady. it was all in the interest of her husband and his presidency. and i have to say, finally, that that book that ca

what he meant was the revolution that toppled the soviet union back in 1991. peter: the west has to be open eyes and clear i'd about what russia is. bromance was fooling ourselves weo thinking ourselves that would be a democratic figure. he doesn't want to be that. back at theyou look four years you spent in russia what comes to mind? peter: that was a. of great transition and tumbled. everybody thought we were coming in when people were getting boring. yeltsin had stood up to the kremlin. who was supposed to represent stability. it was a. of enormous change where the vladimir putin began to turn things back. n: we found out how invaluable it is to go out there and do reporting on the ground, be open-minded, trust your instinct. we didn't come to it after decades of entrenched ideological positions one way the other about the soviet union and what the new russia should be. what we found was a resurgent nationalism. this fascinating figure of the vladimir putin. she came out of the kgb and was determined to use some of the but had beenwest misread in some ways

that's what it took off to fly over the soviet union. that's where the famous mission that was shot down began in 1959. that was a second secret operation, and that was to support the tibetan resistance. 1960, china moved troops into tibet. the story of whether tibet is part of china are not part of china, if you go to a library to our bookshelves full of books arguing both sides but i'm not going to go into that today from the tibetan standpoint it was pretty clear cut. their country was invaded by the chinese. their way of life was attacked by china in many ways, and their spiritual leader, the dalai lama, was forced into exile, or went into exile. what few people know when the dalai lama would be to ask sal, it was a cia team of trained tibetans that helped them get out of tibet and cross over the border into india where he remains to this day. the cia was also providing military support to tibetan rebels fighting against the communist army, the people's liberation army. and that support was provided from an air base in pakistan in wh

he is the maid man that franklin resin -- fdr sent to moscow in 1941 to see whether the soviet union was going to be able to survive the nazi invasion. he did something else as well, that he had been doing since the beginning of the crisis, he sent another message to pakistan same do not even think about it. from the beginning of the crisis the pakistani military dictator had been sending signals that he was unhappy that america was supporting india and he therefore wanted to be compensated as he like to say for pakistan's neutrality. compensation met give me kashmir. kennedy refused to give into the black male. he sent repeated messages to the pakistanis that if you enter this war, we will regard you as part of the enemy, not as part of the alliance. the 20th of november was sheer panic in new delhi. the right and the memoir that it look like india was going to disintegrate. all indian aircraft, private and public work commissioned by the indian air force, martial law was declared as much of northeast india. india began moving troops from the pakistan front, that night, for no expla

this prompted a crackdown on the soviet union. within days of the crackdown, tens of thousands of refugees fled into neighboring austria. some 200,000 hungarian refugees eventually took refuge in austria alone. to accommodate these refugees, the eisenhower administration used the parole authority, which allowed the attorney general to parole people into the united states without a visa and outside of immigration quotas if it was deemed and the national interest. the immigrant parolees could come to the u.s. but could not become permanent residents unless congress passed legislation that helps them normalize the status. eisenhower used this authority to admit some 32,000 hungarian refugees into the united states just from austria. an additional 6000 were brought in under a variety of other visas. but because americans were concerned with sponsoring communist spies, the less refugees were brought to an old army base in new jersey, where they were screened, interviewed, housed temporarily before they were released to their assigned a

he used it to rebuild the military and week bankrupted the soviet union and won the cold war. do the exact same thing with radical islamic terrorists. repeal obamato pullbacks a flat tax regulation, the economy will explode. lucy millions of new jobs trillions of federal revenue and we'll use it to rebuild this military so it remains the mightiest fighting force on the face of the planet. no longer will our military be governed by political correctness. we were have a commander in chief who stands up and says to the world that we will defeat radical islamic terrorists. president willing to utter the words radical islamic terrorism. one of the most shameful aspects of the last seven years has been the president sending our fighting and men and women into combat with rules and engage -- rules of engagement so strict that they cannot fight, they cannot win the cannot defend themselves. that's wrong immoral and mark my will, in january 2017, it end. we are slow to anger, but if and when military force is needed, we should use overwhelming force, kill the enemy and get out. we are