i thought the unions wanted the whole world to be union. then the last thing i'm going to say is i'm going on too long now is -- not the last thing, one other thing. mafia, these guys are like more owned by the mafia and use labor to twist business. host: you make some great points. senator mcclellan from arkansas during the hearings in 1959 under the laundry rum griffin act, the labor management reporting and disclosure act he said compulsion and corruption go hand in hand. and he has a point. no union officials can force them into this legislative and force them to accept them as the bargaining agent and force them to pay dues as a condition of employment, that lead to interest in other things and those other things become the type of corruption you're talking about which is part of labor union history and part of all our histories but the labor unions when you compel someone to pay dues it eliminates the need for customer service and union officials i think will be st fine if they decide to do voluntary membership. the founder of the afl

unions. by 1970, the percentage of union members in public employment was greater than that in private employment. it used to be about a third of private workers were unionized, and now it's actually about a third of public workers, and single digits for private workers. many teachers today were not at their school when it first welcomed the union and they really have never had a chance to decide whether they want to keep that union, there's no recertification vote, it really has always been there. rebecca, you have been an educator for 28 years. was the union there? >> it was voted in when i was a child. >> that was that wave, the 1959 wisconsin law adding unionized workplaces. maintaining the structure of agency. so in the late 1960's, early 1970's, some public schoolteachers in michigan where they had an agency shop law and they were forced to pay dues even though they didn't want to belong to the union, challenged it in court saying this is an infringement on our first amendment rights. t

putting the union back into our union. in the last year, we saw all 27 leaders work up to the capitol hill one by one to renew their votes to each other and to our union. all of this leads me to believe the wind is back in europe's sights. we have now a window of opportunity, but it will not stay open forever. let us make the most of the moment and catch the wind in our sails. for this we must do two things. first, we should stay the course of last year. we have 16 months in which progress can be made by parliament, council, and commission. we must use this time to finish what we started and what is left and deliver on our own positive agenda. secondly, we should have direction for the future. as mark twain wrote, i'm quoting, "years from now, we'll be more disappointed by the things we did not do than by those we did." now is the time to build a more united, a stronger, and more democratic europe for 2025. mr. president, madam -- >> translator: president, ladies and gentlemen, members of the parliament, while we look towa

the union back into our union. the last year we saw all 27 liters walk up to the capitol hill one by one to our union. all of this leads me to believe believe -- we have now a window of opportunity but it will not stay open forever. we must make the most of the momentum and catch the wind in our sails. for this we must do two things. first, we have still 60 months in which progress can be made by parliament council and commission. we must use this time to finish what they started and deliver on our own positive agenda. secondly, we should tap the direction for the future. now is the time to build the morris democratic union for 2025. [speaking french] >> translator: ladies and gentlemen and members of parliament while we look toward the future we cannot lose our direction could together we have set ourselves an objective of achieving a secure union, a capital market union a banking union and a single market. together we have already traveled war on this road and the parliament has said the commission is already pre

the dom instant motif are union, union, union, nation, and on some, put a really small percentage of all of them, you also will get some mention of emancipation, often in terms of lincoln's, they'll mention lincoln's emancipation prok location when you mention union. the memorial landscape underscores powerfully the fact that union was the dominant memory of the war among the loyal citizenry of the united states. they also wrote and wrote and wrote and wrote. the civil war generation picked up pens and just outpoured the accounts, regiment al histories, memorandum waurs, published sets of letters. when you read those, you get a strong sense of just how dominant this notion of a war for union was. it's a war for union. and it's a war that ended with this grand success that ratified the work of the founders. how do you compete with the founders? that's one of the problems. all they did was establish the country in a bloody war against scummy great britain, then they are responsible for the constitution. okay. check. check. and what have we done late? how do you complete with that memor

workplace that's where unions are unions organize themselves in the workplace and if we had workplace ballots for general secretaries for example we get the same type of turn out that we get for our shop she was a representative so you're also a draw you are. brian from one hundred forty four thousand votes to put joe you know you're missing the you're missing a particular important factor if you don't mind me saying as i go on import i won't know what is important is winning i've been elected three times i'm very proud and very humbled by that but i've been elected three times as the leader of britain and islands largest union and most powerful in one thousand nine hundred seventy nine there were thirteen million people who were members of the trade union last year the figure plummeted to just over six million in twenty fifteen when you firmly ensconced as boss of unite the union membership recorded its largest annual fall since ninety ninety five they weren't exactly cheering you in their lives were they when with well again your figures and fortunately your research has suffered on

this week of exams in london a day to visit be a night trade union my guest is the union's general secretary len mccluskey to some east public activist towards the jungle capitalism to others the trade union leader who simply wants to bring about a fairer and more equal britain what's the truth for next on the live. feeds. creative. mol mol. mol. inspiring a little bit of. press or. lifestyle you're a. pure romance in sixty minutes w. . bush tango germany decides the day before the general election on d w a day dedicated to democracy from its dramatic beginnings in germany on to the present day how is the nation of culture feeling election year democracy day september twenty third long d.w. . this week conflict zone is in london at the headquarters of the unite trade union the biggest and most powerful backa of britain's labor party and its leader jeremy cole been a my guest is the union's general secretary len mccluskey just some he's read the lead hard left activist who wants to junk capitalism to others a trade union leader who simply wants to bring about a fairer and more equal britain w

by the millions people who had never been in a union people whose parents had never been in the union they saw being in a union as a way to get through a terrible depression with less damage to their lives their incomes their property their very existence then by not joining a union so that by the end of the great depression and after world war two we had a very strong union movement that was able to bargain with the business community as a whole and to be strong not to be an individual worker who can always be replaced by somebody else but to be a union in union there is strength is a very old idea and as a result the fifty's sixty's and seventy's were a time of rising wages of good job conditions and indeed of rapid economic growth but while that was good news for the working class of people the business community always had resented that during the one nine hundred thirty s. unions got stronger unions forced them to pay higher wages and in the aftermath of the war and in the aftermath of the pression they wanted to undo that and starting right away in one thousand nine hundred seve

the dominant motifs on the union once, the northern ones, are union, union, union, nation, and on some, but a really small percentage of all of them, you also will get some mention of ofncipation, often in terms lincoln's emancipation proclamation, together with union. when you look at the memorial landscape underscoring powerfully the fact that union was the dominant memory of the war among the loyal citizenry of the united states, but they also wrote and wrote and wrote. the civil war generation picked up pens and just outpour the accounts -- regimental histories, memoirs, published stacks of letters, and so forth. when you read those, you also get a really strong sense of just how dominant this notion of a war for union was. a war for union, and it is a war that ended with this grand success that gratify the work of the founders -- how do you compete with the founders? that's one of the problems. all they did was establish the a bloody war, and then they are responsible for the constitution -- ok, check, check. what have we done lately? how do you compete with that memory? how about

at the end of march 2019, we will leave the european union pick. -- union. people also voted to make sure that it was smooth so that people had confidence in their future. that is what i have set out today, and implementation period that provides for that smooth and orderly withdrawal. there will be a difference during that period, because we will be asking eu citizens to register. that is an important building rules.o the immigration that is an important stage and as taking full control of our borders. >> on the implementation transition phase, he said we would -- he said we would still be under eu regulation laws. the rollout being a member during that period -- roll out being a member during that rule out being a --ber ring that period during that period? is that a correct reading of the situation? prime minister may: one of the things i would say to you is i suggest that you start thinking not just about norway and canada , but actually about the fact that the u.k. is in a completely different relationship with the eu from either of those countries and t

the opinion polls on the european union. oh, no, never mind that, i'm more interested in the real polls with the elections. with a sceptical negative approach to what the eu does, when it comes to an assessment on whether integrationist ambitions of people like commission chief jean—claude junker are realistic, the east have the ability to block reform and it looks as though they will, see it again we are looking at a dysfunctional eu. it is precisely, if the eu is not to be an overarching empire suppressing national will, there will be always member states which will be able, if they want, to block certain decisions because it's not a dictatorship. this is all the beauty and the difficulty of constructing a european union. if you want my view, it will never be the united states of europe. i don't want it to be. will it be a multispeed europe? it is already. i mean, it has got several speeds but it could go to all sorts of different levels, on all sorts of different issues, without freedom of movement or the schengen zone

the united kingdom is leaving the european union. we will no longer be the members of its union. we understand that the single markets for freedom are individual for our european friends. we recognize that the single market is else on a balance of life and obligations. we do not pretend that you can have all the benefits of membership of the single market without its obligation. our task is to find a new framework that allows for a close economic partnership but holds those rights and obligations in a new and different balance. as we work out how to do so, we do not start with a blank sheet of paper. in fact, we start from an unprecedented position. we have the same rules and regulations as the eu. our eu withdrawal bill will make sure they are carried over into our domestic all when we leave the eu. the question for us now is not how we bring our rules and regulations closer together, but what we do when one of us wants to make changes. one way of approaching this question is to put forward a stark and unimaginative choice between two models. i do not believe either of these opt

the farm worker's union. >> tell me about his legacy, i'll come back to your story in a second but tell me about his legacy and whether or not you think even though tho this day has gotten the respect and recognition he deserves. >> no, i don't think so, cesar only went to the eighth grade, he was always educated, and didn't want recognition for himself. when people said hey, you're the leader of the chicano union, he would say no, i am the president of the farm worker's union. and that was his commitment. >> for those who were curious as i am, what is your assessment of the way we treat or mal-treat farm workers even today after all of these years. >> we are the only state, and they have the right to organize and disability insurance for farmers. >> california? >> california. >> because all the other states, farm workers don't even have a good worker's comp bill, they don't get their medical bills paid. this is still today the people who feed us throughout the united states and do not have those rights. even

we are getting out of the european union because we ca re out of the european union because we care about the future. leaving the european union is but the first step to taking control of our own destiny. the victory that we strive for is to launch our country on a path to being a global invention, a trading nation, a secure, prosperous and optimistic and confident nation. and optimistic nation that is also considered as a supporter of its friends, allies and commonwealth abroad. and is proud to be called british. across the uk, however, people see their communities changing. and they have little or no voice in the way that those communities are being shaped, that are j are are :,,.;. j'f‘are rarely f’i‘gi‘ when they are, it is a matter of and when they are, it is a matter of procedure, rather than care for their opinion. construction and housing developments are given the go—ahead without anyone being interested in what the local community thinks or how they are affected. doctors surgeries are being closed, police numbers are being closed, police numbers are being cut and crime

or would soviet union. [inaudible] >> hello. a fulbright scholar, i'm going to ask you about the role of global institutions. i'm wondering how you would respond to the criticism that even if you call this book of world history, is still a history of east versus west. still history of the global north. if we look at the role of global institutions before the global society what we see is a very dynamic discussion about the experiences some of socialism and the ideas of regimes versus global socialist regimes. we also see a dynamism and evolution of ideas of the systems coming from global countries themselves. i wonder how you would respond to that criticism and where these actors in your story? >> so the questions do me a great honor by coming to listen to me. your own work has influenced my understanding of the cold war. if we had change, in a way it would've been a different book, it depends on how you employ the true terms. the reason why called my 2005 is built into the cold war the book as you know is best understood as a f

secession the european union project is bracing for a turbulent and testing future and this is a reform starting time before another crisis hits the european powers here the calls of poor states and the ambition of the continental union and do another sixty years. is minister for european affairs sandra garth c. welcome to the show great to have you with us and as you got to the euro experiment has failed at least that's what noble economist joseph stiglitz s so are it stays number no i disagree seeing that you will experiment you are always in reality and i do not think it is certainly the eurozone and the government of the eurozone must be must be shaped up or about we have to go into you know towards their action not going backwards. now you were talking about reform right every time i heard you talk and gave interest to talk about reform but every year a zone state has its own interests at heart so why is anybody going to listen to what rome is saying right now. well i mean it is it is it is true that the debate on the eurozone and the debate on how to reform the eurozone as being p

over 900 men and 50 union members have been elected to union office in new jersey. we have a few in the congress. many in the state houses. there are county offices, things of that sort, so they can get our message out. the next important thing is to give are working people are real economic analysis. we have a program called "commonsense economics." it debunks the notion that there is nothing you can do about the economy, that you have to go with the flow, the marketplace knows everything. we break that down. those rules decide the winners and the losers. beginning to go out and be a gender-oriented, rather than people or party oriented. we will push our economic agenda and they will have to come to us. if you support that agenda, you can earn our support. if you do not support that agenda, i don't what your title is. you will not earn our support. we will focus on 2018. we will get out the word that we are not interested -- we will show them how important it is to vote. in several of those states that were lost, it was by 10,000 votes, 15,000 votes. 10,000 people

or a truly social union or. stronger must stronger body to run immigration and to counter the threat of terrorism sure i got i got your point but what this multispeed here are mean that states who are more integrated it will be they was deciding things like well the decision making may in the hands of germany and france while the rest play catch up no i mean the german the french german capital belongs to the story. i mean it is clear that it is necessary that there is an agreement between berlin and paris but is absolutely not sufficient anymore. i think it is very clear in the two capitals. because it is clear that we have to create a critical mass we see goes well beyond france and germany for second the i mean it is not that more more integrated can't decide for the other it is the other we decide not to be in the more integrated group of countries because they condition to create this group of we go faster we'll be on the only condition would be political will so the door must be open to everybody willing t

union funds, union employees sentenced to prison for larceny of over 154000 and union funds. embezzling over $350,000 of union funds. i point these out -- and i can go on -- one more case, the kansas city star, where -- it involved the union boilermakers where it went on and on about how they pretend to revise their procedures internally and two years later, they were spending the union dues money on lavish hotels, parties, etc.. i bring this up because when you talk about the union movement, the union site so many workers want to join the union but they rarely discussed the fact the you as an employee have to pay union dues or you will get fired in non-right to work states. those union dues you have to pay or you get fired and often those union dues wind up getting embezzled by corrupt union officials, etc. it's a story not told about the union movement enemies to be focused on. it's not like you can join a union in a non-right to work state that will not pay dues. the dues are used and often misused. i want to point out the bullet about the public sector -- for a decade, th

, the security aion, capital markets union, banking union, and a single market. we have already traveled far on this road and the parliament has said the commission has already presented 80% of the proposals that were set at the beginning of the mandate. we now have to work together in order to ensure the proposals become legislative acts, and that these acts are made concrete in practice. it is still the case that some consensus -- concessions will have to be made for the commission to reform the commoners island system, our solid rules on the posting of , which are controversial issues. we will get good results if everyone builds their part of the bridge so that we can meet. i would like to say that the commission is open to compromise starting from the moment that the result is good and fair for the member states. we are made to submit the remaining set of initiatives by may 2018. i spoke to the president of the european parliament and the prime and sent a letter of intentions, setting out the priorities for the upcoming year. cannot hear all of the proposals,

our labor laws are holding back the union movement so maybe it's time for a labor bill of rights last labor organizer and journalist sean richmond in just a moment and john mccain has officially come out against the gramm casti obamacare repeal bill will other republicans follow his lead last time kavanagh in valerie urban in just a moment. so one of the many and i repeat many challenges facing the american labor movement these days is the rise of so-called right to work laws on the books now in twenty eight states right to work laws try to bankrupt unions by forcing them to pay the legal fees and bargain costs of workers who are not union members basically legalize free loading we talked about this on yesterday's show a bit but there's a new bill backed by elizabeth warren another prominent democrats that would ban right to work laws in states for good unfortunately congress and the president need to change before that bill can become a law and even then it will have a tough track but while we're on the topic what are some other ways we can roll back this is salt that we've seen over

that that this was a direct attack on unions that was clearly partisan in deep in nature. the argument that they came up by this by this federal judge she inserted pretty cleverly so it's the labor movement sort of asked to catch up to. this argument that this judge . raised and they have been i understand that there's a case that's been filed in idaho which which went right to work some time in the one nine hundred eighty s. . but it's largely untested and is going to work its way through the courts unlike that california case that you're citing and it's illinois based sequel janus versus after me where the entire purpose of the plaintiffs is to get to the supreme court as quickly as possible so what they do is they don't even make an argument they say rule against us so we can appeal rule against us so we can appeal the legal challenges against these right to work statutes are there actually trying to put a put an argument in for in front of the judges and so it's going to work its way up through an appeals process. which was obviously more encouraging when judge diane w

to deny unions across the country funding they've already done it to private sector unions which are below ten percent the last bastion of organized labor is now in the public sector where you have about a third of public sector workers unionized if you can get this these last struck down these user fees are freeloader for the laws that's going to be end of the public sector unions they're not going to be able to have any financing mechanism as much scott walker did in wisconsin yeah and this is this actually could have happened a few years ago this is antonin scalia haunting again this case when it was friedrichs versus california teachers association came before the supreme court was going to be defeated but in school had died now we've got corsets on the court who is likely going to vote the same way that's clear would have voted in and which is not going to be a good thing and just for the record something that is almost never mentioned in the media is that people workers in union states on average earn six thousand dollars a year more than workers in so-called right to work for

people voted to leave the european union, although sold on a sole —— european union, although sold on a sole — — false european union, although sold on a sole —— false premise, but i think staying in the single market will meet some of the concerns of the public. what is going to happen at this conference? around a0 motions have been put down about having a debate on brexit and the single market, many saying that we should stay in the single market. is there a realistic possibility that by the end of this conference, labour party policy could be continued membership of the single market? yes, i hope so, and if not by the end of this conference, within a matter of weeks or months. it is the only place we can sensibly be if we want to save the economy, end austerity. what do you say to those mps representing often very traditional labour seats where there was a big brexit vote, people are very concerned about immigration and freedom of movement? their concern is that if we stay in the single market, we have to stick with freedom of movement. only seven mps rebelled against the l

the union army that had confronted robert e. lee too many battles had lost decisively at fredericksburg, virginia, in 1862. they lost in chancellorsville in where general stonewall jackson was killed. after two years of war in virginia, robert e. lee was short of supplies, food and heipment and clothing and began an invasion of pennsylvania in june of 1863 to end the war. lee saw it has his last chance for victory. although lee had been beating the war into pennsylvania, defeat the union army on northern soil. moving away from the defenses of washington and crush it in pennsylvania. and lee knew there was a growing peace movement. the copper head movement. if he could defeat the army of pennsylvania, the people would rise up and demand that it were negotiating with geoff davis and hope the southern states will be able to break away and have their own countries. for the hottest day of july, 1863 lee's army would battle george meade's army. when it was over, was undeniable the union army had finally beaten robert e. lee then rober

the dom instant motif are union, union, union, nation, and on some, put a really small percentage of all of them, you also will get some mention of emancipation, often in terms of lincoln's, they'll mention lincoln's emancipation prok location when you mention union. the memorial landscape underscores powerfully the fact that union was the dominant memory of the war among the loyal citizenry of the united states. they also wrote and wrote and wrote and wrote. the civil war generation picked up pens and just outpoured the accounts, regiment al histories, memorandum waurs, published sets of letters. when you read those, you get a strong sense of just how dominant this notion of a war for union was. it's a war for union. and it's a war that ended with this grand success that ratified the work of the founders. how do you compete with the founders? that's one of the problems. all they did was establish the country in a bloody war against scummy great britain, then they are responsible for the constitution. okay. check. check. and what have we done late? how do you complete with that memor

well the european powers here are the cause of poor states and then the ambition of the continental union and you were another sixty years. it was minister for european affairs sandra garth c. welcome to the show great to have you with us and as you got to the euro experiment has failed at least that's what noble economist joseph stiglitz s so are it stays numbered no i disagree i do not seeing that you will experiment you are always in reality and i do not think it does feed certainty the eurozone and the government of the eurozone must be must be shaped up or about we have to go to war this direction not going backwards. no you were talking about reform right every time i heard you talk and gave interviews to talk about reform but every year a zone state has its own interests at heart so why is anybody going to listen to what rome is saying right now. well i mean it is it is it is true that the debate on the eurozone and the debate on how to reform the eurozone as being postponed many times but i do believe that in the second half of this year the time will be right to open the debate t

they are going to attack this union garrison at winchester. brother versus brother, this was a time where it really was. the second virginia and the 87th pennsylvania met on the battlefield and the third day they collided. the confederate got the better of it. the union was retreating. they took 200 prisoners from the 87th pennsylvania. one of them was not william culp. he and several other soldiers walked back to gettysburg. they got back three or four days later. some ladies in the town right about that. other prisoners are paraded through camp. this is when wesley sees a familiar face, an old friend of his and distant cousin. this shared that they shared the same great-grandfather. can i do anything for you? he said i am fine, but jack scilly is at the edge of the woods, and he is wounded. wesley finds his old friend, has him taken to a hospital. they have a conversation. this is part of the jenny wade legacy. scilly andi -- jack jenny wade were romantically linked. there is a message for jenny. in the early 1900s, he gave wes a message for

is like the unions. you can visit but you can't come back. and i work. the german election is over and angela merkel remain chancellor this week conflict zone isn't the limb and my guest is german politician leads he is a member of the european parliament and the social democrats who have just suffered a stunning defeat now that the votes are counted worse germany headed. annelise well come to conflict zone the german election is over and your party's candidate martin scholtz didn't manage to convince enough voters that he should to be the next german chancellor he failed miserably yes we feared miserably as a party and. we had a swing which was interesting last january where we very close actually same level up at that time your candidate got one hundred percent from your party i think it was a little bit too optimistic at that time well it was not a question of to be optimistic it was a question if he is convincing the party to be the leader and to run as a translator candidate. there first. time during the lender elections nobody wanted to participate

will be outside the european union. we can tackle the greatest social and economic challenges we face in this era of globalization. the answer for these questions is to not become isolationist. the economic problems of the west cannot be to turn our back on globalization. instantly the world for once again. --it is to lead the world forward once again. we must develop our economies in areas where we have a disadvantage. this is the great prize we can win from brexit. we can strike new trade agreements across the globe, including with the european union. in britain which is temperate and logical. we are the world's fifth largest economy. achieving this will not be easy. we need global businesses to help us achieve our global goals. many of you sitting in this room. what invention has helped saved the lives of billions of people. i usually get the answer antibiotics or medical technology, the real answer is free-trade and capitalism. free-trade has delivered an unrivaled increase in prosperity across the globe. it has rai

union officer sentenced for embezzling union funds. union employee sent to prison for larceny in over $190,000 union funds. i point these out and i can go on. one more case, "kansas city star" where -- i'll just -- it involved the union boilermakerers where it went on and on about how they pretended to revise their procedures internally and two years later they were spending the union dues' money on lavish hotel, parties, et cetera. i bring this up because when you hear talk about the union movement and when they talk about so many workers want to join unions they rarely see any discussion of the fact. you as an employee have to pay union dues or you will get fired in nonright to work states. so those union dues you have to pay and you get fired and often those union dues are embezzled by corrupt union officials and it is a story not told by the union movement and needs to be focused on. it's not like you can use a union. these dues are used and often they're misused. lastly, i want to point out that the bullet here and the public sect

works of up next, we continue to take a look at the soviet union. the internal propaganda is a 15 minute film from 1995, and telling what the cia argues is a vast system of indoctrination that discourages individualism and encourages passive acceptance of chrome and roles from cradle-to-grave. in 2011, the information management service classified over 200 documents regarding intelligent on the soviet union. the cia provided the reagan administration, including enemies were video briefings created by the director of intelligence for policymakers. >> the soviet communist party has not faced a serious internal threat to its political rule since the 1920's. yet after years of force sacrifices by the population, shortages of food and clothing process. housing remains inadequate. intellectual and artistic expression are stifled. and growing corruption reaches all levels of society. the soviet people respond with the public displays of cynicism, but they almost never openly challenge the authority of the leadership. the soviet regime does not hesitate to

while admitting that the soviet union lacks -- union lags behind the west in providing consumer goods, it's propaganda machine explains this i saying that -- explains this by saying that russia had been a backward country at the time of the revolution and progress toward the socialist idea had been halted by world war ii. in no way does the regime blamed its problems on deficiencies in the system. at the same time, propaganda plays on the high-priority most -- priority many soviet citizens place on a personal security, i -- security, by claiming that the distribution of income, education and health benefits are more equitable than in capitalist countries. to underscore this claim, the regime points to the lack of job security and the existence of unemployment in western market economies. the propaganda machine also exploits crime statistics from western countries and makes it appear that the u.s. in particular is a lawless society where the individual's personal -- individual's physical security is constantly at risk. the soviet media go to great lengths to portray leadership as thoro

veterans got the better of it, the union was -- the confederate government better of it, the union was retreating. they took 200 prisoners from the 87th pennsylvania. one of them was not william culp. they walked back to gettysburg. they got back three or four days later. some ladies wrote about that. other prisoners are paraded through camp. this is when wesley sees a familiar face, an old friend of his and distant cousin. this shared that they shared the same great-grandfather. can i do anything for you? he said i am fine, but jack scilly is at the edge of the woods, and he is wounded. finds his old friend, have him taken to a hospital. they have a conversation. this is part of the way to legacy. they were -- channing wade legacy. they were romantically linked. there is a message for jenny. in the early 1900s, he gave wes a message for his mother. they talked, does not appear that was a written message. could have been verbal, then jack dies in early july. there was one other position change or assignment change before the guys. robert hoffman got tired of going awol, they put him in

in short, we want to work hand-in-hand with the european union, rather than as part of the european union. that is why in my speech at lancaster house, i said that the united kingdom would seek to secure a new, deep, and special partnership with the european union. this should span both a new economic relationship and a new relationship on security. let me set out what each of these relationships could look like before turning to the question of how we get there. let me start with the economic partnership. the united kingdom is leaving the european union. we will no longer be the members of its single market or customs union. we understand that the single markets for freedom are indivisible for our european friends. we recognize that the single market is built on a balance of rights and obligations. and we do not pretend that you can have all the benefits of membership of the single market without its obligation. so our task is to find a new framework that allows for a close economic partnership but holds those rights and obligations in a new and different balance. but as we work out toge

the unions are calling for things like 596 unions are calling for things like 5% pay increases. each one percentage point costs about £2 billion. if the unions got their way, we need an extra £10 billion. that's around 2.5 p on the basic rate of income tax. this isn't free money and it all has to come from taxes. rob money isjust money and it all has to come from taxes. rob money is just taxes money and it all has to come from taxes. rob money isjust taxes in the future. thank you. let's talk about one of the greatest names in british theatre. a former director of the national theatre, he founded the royal shakespeare company at the age ofjust 29. in 2011, sir peter hall talked about the highlights of his career in the bbc series five minutes with. i do what i like and i like what i do. can't really say more than that. i see people trudging off to work, doing jobs which are boring, or temporary, and you think, how dreadful. i don't even think of it as work. i don't. i get up and go and rehearse. how wonderful. sir peter hall speaking in 2011. robert 0'dowd is chairman of the r

how much would you be prepared to pay for access to the customs union? guest: that depends on the negotiation. when you leave a club or you get divorced, frankly, he will have a divorce bill to settle. that is what the u.k. is negotiating with the european union at the moment of it if you , you have to pay the sufficient feet. mind, butve a fee in if we leave the customs union, british businesses are looking at a brexit era proceed bombshell, the kind of extra checks at the border, reports that we will be faced with, will present a massive album for british business. so many people have said. it will be immensely damaging. one of the interesting things is that the chief adviser to the secretary of state for brexit produced a report that said, we are looking at a hit to the economy of 25 billion pounds a year if we leave the customs union. arguingwhy they are that matches during the traditional period after we leave, we should be looking to stay in the union. that is another we can work with, 25 billion. what you are saying, you have your expectation that

and the european union. it was here more than anywhere else that the renaissance began. -- sawin history that is centuries of creativity and critical thought across our continent and which in many ways defined what it meant to be european. whose exampleory shaped the modern world. a time of history that teaches us that when we come together in a spirit of ambition and innovation, we have it within ourselves to do great things. that shows us if we open our minds to new thinking and new possibilities, we can forge a better, brighter future for all our people. and that is what i want to focus on today. a new anding through critical time in the history of the united kingdom's relationship with the european union. the british people have decided to leave the eu and to be a global, free trading nation able to chart our own way in the world three and for many, this is an exciting time, full of promise. for others it is a worrying one. i look ahead with optimism, believing that if we use this moment to change not ju

period in the history of the united kingdom's relationship with the european union the british people have decided to leave the e.u. and to be a global free trading nation able to chart our own way in the world for many this is an exciting time full of promise for others it is a worrying one i look ahead with optimism believing that if we use this moment to change not just our relationship with europe but also the way we do things at home this will be a defining moment in the history of our nation and it is an exciting time for many in europe too the european union is beginning a new chapter in the story of its development just last week president younkers set out his ambitions for the future of the european union there is a vibrant debate going on about the shape of the e.u.'s institutions and the direction of the union in the years ahead we don't want to stand in the way of that indeed we want to be your strongest friend and partner as the e.u. and the u.k. thrive side by side and that partnership is important for as we look ahead we see shared challenges and opportunities in common

union isn't ready planning massive protests so far few if any other unions have committed to joining them many economists say that's no surprise because the planned reforms are moderate overall they'd like to see even more changes. in me afloat we really need our tax cuts to provide incentives for investors. the government also needs to slash incidental wage costs and improve training and continuing education. that's the only way our businesses will become competitive again. we told. you the. mother of a grandfather also hopes that this first round will be followed by additional reforms which have two employees i'd like three but can't afford it the incident wage costs are too high more reforms are in the works to lower non wage labor costs and relaxed rules against dismissal but it's unlikely french unions would waive that through without a fight. and we can speak to karen hornet now she's an economist at home university and she is currently in perth to new york in the south of france karen good to have him with us now most economists do tend to agree that these reforms are necessar