before on indian country and the struggles. the casting is by way of reference and excavation of the community of the earlier period of the great crossings and we will hear about that in a moment. my friend and colleague from across town at the history department is the author of a haunting bookcalled an american genocide of the united states and the indian catastrophe which single-handedly recast the history in california in my vi view. but also the recipient a couple of years ago at the "los angeles times" book award for history. so because of the remarkable quality of history in this book. [applause] and at the end of the table from occidental college in the history department, charlotte is the author of this book recaptured african africans of g the dislocation in the final years of the slave trade as a really remarkable story of a kind of eulogy all at once about memory and forgiveness, kindness because the way she opens the book with a beautiful poem that maybe we will hear from her story is about the recapturing of slave

so the racial tensions between blacks and whites and american indians and white, black and american indians was very complex. pot.s known as a melting [please stand by] the horseman. from soldiers had returned something styles way contemporary, the splendid the war. an army is mobilized to go to cuba and ultimately puerto rico and to the philippines. the first units essentially sent out to be deployed overseas were the four black units because they were some of the highly .rained units in the army to give you somewhat of a bit of a back story, in the post-civil war army, desertion and alcoholism were twin evils. in the%, or 40% of men white regiments might desert from the 1860's to the early was a -- 1880's, which short time. not so with the black regiments, who tended for most of the entire quarter century after the civil war to have the highest reenlistment rates with some men six, upfour, five, to 40 years in uniform, meaning it was not a job of work as an immigrant might see it jumping off the boat from europe. if i can't find better, i will join the army. this was professional guards.

on the indian side, there area on-board? on the indian side, there are a lot of people who are looking to see if services exports to the uk expanded. for example, corporations on exporting legal services. we have similar legal systems and that would be one thing we would be happy to see develop. there is a pharmaceutical industry, our car industry with similar companies. from the british side i think there has been some hope that financial services would benefit especially given the current indian focus to expand finance to many people who've been outside the financial net. thank you very much. when we hear more about philip hammond's trip we will update you. there are currently around 12,000 eu regulations in force across the union and they cover everything from banking and the chemicals industry, to agriculture and the airline industry. here's our transport corresponded richard westcott to talk through some of the pitfalls that brexit could create for the business of aviation. lots of industries is just telling for positio

consider the indian welfare child act, to protect indian taken from their tribes and placed in nonindian homes. white social workers took kids from the tribes and gave them to white families to make them american. the indian child welfare act made that illegal. but it wasn't happening anymore, and look what the law does now. lauren whiteshield was abandoned at birth by biological parents, a north dakota couple took care of her for three years and moved to adopt her. once adoption was raised birth parents' tribe invoked icwa to stop them from adoption to send her to her biological grandfather and his wife hope. even though hope has a history of abusing her own kids! one month after lauren moved in with hope, the social worker says hope killed her. >> hope had taken the kids and threw them down an embankment. both kids got thrown down the rock embankment. the older kids were told not to say a word. she is going to be fine and bumped her head. and they took them back to the house, and lauren never regained consciousness. john: arizona's goldwater institute is challenging icwa in court. why

a soup made by indian chefs to accommodate british tastes. is that correct? >> raaja: it was something what you would call halfway between a regular dal, a lentil, which you would eat, and a broth. the glace chops. >> rakejhwar: mutton glace chops. basically, meat cooked in its own fat, and it would have a lot of curry on it. it's a misnomer, this meat is not actually mutton. it is chevron. >> anthony: here, back before the rail line, it would be a difficult trip. >> raaja: yes. >> anthony: but once they were up and running, i mean there were many servants to look after your every need. you had a fireplace, a hearth in every room. >> raaja: and people, on the regular payrolls whose only job was to shoo monkeys off the grounds. you'd be carried around in palanquins, a little box in which you sat in, a curtained box. >> rakejhwar: and this man would go stamping his staff in the ground, and the bells will jingle, and the common folk would give way. and normally, they were not even supposed to look in the direction. it was bad manners. >> anthony

as early as 1542 they prohibited enslavement of indians. so owners who had benefited from the labor for half a century by the resorted to euphemisms to get around but retain mastery over their slaves.nd when i talk about the other slavery not only is mader native americans but fundamentally because it operates different ways. i sometimes it requires detective work to figure out what the real labor conditions are for thingse that aren't but mainly based on debts are based on the legal system or some other circumstances. that is what i started out doing. now i start out by emphasizing slavery was not a european invention. native americans had enslaved each other before the arrival of europeans. with the arrival of europeans these practices expanded in unexpected ways he came to resemble the kinds of human trafficking that areo recognizable to us today.ng stoy the story i tell is a moving story. it begins in the caribbean. where i try to show that it asf much a biological aspect of native americans of the native population of the caribbean. in

they suffered like so many other indians, the osage indians. thomasjefferson referred to them as the great nation. within a few years, they had to save millions and millions of acres. then they had to give it up. they were driven to the east of oklahoma. they thought the white man would finally leave them alone. lo and behold they are sitting on some of the largest deposits of oil in the world. overnight they became millionaires. they became the richest people per capita, not only in the united states, but in the world, and they lived in mansions. it was set at the time that each american might own one car, each osage owned 11 cars. the time had come within the 20th century in this story, but it is the wild west. the last gasp of the wild west. story, but it is the wild west. the last gasp of the wild westm story, but it is the wild west. the last gasp of the wild west. it is lawless. . . last gasp of the wild west. it is lawless... outlaws. power hungry. pistol shooters. and because of the oil, this area drew. it was a magnet for every kind of

. >>> a holy festival in the south indian state. worshippers here follow a liturgy was handed to them by one of jesus' 12 disciples. a man 7 million indians claim brought christianity here. thomas. >> christianity appears at some point in the first few centuries of the commoner ra. it's a lil bit of a mystery. it maybe there as early as the second century and maybe even in the first century. >> is it possible the disciple famous in @ bible for doubt founded one of the earliest christian churches in india? >> thomas is listed as one of the 12, so e we know he's one of the inner group of jesus' disciples. >> he's best known as the one disciple who wasn't present when jesus first appeared after his crucifixion. >> thomas vanishes from the new testament after the resurrection. but in ancient text and e recent arge logical documents may e reveal what happened to him. >> there were early indications even before the middle ages that christianity had somehow, some way come to india. one could say why not by thomas. . >> in cathedral in ital

they want to hear that the number of visas for indians will not suffer. they want to see if they can partner when it comes to infrastructure, because that is one place where india needs a lot of investments in partnership, and the uk feels can play a big over there. thank you very much forjoining us sameer. we will speak to you later in the day. the deadline for contractors to bid for a chance to build the very controversial mexico border wall has just closed. several firms will now be chosen to build prototypes, before a final contractor is chosen. but this is one project that won't be smooth sailing for the contractor. the boss of one company, based in texas, said he has received about a dozen death threats since publicly expressing interest in bidding. other companies have asked if authorities would rush to help their workers came under attack, and if employees would be allowed to carry firearms on the job. michelle fleury has the details. donald trump's proposal to build a border war with mexico has drawn interest from hundreds of companies around the

>> the current status of indian pakistan relations is most terrible. i think we are on partitions close and i don't know how many indian and how many pakistan are there but i always believe we're talking honestly. >> if we believe because of they are very aggressive stance of mister modi unfortunately. on the nuclear issue, clearly it was india who went nuclear in 1974. and they detonated their first nuclear device and ordered a peaceful nuclear device, i don't know how the nuclear explosion can be peaceful but however, the world followed. that's when pakistan matched them. if we believed in our military strategy, it's based on a strategy of deterrence. deterrence meaning maintaining a force level which through military schemes is about a defensive force of one third the course of the aggressor. we were maintaining that level of the conventional force, and then they went unconventional. had to be balanced out again and there's a legal system and it went nuclear. >> india has always been saying no first strike. they have a very superior conventional for

how did the indian slaves seek these opportunities in the firs place ? were there agents in spanish societies that were seeking them out to advocate for them? or their agents in their own states and the extent to which this was actually being practiced. the individual stories i found fascinating and i wanted to in the case of african slaves in the united states if we have comparable stories? this is a pretty unique case, i personally don't know about these types of cases in terms of african slavery in the us but that was the thing that struck me in your book. if you could speak to that and the others might have comments too. i appreciate it. >> one of the things that we may assume when we talk about the spanish crown and the situation of indian slaves. when the spanish crown and the king of spain essentially prohibited absolutely the taking of indian slaves, he meant that. he meant business. we may think he meant the spanish crown was inefficient,t, it's complicit, it's benefiting from this. he in the case of spain and only in the case of spain it really

red indians, as we grew up to call them in an earlier age. and they faced the most terrible problems in their lives. the land was removed, the discrimination was at a level that we can barely imagine. and then they discovered that black oil was coming up through their land and they became rich. the way the story begins is extraordinary, it takes you to another planet. yes. i mean, it's amazing. so, the osage suffered the same fate as so many native american communities and tribes and nations in the united states, which is that they were driven off their land. they once controlled most of the midwest. thomasjefferson referred to them of that great nation. and then within a few years, they had to cede millions and millions of acres. and eventually they were driven to this little corner of north—east oklahoma. they went there because they thought the land was rocky and fertile and they said the white men will finally leave us alone. so they go there, and lo and behold they are sitting on some of the largest deposits of oil in the world. and ov

birds theyiety of gained from the indian population. they communicated that back to audubon with very valuable bird specimens he was able to use in doing the birds of america. one of those was the warbler that the chinook indians called a different name. it is pretty good. i looked for the translation, cannot find it, but neither did townsend. they dismissed it. they simply renamed this bird. they took possession of it with standard linnean binomials and , ored it sylvia audubonii the audubon warbler. it is the western form of the yellow-rumped warbler. for the ornithologists in the crowd, i really knowledge that yes the birds used to be , separate, separate species. the audubons in the west, the yellow-rump in the east, then they were identified as one in the 1930's, then last year in 2016 they were declared separate again. you can talk to the american ornithological union about that. still in audubon's era, this was , the way they exchanged information, from native to naturalist, from west to east, with a few name changes along the wa

he said when two indians quarrels, at that time between myself. mr. prime minister, be it the two elephants start making love, the grass may get more trampled. so i feel that we must resolve our disputes. we have to resolve our disputes and we have to have sincerity as we resolve our disputes. that is all. we must do it for the sake of india, and pakistan and the region. everyone has been calling me in india a man of war. but i'm saying i'm a man of war but a man for peace because i know the hazards of war. maybe everyone does not. i fought two wars. i have seen conflicts. so therefore i know what war is. i have my best friend who was killed in action and my son is named on him. so therefore i know what war is. therefore we must stop wars. we must go for peace. but our intention must be noble for the whole region, for social-economic development. of both. if you want to take all the advantages and give disadvantages to the other, cannot happen. you being from india, india is a big country. certainly. many think india showing accommodation will be seen

in any event, jefferson lodged american indians and many states. in. her offices and as president he argues for this. once he becomes president, jefferson is involved in another cause and that is the race to see whether the united states can be a trend continental country. it needs to be discovering -- being the first european country to claim land on the west coast of america. when the twin urges, competing urges, of assimilating american indians and having america be a transcontinental country come into conflict, he chooses the geostrategic and this of course will remain ultimately that his intellectual descendents to decide on indian removal. i don't think it's fair to say that jefferson is responsible for indian removal but the impulse to defend american indians or assimilate them was already weaker in jefferson's mind than the impulse to win this transcontinental race even while he was president. finally, lastly, lastly, the concluding chapter of my book is about public education in jefferson's conception. this is related to his land reform. remem

by catering to indian demand, they are aiming to encourage more visitors to the region. >> let's get a check of the markets now. over at the united states we are seeing positive gains across the board. thisover half a percent at hour. european shares were closed for monday. it istanbul stocks were trading. ending firmly in the green pre-and that is a day after the yes vote came out on top in turkey's constitutional referendum. paul analysts say the markets will come out all right for foreign investment -- take a listen. >> turkey has something like a $60 billion gap in investments and savings. and only 12% of the gop. the -- not easy to -- capital isian growing rapidly. moscow is home to 12 million people and it is starting to burst at the seams. developers are depending on city suburbs to develop new housing complexes to satisfy demand. but at what expense? theoser look at some of human and environmental consequences of this organization. >> maria moved here with her family to get away from the big city. we know every tree in this forest. we have lakes, walking trails. people come w

if you look at the census figures between 1850 and 1870, indian men vastly outnumber indian women. it's a very, very dangerous time to be an indian woman. so the men were having some sort of relationship with these women, but they weren't looking to them as marriage material and it certainly wasn't curbing their violent instincts. is different than what you get in a lot of places, intermarriage with native women was common in the west, usually amongst trappers. so when it was smaller groups that went west and they often had relationships with the transcribed because they helped them with their trapping and collecting of furs, then you had a lot more intermarriage and that was one of the reasons why places like oregon and washington wanted mail-order brides. but that wasn't so much what was happening in california. there also seems to have been worse relationships between the settlers and the transcribed in general. there are a whole bunch of hor, or stories about men who do have relationships with indian women and then the indian women kill them in their sleep and cut them up into

like many indian families, this family put their life savings into buying a home of their own. but eight years on, they are still waiting to take possession. translation: our dream home has turned into a nightmare. we have paid for this with our life savings. 0wning have paid for this with our life savings. owning a house should not be this difficult. the builder he invested with is caught up in a legal battle with the landowners. and so many of the flats in this developer and have not been handed over. he is taking legal action, but the process in india is slow and often ineffective. not getting possession to a flat is a common problem in india. construction is often delayed why government approvals and disputes over land ownership. —— by. they struggle to stay afloat as a result. 0n ownership. —— by. they struggle to stay afloat as a result. on one hand, people cannot get into the homes they own, and on the other hand, corruption drives up prices. that corruption extends beyond poor oversight from developers. the government is now cracking down on those avoiding taxes

indian women. california's a little different. they do have relationships with the native women, but not so good. so it seemed to be something with the dangerousness of california, the group, the mob mentality, but these men were not marrying the indian women. they were actually attacking them. so there was a lot of sexual violence out in california, to the extent that within a generation the female -- the indian female population in cold front was decimated. if you look at the census figures between 1850 and 1870, indian men vastly outnumber indian women. it's a very, very dangerous time to be an indian woman. so the men were having some sort of relationship with these women, but they weren't looking to them as marriage material and it certainly wasn't curbing their violent instinkts. . is different than what you get in a lot of places, sba marriage with native women was common in the west, usually amongst trappers. so when it was smaller groups that went west and they often had relationships with

one analyst said it almost seems as if the uk once indian business but not indians. that is a perception mr hammond will have to change. consistently india has refused to lift restrictions on professional services like banking accounts, insurance. that is something the uk sees as its strong point and wants india to open up. it will be interesting if he can convince people that the uk can offer the services and india must open up. real negotiations will only start after the brexit processes over. in terms of the areas of business or the industries that will look to benefit, we have mentioned financial services. what other business leaders are keen to see this relationship drive? the uk is selling financial services as its strong point. mr hammond says, making india but to get it financed in the uk. —— make in india. whichever sector in india is looking for more capital, the uk is selling itself as the point of finances. we have seen massa la bonds, a new class of debt instrument. the uk seems to be the primary target for indian companies wanting these bonds. india

but the indian government is thinking just as big when it comes to fighting hunger, and they're fighting that battle one lunch at a time. this "viewchange" film tells the story. amos roboberts: it's early mornrning in a smallll village t far from the city of bangalore. kuma is cleaning the rickshaw that provides his family's lililihood. his wife nakama is washing the family's few dishes. and their children are getting ready for school. abilash, however, can't find his school shirt. amos: kuma but doesn't earn enough to buy spare shirts for the children. after paying for the hire of his rickshaw, he's lucky to make $4.00 or $5.00 a day, so clothes getet held togetherer with safety pins for as long as possible. while abilash helps his dad fix a puncture, his brother and sister have leftover rice fofor breakfast.t. their parents go without. amos: these kids are lucky. millions of indian children go to school on empty stomachs, their families too poor to give them breakfast or even lunch. but thanks to a quiet culinary revolution, they don't have to go hungry any longer. in a tiny kitchen on

he would perform being indian. he would perform his capacity to appropriate indian culture. he was not the first british subject to do this, this love affair with the exotic subject. what is unique is that he is the first trafficked subject to do that, as a way of gaining an audience. it is blackface minstrelsy that these actors become white supremacist. you have him playing indian, a trafficked servant doing this work. what is most interesting to me is not this, which you almost expect if you started this history. this only happened in 1760. what is also interesting is that what he did with these images, the main purpose of "french and is the cruelty" publication of 40 depositions of kidnapped subjects who systematically indict the criminality of aberdeen's shipping merchants. this racial language with political radicalism, where he does not just indict an individual spirit, someone who trafficked him, tricked him undertaking an oceanic voyage, but he indicts the entire class, as well as the british government's complicity in sanctioning the enslavement of his own poor chil

amos: today the cooks are preparing sambar, a staple south indian dish that's like a soupy vegetable curry with lentitils. this simple meal is also being used as an instrument of social chchange. the state government insists at least one cook in every kitchen must be from the so-called untouchable castes. [bell rings] [speaking foreign language] amos: in many states, lunch has become a one-stop shop for children's health. apart from the nutritional value of the cooked lunch, these kids also get vitamin a, iron, folic acid, and deworming tablets with their meals. amos: abilash is responsible for supervising the meal. amos: at l least one of f the children here e doesn't eveven t one home-cooked meal. he has to beg for his supper. amos: do you look forward to lunch each day? [translator speaking foreign n language] amos: well, i don't know what australilian kids would d make f this meal, but i i thought it ws delicious and it certainly beats the sandwiches that i took to school. but more importantly, while governments in the west and celebrity chefs like jamie oliver agonize over what

red indians, as we grew up to call them in an earlier age. and they faced the most terrible problems in their lives. the land was removed, the discrimination was at a level that we can barely imagine. yes. and then they discovered the black oil was coming up through their land and they became rich. the way the story begins its extraordinary, it takes you to another planet. yes. i mean, it's amazing. so, the osage suffered the same fate as so many native american communities and tribes and nations in the united states, which is that they were driven off their land. they once controlled most of the midwest. thomasjefferson referred to them as "that great nation". and then within a few years, they had to cede millions and millions of acres. and eventually they were driven to this little corner of north—east oklahoma. they went there because they thought the land was rocky and infertile and they said the white men will finally leave us alone. so they go there, and lo and behold they're sitting on some of the largest deposits of oil in the world

50,000 indians between the age of 17 and 55. we beg of you to give us the right to fight. we guarantee you, sir, our hearts could be no better cause than to fight for the land we love and for the freedom we share. >> chief red fox's sentiments were echoed by the seneca arthur parker, president of the society of american indians in 1917 who wrote -- >> the american indian has common cause with the allies. the indian fights because he loves freedom, and because humanity needs the defense of the freedom-loving man. the indian fights because his country, his liberties, his ideals and his manhood are assailed by the brutal hypocrisy oppressionism. challenged, the indian has shown himself a citizen of the world and an exponent of the an ethical civilization wherein human liberty thrives. >> the outcome of the 1916 election reflected divisions in the country. winning by a slim electoral college margin, wilson's second term would soon face a series of crises that would determine the fate of his neutral position in the war. while debate

it was also the american indian that was fond of the marte n's company. so is the humble slave of the seven states. this painting of the marten shows a hollowed out calabash or gourd, and what audubon does is draw attention to the common native american and african-american practice of making houses for martens out of the available resources to them. audubon goes one further step in his description of the humble slaves, writing that the marten's song brings the elated heart to the farmer. he said, i'm your momentum -- a mere momento for the day of voluntary labor. he bids will farewell to the marten and can't help thinking how happy he should be worthy permitted to gambol with as much freedom as that bird. there you have it, and one passage about the purple marten, audubon does a lot more than describe the bird. he also describes human beings, offering the reader, us, examples of the range of practical and aesthetic and symbolic values birds can embody. they embody the lives of ordinary american people. by putting people into the picture here, writing the

would a wall in the indian reservation be helpful? >> absolutely. >> reporter: as far as you're concerned, this is not mexico and this is not the u.s. >> this is technically. [ speaking foreign language ] translate to the people's land. >> reporter: and since the federal government gave control of this land to them more than 150 years ago, it will now require an act of congress to take it back and build a wall. carter evans, cbs news along the u.s./mexican border. >>> well, coming up after your local news on "cbs this morning," jeff glor takes us to iceberg alley in the atlantic, where trackers are working to keep the waters safe for ships. >>> plus, only on "cbs this morning," apple's senior vice president of retail, angela aarons, on why she's giving stores around the world a makeover. >>> and we'll meet 19-year-old professional bull riser jeff lockwood, who's preparing for his big comeback in the sport. that's the "cbs morning news" for this tuesday. thanks for watching. i'm anne-marie green. have a great day. >>> final preparation

indian leaders, please understand, you have control more than me. these are issues which we must understand to bring peace in the world and peace in the region. >> general musharraf, thank you so much for coming. recently, the indian army chief of staff acknowledge the existence of the cold start doctrine which calls for indian defensive holding patterns to prevent a pakistani retaliatory nuclear response. is seen asne destabilizing and many commentators have said is a destabilizing move. what do you as a former strategic army staff see as the alternative or options set pakistan has come and how does the doctrine change the dynamic in any future potential conflict between the two countries? start you say cold strategy reduces nuclear response? >> just the existence is aimed at trying to prevent some sort of nuclear retaliation. gen. musharraf: no, i think it encourages that. a tactical nuclear response. if india wants to have a cold start strategy, as a military man i can say that you cannot assemble a force in our environment because we are andhing

it is important because of the indian-pakistan relations. let's see if i am allowed to quote a joke. i went to one of the conferences and one of the prime ministers of a small country, and they are a small country, actually. sri lanka is not small, sorry. said, mr.erson president, the south is important because of india-pakistan relations. he said when two elephants quarrel, the grass gets trampled. at that time we were having a rapprochement between india and pakistan. i was very fast at replying that, mr. bremen us to, if the two elephants start making love, the grass might get more trampled. [laughter] gen. musharraf: we must resolve our disputes. and we have to have sincerity in resolving our disputes. that is all. we must do it for the sake of india and pakistan and the region. everyone has been calling me a man of war. at i have been saying, i am man of war, but a man for peace. i know the hazards of war. maybe everyone does not. and i fought two wars have seen conflict. therefore, i know what war means. i had my best friend, killed in

. >>> holy festival in the south indian states. worshippers here follow litter ji they believe was handed to them directly by one of jesus's 12 million disciples. a man they claim brought christianity here. >> he appears at india at some point during the first few centuries a little bit of a mystery. it may be there as early as the second century and it may be plausible to be around to the next century. >> is it possible, the disciple famous in the bible found that one of the earliest christian churches in india. >> thomas is listed as one of the 12. >> he wasn't present when jesus first appeared after his crucifixion. >> thomas vanishes in the new testament after the r-- resurrection. >> there were early indications that christianity somehow someway come to india, so some could say why not by thomas. >> it's said to be the arm that touched the resurrected jesus, the arm of saint thomas. >> they were found to be from the first century. something sort of exciting. what happened to the disciple famous for his doubt. thomas is present

red indians, as we grew up to call them in an earlier age. and they faced the most terrible problems in their lives. the land was removed, the discrimination was at a level that we can barely imagine. and then they discovered that black oil was coming up through their land and they became rich. the way the story begins its extraordinary, it takes you to another planet. yes. i mean, it's amazing. so, the osage suffered the same fate as so many native american communities and tribes and nations in the united states, which is that they were driven off their land. they once controlled most of the midwest. thomasjefferson referred to them of that great nation. and then within a few years, they had to cede millions and millions of acres. and eventually they were driven to this little corner of north—east oklahoma. they went there because they thought the land was rocky and fertile and they said the white men will finally leave us alone. so they go there, and lo and behold they are sitting on some of the largest deposits of oil in the world. and o

the indians he employed were always wage earners living on rancho chico. in early 1860 decided to lay out the count of chico which he platted on part of his property south of chico creek on the opposite side of the creek from his adobe at that time, his first residence on rancho chico. in 1860 he laid out the town of chico and at that point the community starts to grow. and later on in 1862 begins to build a mansion after was elected to congress in 1864. and while he was away, before he left for washington he arranged to have the mansion built, and construction of the mansion began in 1865 and lasted for three years. it was completed in 1868. 1868. so when he returned from washington d.c., he returned to the mansion. and he also returned a married man and brought back from washington his wife who had met while serving in congress. the bidwell mansion has hosted many distinguished visitors over the course of his life and her life as well. she survived him by 18 years so she passed away in 1918. and during that time i hosted a lot of important visiting digni

the general epithet used was "digger indians." in other words, they were regarded as sub human. because they did not have the kind of technological accoutrements that european american settlers considered standard. it's not because they were not clever enough to figure it out. because those things were irrelevant to their daily lives. they were able to go, on the coast, you know, when the tide went out, their table was set. here in this part of north central valley, the mass crops of acorns provided very important, calorie rich food source for them. wild game, deer, small animals, insects were a staple of the regular and, of course, fish. there were abundant salmon runs and steelhead. in some cases, two different runs of the same species up the rivers. so, there was no need, really, to have complicated technology. the critical issue became access to subsistence resources, because, with is a huge influx of settlers, miners, and then merchants who were essentially mining the miners, selling them the equipment that they thought they needed, game the game to be -- began to be scarce

we went there in our indian attire. it's a proud moment for us. i don't want to ask you any questions... i think it's boring for everybody, i get very passionate, and i think it's boring for everybody else who's not a lawyer. the timings are horrible for you guys. yeah, it's a tough balancing task. i only get one day off a week, which is a sunday, but sometimes it also happens that i'm called into the office on a sunday, or i'm expected to work from home. she may be committed to her work, but madhavi's priority is her family. more than half of india's twentysomethings still live with their parents, as she does. the one thing that i have seen is that the family bond is one thing in india that has never changed, and i don't see it changing, and i don't even wish that it changes. though we have different lifestyles, we lead different lifestyles, we still come back to a family at home, and i think that is a very, very satisfying feeling. she is traditional in other ways, too. happy to let her parents help herfind a husband. now we have started seeing

this is the indians hope and prayer. and they would they call the rouge ok, there is a new maid's grave, today built by never a spade nor pick, yet covered with earth, 10 meter stick. -- meters thick. their life fighting men, that in their youthful prime, never to laugh or love again, nor taste the summertime. for death came flying through the air and stopped his flight at the dugouts there and touched his prey and left them there, clay to play -- clay to play. -- to clay. now over the grave abrupt and clear, three volleys ring and perhaps their brave young spirit here the bugles saying, go to sleep go to sleep. ♪ ♪ charlie take your gun take your gun take your gun bring it on the run on the run on the run [indiscernible] where coming over -- we are coming over and they won't come back until it's over, over there ♪ ♪ >> this weekend, on american artifacts, we tour washington, d.c.'s union station. at the time, it was one of the largest train stations in the world. >> you would enter the train station via this mai

about the dakotas and the indian rights right now. and so indian nations are nations just like france and spain, and so therefore, once you make a treaty with them, they have the rights of the treaty. the problem was that washington couldn't enforce it. and they were streaming especially from georgia to creek country. they gave him, and they gave the creek nation pretty much what is now the state of alabama. they assumed that over time, it would shrink because they would have to move from hunting and gathering societies to farming societies. and nevertheless, a vision was to create a series of enclaves east of the mississippi, and over time, and over the century to assimilate the native american population into the general population. that's what they wanted to do. it didn't work. they could not enforce it. if we had the supreme court arrangement that we did by the middle of the 20th century, they would have called out the national guard and enforced it in the same way they did in the segregation cases in kansas or arkansas and missis

rancho chico was located in the domain of the ma which hupta tribe, prank of the midu indian peoples who populated most of what is now butte county. they had some village sites on the rancho chico and when bidwell moved on to the property he reached an accommodation with them and their village site remained on rancho chico, very close to his adobe and later to the mansion itself, and the indian tribe provided bidwell with hays initial labor force. the didn't provide all the labor as the rancho grew but remained a core part of the labor force throughout the entirety of john bidwell's life until he passed away in 1900. but bidwell never did participate in california's legalized system of bound sustain slavery or indenture. the indians were always wage earners living on rancho chico, in early 1860 he decided to lay out the town of chico, who he platted on part of this property south of chico creek, on the opposite side of the creek from his adobe at that time, his first residence on rancho chico. and so in 1860 he laid out the town of chico and at that point the community starts to grow

it's been a record breaking day in the indian premier league, where, for the first time we saw not one, but two hat tricks in a day. first up, samuel badree took one playing for the royal challengers bangalore against the mumbai indians. the west indian spinner took four wickets in total, but couldn't prevent his side losing by four wickets. england bowler tymal mills conceded the winning runs with this six. remarkably, badree‘s feat was matched by australian andrew tye. he took three in a row for the gujarat lions against rising pune supergiant. he also bowled ben stokes earlier in the innings. that's all from sportsday. coming up in a moment, the papers. hello and welcome to our look ahead to what the the papers will be bringing us tomorrow. with me are journalist and broadcaster helen croydon, and business editor for the independent, josie cox. i will come to you in a moment. let us i will come to you in a moment. let us start with a quick overview of the papers. we will start with the mirror. we will start with the mirror. the mirror says north korea and the us are edging towards

it is interesting to see the indian companies here also pushing on renewables, but also working with indian companies now in the power sector, the renewables sector, outside of the traditional area of operations. there is plenty of opportunity for india to move on this front. in other business news, making headlines this morning, kaesler has become the second guessed it us carmaker in terms of market capitalisation. —— tesla has become the second biggest. at the end of monday, tesla stock was up by over 7% to close just below $300. that gives the firm and market cap of nearly $49 billion, which puts it ahead of ford. this is despite the fa ct ahead of ford. this is despite the fact that the company only delivered 25,000 of its high—tech vehicle so far this year into a car market which sold 60 million units in march. inflation in south korea has accelerated to any five—year high driven mostly by higher food and accelerated to any five—year high driven mostly by higherfood and oil prices. 0n driven mostly by higherfood and oil prices. on a year—on—year basis, inflation ca

would a wall in the indian reservation be helpful? >> absolutely. >> reporter: as far as you're concerned, this is not the mexico and this is not the u.s. >> this is technically the people's land. >> reporter: and since the federal government gave control of this land to the tohonoo'odtham more than 150 years ago, it will now require an act of congress to take it back and build a wall. carter evans, cbs news along the u.s.-mexican border. >> pelley: another important story that we're watching tonight is the deteriorating situation in afghanistan. 9,000 u.s. troops are on the ground trying to help the afghan taliban. but the job is getting tougher by the day thanks in part to moscow. charlie d'agata has this. >> reporter: u.s. defense secretary jim mattis arrived in kabul today as the country descended further into chaos. worsening the situation, new allegations the russians are supplying the taliban with weapons. >> we're going to have to confront russia where what they're doing is contrary to international law. >> reporter: his top g