person who takes that and brings language to it is a man called dennis kearney. he is an irish and a great -- immigrant, and he arrives in san francisco in 1868. he has a small parking -- carting is that eventually goes belly up. because he has some free time, he goes to the sand lots. this is an image of what the sand allots are. this is san francisco city hall in the background. sand lots, you would have massive rallies going on like this one. if you notice the signage, you have signage about the chinese must go sort of thing. dennis kearney starts turning the sand lots and eventually what he starts to do is speaking out at the sand lots and particularly targeting chinese. he is known for the phrase "the chinese must go," which becomes a rallying cry for the white working classes. eventually he becomes the president of the working men's party of california and goes on a national speaking tour throughout the country, visiting various working men, party members are molding the ban -- promoting the ban on chinese immigrants. any questions? student: [indiscernible]

it is the ideas that we see in popular culture that are being promoted type people like dennis kearney that ultimately lead to conversations within u.s. andress and the white house saw a ban on chinese immigration's. it starts about the same time that you have people like ernie in the semi happening in washington dc -- kearney in the sandlot in washington dc. it starts by the california caucus in the house and the senate. they have some major problems, because by the 1870's, we pass the 14th and 15th amendment, which promotes this idea of equal protection under the law. known asave what was the burlingame treaty, 1868. man was promulgated by a named and send. i will write his name right here. send anson. i will write his name right here. the chinese foreign office wanted to her renegotiate a history with the united states, particularly related to trade relation. he also had received a request from the chinese, to ask them to tied to thelanguage experience of chinese immigrants. you don't need to write this down, but i want to read you the language that ends up in the treaty. it says ch