indian enemy at bay in pakistan. that is absolutely wrong. that is, i think, lack of real knowledge of the situation in pakistan. we have lost — we used to have some influence on the taliban, and that is why we were suggesting that they should be brought to the table, and there should be negotiation on whatever is happening in afghanistan. but over the years we have lost control or influence on the taliban. other countries in the region, who have perhaps more influence on taliban than us — actually, all the taliban have contact with almost everybody in the region. so we do not have — we do not monopolise this relationship. a former envoy to afghanistan, james dobbins, has said today they view it as a monster they have created, but can't afford to suppress. create — let's talk about creating monsters. most of these monsters which are there our country, in this whole region, were created way back in the ‘80s, by a proxy war which we were fighting on behalf of americans. this is the legacy of those days. this

of pakistan. i don't know if that is still true i haven't looked at the numbers recently but i suspect in this regard that china is moving ahead. i'm not sure -- i don't think it offers much leverage in a negative sense and i don't think there is anything that we would want to do to reduce our exports to pakistan and we don't report much pakistan. in a positive sense, of course, there is a huge potential incentive for pakistan in that it's a textile producing country and if it were able to import it textiles into the united states under more favorable terms that would be a big boon to the pakistani economy. frankly, my sense is first, no one is thinking about carrots right now. and second, trade deals in and of themselves, while i leave it to the collective sense of the audience whether this administration will pursue trade deals and especially free-trade deals. potentially, you know, it is interesting but i don't see it as something that has a real immediate opportunity. >> just to be quick. two

now, scapegoating pakistan is easy. but the fact remains that they are fighting a battle which is not about to finish in the near future. they are talking of a surge by 4,000, or 5,000, or 6,000, whatever. that will not make any difference. we propose that there should be a political approach and a political solution to this problem, not merely a military solution. the military solution has already failed. the military approach over the last... so, when president trump talks about, first of all, the amount, the billions and billions of dollars that the united states is paying pakistan... that is absolutely wrong... and he also says no partnership can survive a country's harbouring militants and terrorists who target us service members and officials. he isjust wrong, is he? yeah, he is absolutely wrong, absolutely wrong. i told you, they are scapegoating pakistan for their failures, number one. number two, talking of this billions, let's sit down with the americans and sort this out. you know, for almost 1.5 decades, our

—— pakistan. haven to agents of chaos, violence and terror? -- pakistan. well, we have given a statement in response of what president trump said three weeks back. and let me explain that again. our parliaments have almost 40% to 45% territory, kabul has almost no control on that territory —— the taliban. why would they need safe haven, when they have their own territory where they can move freely without any hindrance, without any problem? so this is basically... you know, this scapegoating pakistan for whatever has happened in afghanistan over the last 1.5 decades. at the peak, there were more than 100,000 american soldiers who were there, of the combined isf forces. they have not achieved anything. they have lost territory, they have not really achieve what they wanted to achieve in afghanistan. now, scapegoating pakistan is easy, but the fact remains that they are fighting a battle which is not about to finish in the near future. battle which is not about to finish in the nearfuture. they battle which is not about to finish in the near future. they

we worry about pakistan because pakistan has a tendency to want to match any new advancements that india mix and currently we are worried that pakistan might want to match india's efforts when it comes to creating a nuclear submarine program china is also nearby and any advancements in this nuclear program are going to create are going to have destabilizing effects in the region and yes we worry about us collation. suing such a bullish policy on nuclear armament has the potential to destabilize the region why exactly is it but the indian government is so hell bent on improving its arsenal after all the country already has nuclear weapons doesn't it. in contrast to the big boys nuclear as india and pakistan account for only two hundred to two thirty bombs between them india's program dates back to one nine hundred seventy four when prime minister indira gandhi gave the go ahead to test the. country's first bomb the smiling but exploded deep in the heart of the rogers trying to assert taking the world by surprise india described it as a peaceful nuclear explosion pakistan saw it as an act

from pakistan's nuclear program. is a high ranking member of pakistan's strategic planning division an elite branch of the military that has command over the country. at university in islamabad. in the wake of revelations about india's nuclear ambitions pakistan has no choice but to escalate the production of its own weapons. people are generally willing to accept india's logic that their means could detect is from china in terms of strategic weapons as well if there is a mercedes or a nuclear weapon. which the indians may claim that it is intended for china but stop it stops indians from pointing the same weapon was published on what i want india does to be able to in minute elliot reward was. unbearable damage today and saw there they will hopefully to free him from. for the bugs and the postgres. but pakistan's decision for the nonproliferation has always been a huge concern globally and the recent introduction of tactical nuclear weapons to its arsenal short range missiles equipped with nuclear warheads that can

ambassador to pakistan and special representative for afghanistan and pakistan. grieco,jeffrey president and ceo of the afghan-american chamber of commerce. asking twoo begin questions about the past. and so, one of the main issues is what is different in afghanistan since september 11? the second question -- i am an economist, i like data so the second question for the panel would be what are some key achievements, some key data points that you could talk about september 11 that have been a success and we can show progress in afghanistan? those are two questions about the past and then i will ask you questions about the future strategy and the future of afghanistan. jeffrey: thank you. september 11 that have been ai think as a former assist administrator at usaid, think the investments we made early on from 2002 on were focused on building the social infrastructure of afghanistan which was completely decimated. we focused on building schools, curriculum design, girls in school, building clinics, community-based clinics, establishing midwife systems and all of th

ambassador to pakistan and special representative of afghanistan and pakistan and mr. jeffrey grieco, president and ceo of the afghan american chamber of commerce. so i'm going to begin asking two questions about the past and so one of the main issues is what's different in afghanistan since september 11th? the second question -- i'm an economist, i like data, so the second question to the panelists would be what are some key achievements, some key data points that you could talk about since, you know, september 11th that have been a success and that we can show progress in afghanistan? so those are two questions about the past and then i'll ask two questions about the future strategy and about the future of afghanistan. >> okay. thank you. i think as a former assistant administrator, i think the investments we made from 2002 onward were building the social structure of afghanistan. so we focused on building schools, getting curriculum design, getting girls in school, building clinics, local community based clinics, establishing mid-wife systems and all of that early i

from pakistan's nuclear program. is a high ranking member of pakistan's strategic planning division an elite branch of the military that has command over the country. at university in islamabad. in the wake of revelations about india's nuclear ambitions . has no choice but to escalate the production of its own weapons. people are generally willing to accept india's logic that the i'm in school district is from china in terms of strategic weapons as well if there is a mercedes or a nuclear weapon. which the indians may claim that it is intended for china but stop it stops indians from pointing the same weapon was published on what i want india does to be able to in minute elliot reward was. unbearable damage today and saw there they will hopefully to free him from. for the bugs and the postgres. but pakistan's dismay for the nonproliferation has always been a huge concern globally and the recent introduction of tactical nuclear weapons to its arsenal short range missiles equipped with nuclear warheads that can be used

i wonder the pakistan -- is putting into pakistan. the one belt one road initiative, china is publicly committed to putting $46 billion or $47 billion into pakistan, that's in directed investments and soft loans. i think that from the pakistani perspective, that greatly reduces the dependence of the united states, on u.s. assistance in particular. but the other point that doesn't receive a lot of attention, this is just a matter of looking at a map. afghanistan is a landlocked country, and we need to access it by land and by air. by land, you really only have the option of going through pakistan. unless our relations with iran were to dramatically improve, which i don't think is in the cards. and even by air, the most direct route is certainly over pakistan. so, i think there is a temptation in washington to overestimate our degree of leverage on pakistan. because of how we view our own substantial assistance programs. the reality is, i think pakistan is going to pursue its own self-defined national interests, and i think, again, we n

afghanistaand pakistan and mr. jeffrey greco, president and ceo of the african-american chamber of commee. i'm going to begin asking two questions about the past. and so, one of the main issues is, what is different in afghanistan since septembe11? the second question, i am an economist, i like data. the second question would be, so what are some key achievements, some key data points that you could talk about since seember 11? that have been a success and th we can ow progress in afghanistan. those are two questis about the past. then i will ask two questions about the ture strategy and about the future of afghanisn. >> thank you. i think as a former assistant administration of usaid i think the investments de early on from 2002 onward were focused on buildg the social infrastructure of afghanistan which was completely decimated. we focused on building schools, getting curriculum design, getting girls in school, building clinics, local community-based clinics, establishing midwife systems and alof that early infra

leverage on pakistan. and -- because of how we view our own substantial assistance programs. the reality is that i think pakistan was going to pursue its own self defined national interest in ways that are probably -- to ours. i think again, we need to address this at a political level. and i think the us taking the initiative to launch a political initiative that is a pathway towards settlement is a conflict, is really the only way to adjust the ultimate question of regional hedging. if you leave a space some not so friendly friends may go off on their own anyway and try to do things which can make it much more confident to get to a peaceful solution. plus, the point that there is a lot of good economic things that can be done for afghanistan and pakistan if you can get those across pakistan economic pipelines and transmission lines and other things agreed in working. part of the reason of course because of the trade with india below is that pakistan will let anything cross its landmass to get to india. t

that is definitely the message that pakistan wants to give with this t20 series in pakistan, it is a safe place for international players and teams to come and play. there were 25,000 spectators at this match today. it is very humid and hot out here. the security situation has been top—notch. more than 8000 police officers and security agency offices were here. no one could come in the area without a ticket in the past. it was really, really, really secure. the tie—breaker is world 11 wins tomorrow could be on friday. and we will see who takes the trophy home! we will indeed. the eyes of the boxing world will again be on las vegas on saturday when canelo alvarez and gennady golovkin face off in front of a packed arena and watched by millions around the world. the unbeaten kazakh golovkin will defend his wba, wbc, ibf, and ibo middleweight titles against the mexican in what is being billed as a potential fight of the decade. las vegas has only recently hosted the fight between conor mcgregor and floyd mayweather but former world champion oscar de la hoya is calling this a real fig

the pakistan cricket board and of course the players the national pairs of agreed to come to pakistan after eight and a half years so this is a big day for pakistan to get indeed tell us about the sort of security operation will be in place in lahore and is it a price worth paying to get international cricket back. yeah absolutely actually there have been. security personnel is in excess of three thousand people who are protecting these teams but of course ideally the conditions would be that if this were goes incident free and more teens come in. to do to come in the next month and the rest of these the city would also common. for three matches so if those two are. incident free they'll be definitely international to get doors will be opening for pakistan and i'm sure that this kind of extraordinary security will also be reduced or to be quite a normal situation in those circumstances are ones that are regularly taken now politics and sport always in swines in pakistan there are no indian players in this world eleven what should we read into that. yeah of course i mean india. about a

and the first of city games in pakistan. with that taliban political commission to deal with foreigners in negotiating with foreigners within informal presence in doha. and to jump to my colleague's question about mortality -- modality to save the first-ever is to revive in 2013 to open formally the taliban office for the purpose of discussing peace with the afghan government in a publicly recognized way. then the second step is to breed in the regional players who are so of significant, there are a lot of challenges their with great difficulty conceptually a double and how to reconcile to bring india and pakistan in the same room. i will not underestimate that but the sea was what they should be pursuing as a way for word but i fully agree the taliban has not renounced definitively any ties with the al qaeda. there are some hints there has not been a formal break and is well established and then to break with al qaeda and respect the afghan constitution those are end conditions and that was the policy of the united states b

they had had a meeting in pakistan. during that meeting he gave a large sum of money to taliban commanding for the purpose of targeting americans. >> we thought it would be important to get evidence from the horse's mouth and hear from bagcho. >> you can never have too much evidence. so he helped introduce an undercover police officer into the organization and the undercover police officer made direct conversations with haji bagcho. >> they set up the deal and the afghan police were able to cover it. shortly after that, the undercover officer was speaking to bagcho and it became evident that he learned kari was an informant for the police. haji bagcho called kari and told him he would eat his soul. he was going to kill him, knew he was cooperating with the police. i called kari and told him to come in because we had to move him out of the province. his life was in too much danger. >> we got him out fast. the danger levels were all time highs. >> in early 2009 i was in charge of the jalabad enforcement group and we had s

partition and the acrimonious relations between india and pakistan. in a way, i've been forced to live in the past. and, with apologies to yeats, ifeel as if i'm drowning in a beauty that has long since faded from this earth. mohammad amir mohammad khan there, speaking to us from his beautiful family palace in uttar pradesh. next, to the summer of 1965, when a remarkable feat of engineering opened to the public. the mont blanc tunnel runs for 11 kilometres under the alps. franco cuaz worked on the project. a road tunnel under mont blanc. the dream of decades has come true and the paris—rome motorjourney is cut by 300 miles. to both france and italy this was an historic occasion. from here, this looks a pretty big hole, but when you think of the size of the mountain through which it's being driven, it's rather like trying to drive a needle through the granite foundations of edinburgh castle. franco cuaz is 91 now, and long retired, but he still lives near the mont blanc tunnel. now, in 1977, a state hospital near paris began quietly changing the way

in 2009 in which eight people were killed, only zimbabwe visited pakistan after that and pakistan were forced to play their home games in the united arab emirates. even the pakistani super league, the pakistani domestic championship had to take place in the united arab emirates. but security has been improving over the last two years and earlier this year the final of the pakistani super league was held in pakistan for the first time, the fact it went smoothly paved the way for this tour and now even the sri lankan team are due to visit pakistan at the end of next month. melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. in australia alone, which has the highest incidence of the disease in the world, one person will die from it every five hours. but a team of researchers there say there is hope after clinical trials appear to show new treatment stopping the disease and preventing it from spreading. hywel griffiths reports from sydney. there are two drug treatments which have been trialled, one doctors say reboots the immune system to attack the melanoma cells and another in a similar way o

we know that this is a small step in many ways, but a huge leap for pakistan. officials say the security will be full proof for a tour that represents a major milestone towards the possible restoration of international cricket in the country. the people of pakistan, who have bought to get in their thousands —— tickets in their thousands, the wait is almost over. three russian cyclists are taking legal action against the world anti—doping agency and canadian investigator dr richard mclaren. kirill sveshnikov, dmitry strakhov and dmitry sokolov were banned after after mclaren‘s report into state—sponsored doping in russia. the trio claim wada and mclaren carried out "a rushed and compromised investigation" — and as well as missing the 2016 0lympics they've "suffered great reputational harm". wada have declined to comment. chris froome may attempt the grand tour treble next year. on sunday he added the vuelta a espana to his fourth tour de france title, becoming only the third man to win both races in the same year. before defending those titles, he's

of international cricket in pakistan. so that the enthusiastic and diehard fans and followers of pakistan cricket can once again start watching their stars and their heroes and. now the champions league group stages get underway on tuesday was a huge game between two of europe's biggest sides in the opening round of matches barcelona face last season's run as an event to see actually not pass or out in the quarterfinals barcelona going to the match having won three straight games in the spanish league you they have the same record in syria. without any doubt you venters is a powerful team and also last season's defeat is still quite recent we know they are very good when they have the ball and they also try to play with pressure in our area they put our team on the real difficulties last year and we must take that into account and try to overcome them the new look perry sound your man also in action they play scottish champions celtic while manchester united return to the competition having won last season's europa league

of international cricket in pakistan so that the enthusiastic and diehard fans and followers of pakistan cricket can once again start watching the stars and the heroes in. south africa have accepted the first decision to strip them of a victory in world cup qualifying their two on win over senegal and has been counseled and will be played again because of match fixing by the referee south africa were given a penalty by counting off the shoulder tic for nonexistent handball which they then scored from the move is unprecedented by thieves who have also banned for life. the champions league group stages a guest on the way on tuesday and there's a huge game between two of europe's biggest size in the opening ground of matches barcelona faced the last season's runners up eventis who actually knocked barcelona out in the quarter finals go into the matter having won three straight games in the spanish league you they have the same record in syria. or the new look also in action against scottish champions celtic were now i'm all make his champions league debut for p.s.g. while that is to not to

and follows a pakistan cricket team once again start watching the. olympic leaders are gathering in peru as they map out the next decade of some of games and later this week i.o.c. president thomas baca is set to confirm that paris will host a twenty twenty four games with los angeles taking it twenty twenty eight a vent. so all other bidding cities drop out of paris and insist the games can provide a chance to build a worthwhile and sustainable legacy many times every city is working so hard to the end just to build the infrastructure they can think about the environment they can think about the economy they can think about the health of people so in the last six weeks i've been excited about a decade ten years to think about that to reimagine that and to deliver that. only build what you need otherwise you know do with the existing the temporary and that's exactly what we did ninety five percent of all venues are existing with temporary and what we're building is actually very useful for the people. there is a sense of purpose following last week's

international cricket returns to pakistan next week for the first time in eight years. and on thursday, excited fans in lahore queued for hours to buy tickets for the independence cup twenty 20 series. since an attack on sri lanka's team bus in 2009, pakistan have been forced to play the bulk of their home games in the united arab emirates. but next week lahore will host three t20 internationals between pakistan and an icc world xi — captained by south africa's faf du plessis, and led by the former england coach andy flower. pakistan are hoping the three—match series will encourage other countries to return to the country — to play all forms of the game. golf, and there's a three—way tie for the lead after the first round of the european masters at crans—sur—sierre in switzerland. the joint—leaders on 6—under—par include spain's miguel angel jimenez, who's looking for his first tour title in three years. australia's scott hend, and this man, tyrrell hatton, of england. they all opened up with a ga, and they're one shot ahead of the field overnight. the

he worked very closely together pakistan saudi arabia. yes well i would say and i would say they both have their own sort of individual problems and you reference them by attack that almost led to a war between india and pakistan and pakistan has long supported in a number of extremists but that's a separate topic to to answer your question about saudi arabia you know the fact that they that the attackers were for some saudi arabia it was not a big deal to me what is a big deal is that saudi arabia for its own reasons to try to maintain its own legitimacy as a country has basically allowed idiology extremist ideology in the form of one hop as them to flourish and has been an exporter has been a funder has been in general cheerleader for a idiology that has over time come to be the root. a set of beliefs that many who are extremists. believe in so i think you know i think saudi arabia had a pretty bad bad record and in syria we would have to agree that saudi arabia and gotter and other countries funded anti syrian forces and of course assa

hashim amla was the standout performer for the world eleven as they beat pakistan with just a ball to spare in the second t twenty of a three match series the match marks a return of big time credits pakistan with armor hitting an unbeaten seventy two to help his side overhaul pakistan's one hundred and seventy four no major test team is toward pakistan since a gun attack on the sri lanka team in two thousand and nine pakistan hope this series will be a first step towards hosting a global cricket events in the not soo distant future. get through this and to live hopefully visiting the stars. and i'm sure in a couple of years time we can start talking about those immunosuppressive most of. the man in charge of formula one says he plans to introduce reforms that will ensure more teams have a shot at title success chase carey was talking in singapore ahead of sunday's race there carrick so covers the course of f one at the start of this season he believes the half a billion dollar a year budget of leading teams like miss avies in ferrari is too high. it's just a nuclear arms race it's no

in sport international cricket has returned to pakistan after eight years of practicing exile pakistan has finally been allowed to host some of the world's best players. u.s. president donald trump passed played down the importance of the new u.n. sanctions against north korea the security council unanimously approved a resolution on monday which restricts oil imports and bans textile exports but hinted that much stronger action will be needed against pyongyang in the future. we had a vote yesterday on sanctions we think it's just another very small step. not a big deal rex and i were just discussing that not big i don't know if it has any impact but certainly it was nice to get a fifteen to nothing vote but those sanctions are nothing compared to what ultimately will have to happen. well the sanctions were significantly watered down to avoid a veto by russia and china but they still provoked a defiant reaction from north korea who warned the u.s. it could face the greatest pain its ever experienced kathy novak has more from so this was the result the u.s. ambassador to the u.n. wanted

the pakistan cricket board and of course the players the national pairs of agreed to come to pakistan after eight and a half years ideally the conditions would be that if this. goes incident free and more beans come in like i said you would come in the next month and the best of these a city would also common. for three matches so if those two are. incident free will be definitely international to get doors will be opening for pakistan and i'm sure that this kind of extraordinary security will also be to use or to be quite a normal situation barcelona have kicked off their champions league campaign with a win baiting that scene that knocked them out last season twice help our city with three events in the group d. even rockets also on the scoresheet at the nou camp the wind continues bosses impressive start to the season they've won three out of three and. here's jeez expensively assembled strike force help them beat celtic five nil neymar and killing them back getting the first champions league goals for the club with allison covenant also scoring twice it was celtic's worst ever hom

easton: pakistan, another good question. at general dunford's reconfirmation hearing, he agreed that success in afghanistan can only occur if the full weight of government can placed on pakistan and -- -- on pakistan to change their behavior actually in support of actually in support of insurgent , groups. where does the u.s. government start and what leverage do you have to convince pakistan? senator ernst: well, we do have leverage with india as well, using india to leverage pakistan. pakistan has provided an open border for terrorists and we have to stop that. the united states has provided different types of military supports for pakistan in the past, different types of equipment. we don't offer that anymore. they need to understand that you need to be good partners with us in combatting terrorism or we will not be good partners to you in enhancing your military structure. ms. easton: we've danced around that for years, so what are the prospects that that will actually change? senator ernst: i think it's actually coming

. >> it was here that adam punched out an imam and linked to pakistan and jordan. he introduced adam to bin laden. shortly after the death of his grandfather in 1998, adam disappeared in pakistan. a year later, he was arrested in pakistan and imprisoned in jordan, suspected of terrorist activities. back in california, his brother defended him, calling him a family man. he declined the request for an interview, but said his brother is dead and any questions won't help anything now. after being released in may 2001, some reports say he was killed for collaborating and others claim he was killed by soldiers in a raid in 2005. no one knows for sure. he is president of west coast islamic story and works for the state of california for the substances control. he said his brother's troubles haunts his family. just four days ago they charged adam with treason. >> it is not a crime only against the american people, but against america itself. >> the case is very important. he is now the spokesperson for al qaeda for north america. what happened at the conversion so that aft

there, thepoint national debate of some sort about attitudes to blasphemy in pakistan following this killing -- blasphemy is legally punishable by death in pakistan, and human rights groups say that blasphemy allegations are often used to settle personal vendettas. in the months following the killing, there have been no political moves at reforming blasphemy laws in pakistan. jane: a look at some other news from around the world. spain's civil police have detained 14 catalan officials and raided regional government ministries aimed at organizing an independence referendum last month. thousands of catalans took to the streets in protest and the regional leader accused madrid of being oppressive, intimidating, and totalitarian. spanish prime minister many all of the way had been forced -- said the state had been forced to act. the united nations human rights chief says that the security council should consider imposing sanctions on myanmar over its muslims. of rohingya the government blames the ohingya are provoking the conflict. the manager of england's women's football team, was been

dvd piracy in pakistan has been a multi—million dollar business over the past few decades. most international film distributors don't operate in the country — and so shops openly selling bootleg versions are widely tolerated. but as our pakistan correspondent secunder kermani found out — the piracy industry in the country seems to be dying out — and it's not because of any crackdown by the police — but because of competition from the internet. dozens of pirated dvds are being packaged up for sale. it may technically be illegal but it is big business in pakistan. at least, it used to be. dvd piracy is dying out. the rainbow centre in karachi, once called itself the biggest dvd market in asia. shops were filled with pirated films. now, however, most sell clothes or mobile phones. translation: hundreds of thousands of people used to be employed by this industry. it has been going on since the days of videocassettes now however people watch films on the internet. no-one comes here to buy them any more. until around 2005 are used to be whole factories in karachi making t

and sport international cricket has returns of pakistan after eight years in exile pakistan has finally been allowed to host some of the world's best players. al-jazeera has reached the hurricane hit caribbean island of bob you dare to witness the destruction left behind before moving on to the u.s. hurricane left a trail of devastation across the caribbean john heilemann has more now from. you may be able to see in the oven you go home it's just like any of the other news here on bob you they're completely sort of abandon this really is a desert island right now there's no water there's little food and there's no inhabitants apart from a couple of ponies or horses and dogs and cats around here the only other things here us and a few people from the government officials that don't just come out just to check out at this stage what exactly the scale of the disaster is and if we pan a little bit to our left you can get some sort of idea going past a call that just someone left there you see is an area of concrete that was. shot a shoe shop at a clothing shop before you see it not just tim

. >> pakistan, another good question. at general dunford's reconfirmation hearing he agreed success in afghanistan can occur if only full weight of government is put on pakistan in their support of insurgent groups. where does the u.s. government start and what leverage do you have to convince pakistan? >> we have leverage as we work with india as well, using india to leverage pakistan. pakistan provided open border for terrorists and we have to stop that the united states provided different types of military supports for pakistan in the past, different types of equipment. we don't offer that anymore. they need to understand that you need to be good partners with us combating terrorism or we will not be good parters to you enhancing your military structure. >> we danced around that for years but what are the processes that is actually going to change? >> i think it is finally coming to a ahead and it needs to change. those are discussions we will have as we work on comprehensive strategy for afghanistan. part of that was

to did not go directly afghanistan you went to pakistan first. this shows another level of bureaucratic tension within the cia. up until 9/11 at the you guys showed up with the operations there afghanistan have been controlled by the station in pakistan. thatdid not quite realize the world had changed as dramatically as it had. talk a little bit about that tension. >> i think they understood the significance of what had happened. i think what changed and maybe they had not realized that organizationally when they were formed up. then there role became different . previously and afghanistan we had to have a station. being closest.t they were a station in exile. i don't say you can use the term control. responsible for leading the cia operations in afghanistan up until 9/11. ofy were given the mission running and managing the cia response to 9/11 inside afghanistan. that was from the cia standpoint. think they saw themselves as the premier leader in that regard. they don't want to underestimate what the role was. it is a huge important role. they w

the examination of pakistan has never been as thorough, and the message for the need for pakistan to engage and become a responsible stakeholder in the region in the fight against terrorism. >> right now you have many forces that fight, afghan national army and americans in the old days, and would retreat to pakistan where they had safe havens and were protected by the pakistani military. do you think this will change after 40 years? >> this is the fundamental issue. if we want to indulge in the past, if context changes, do you repeat the past or move forward and seize the present? what i'm offering the pakistan government, the pakistan security apparatus, is the invitation to a comprehensive dialogue. afghans are determined to fight. no one should underestimate our wish for a secure region. afghanistan is potentially one of the richest countries on earth, given our size and population. with our natural resources, natural capital, mining, potentially oil and gas, et cetera. but the cost of war is intense and immense. every day i put a piece of stone in my heart. when i get the casual