forces in africa. aboutt we must be clear to the forces in the united states of america, that neither france nor the united states can have any political legitimacy in africa went on the streets of the united states of america, fascists are walking around with massive flags and police are killing black people. i want to go back to the point from the beginning. the united states has no legitimacy for fighting terrorism in africa because it cannot fight to defend black lives in africa when black lives are not important in the united states of america. amy: your response to what he says, nick turse? >> it makes a strong point there. i might add come into something in my recent pieces, that the united states counterterror activities in africa seem to have the opposite effect in many ways, that the u.s. was supposed to be building up counterterrorism capabilities but we have just seen a proliferation of terror groups all across the continent. so the legitimacy is lacking. also the execution has really gone

a sense that, really, south africa is not the south africa they were promised. jonathan jansen says that when speaking to students, if the late nelson mandela gets any mention at all, it's as a sellout. "the man who led south africa into a soft transition which left white privilege undisturbed and black poverty undiminished." he is right, isn't he? he's wrong. he's wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong. he's not wrong to say that that's what people are saying, but what they are saying misses almost completely the reality of what was achieved. we had to destroy the system of apartheid to open the way to economic transformation. but it hasn't happened. if we tried everything at once we would have had chaos, disaster, collapse. people would have said, "black majority rule just leads to chaos." so we dismantled the institutions of apartheid, we integrated the army, and we gave power to parliament to bring about transformation. if parliament has not done enough, that is a very valid question, but don't blame mandela, don't blame the constitution. i am not a lawyer's lawy

made in africa. now to jazz from south africa musicians such as miriam a cable and m. do the ebro him have had global careers now a new generation is letting its voices be heard. and. the marketing me is one of south africa's leading jazz musicians he sings for a nation still torn apart some twenty five years after the end of apartheid. this song is a part a call tool our ancestors to try to healing edge and healing to these candidates and set up. the fight for equal opportunities part of and so marketing his biography born in one thousand nine hundred two he experienced south africa's transition to a post apartheid rainbow nation. the pianist is a sangoma or natural healer he wants to use his music to help his home and overcome the trauma of racial segregation. my. sort of lessons in where. they were in ceremonies you know my first lessons of how money they were in chess news e.q. know everything you know and also what it's said to me was this music was introduced in a spiritual mode so this is something i love to hold to myself. and do to marketing me belongs to a ne

for some people it's whoever comes to south africa from anywhere else in africa. all the good stuff from malaysia, east indies. >> there's different colonialists. >> does original african have any meaning? >> this wood is originally pine. >> i arrived spectacularly ignorant. i will leave spectacularly ignorant. that's it. look how much coffee's in here? fresh coffee. so rich. i love it. that's why you should be a keurig man! full-bodied. are you sure you're describing the coffee and not me? do you wear this every day? everyday. i'd never take it off. are you ready to say goodbye to it? go! go! ta da! a terrarium. that's it. we brewed the love, right guys? (all) yes. we brewed the love, right guys? t-mobile's unlimited now includes netflix on us. that's right. netflix on us. get 4 unlimited lines for just $40 bucks each. taxes and fees included. and now netflix included. so go ahead. binge on us. another reason why t-mobile is america's best unlimited network. i'm vern, the orange money retirement rabbit, from voya. i'm the money you save for retirement. who's he?

and that is what we did south africa. was just about the only country that voluntarily gave up its nuclear weapons how do you think the world would. get countries like north korea and israel to give up the us i don't think there's any quick fix for that situation or a simple recipe what i do believe ynys a nuclear weapon free world are advocated and i have done so from many platforms in the past years those who have it legitimately in terms of international law and agreements need to be part of the solution the basis on which for instance the usa england france and russia where now to have it and continue to have it but others not has fallen away that was how the balance of power was at the end of the second world war that balance of power have changed fundamentally so the starting point for a big review of the whole issue of. nuclear weapons lies in a new debate but not just a debate in a new round table discussion to review and revise existing agreements with a view to reach a new agreement which says all those who have

africa command. they decided that maybe they needed a separate command headquarters that would focus exclusively on africa and so the bush administration under donald rumsfeld was running the pentagon at the time decided to to do that set up a separate command just for africa. the united states is the only country to have divided the world into separate military sectors to monitor and patrol these are north com haqqani south can you calm centcom and now africa. under the stated goals of fighting terrorism and providing humanitarian assistance afrikan implanted itself on the continent conducting military exercises with a growing number of african countries. but was this the only reason for africa for possibly a guide i saw it but i don't hold any thought that the oil is there is out there i mean sort of course you know you set up a variable's up from utah is a notorious list therefore so who are some of the p.r.c. daughter or. security i don't know is also going to make sure that i don't they are me a

isis-captured arms in south africa? >> the way we look at it is one single horn on the black market can buy as many as 1,000 ak-47 rifles. one single horn can keep 75 isis fighters in kit and armaments for 12 months. >> isis has been very creative in their ability to generate revenue to fund their activities. they sold oil on the black market. they sold stolen antiquities. they have engaged in criminal activity. kidnapping and extortion. >> reporter: all of this comes at a very tense time for south africa. violent crime and unemployment are soaring. and south africa's president zuma is facing an escalating movement to remove him from office. >> their border control organizations and law enforcement organizations are overstretched. concerns about corruption in government. there's large areas of land that are essentially ungoverned. >> reporter: now isis fighters are on the run after losing their capital, raqqah, to government forces, possibly making south africa more appealing. >> for those reasons, law enforcement, coun

if you had stayed in africa. it would have been different because of the technology that we don't have. within have that in the 80s or the 905. now that we don't have. within have that in the 805 or the 905. now you have studios in benin, and pretty much everywhere in africa, people have a macbook or a pc where they can be mu5ic macbook or a pc where they can be music now. the young kids today are really savvy about that because of the internet. they can have 5ound5 here, they can get this. it was very difficult. my first album, believe it or not, that are recorded in 1980, i had to travel, there was a student loan for university that everybody has a right to have, i had to ta ke everybody has a right to have, i had to take that loan to come to paris on record my first album that require korea through —— broke my career through. so i knew i would have to be recording and going and coming back and forth. i was a professional. i wanted my sound to be different. i wanted my music to embody not only the tradition

peacekeepers are in africa. and thankfully the vetting as will has been very supportive to change that mindset of the rogue armies can just make another comment. in addition to the record. they come in. and let me just say. looking after the future leaders in the military and foreign affairs. and i was called to come back to the state department to help. not even a nanosecond of course. and coming back to the bill. they are the same as how do we develop and mentor the officers. i had been away three years and i think we have the youngest bureau in the department state. in order to work on the re- design on form. and how do we develop and chant train. how do we do better mentoring. that i am really enthused about. that's what gets me up every day. that's what i want to do every single solitary day. i appreciate that. and i know it for for my general enthusiasm. it's really important to have your spirits lifted. in terms of the usa idaho in particular. i hope when reorg is happening that we look at doing foreign a

made in africa. now to jazz from south africa musicians such as miriam a cable and do that you bring him have had global careers now a new generation is letting its voices be heard. and. the marketing me is one of south africa's leading jazz musicians he sings for a nation still torn apart some twenty five years after the end of apartheid. this song is a part a call tool our ancestors to try to healing that and healing to this generation sort of. the fight for equal opportunities part of a marketing his biography born in one thousand eight hundred two he experienced south africa's transition to a post apartheid rainbow nation. the pianist is a sangoma or natural healer he wants to use his music to help his home and overcome the trauma of racial segregation. sort of lessons in. their way in ceremonies you know my first lessons of how money they were in chess news e.q. know everything you know and also what it's said to me was this music was introduced in a spiritual mode so this is something i love to

proxy wars and secret ops in africa." and "next time they will come to count the dead war and survival in south sudan" he joins us in new york. thank you for joining us. >> thank you for having me on. >> excuse the raspiness of the voice. i think i can get through it. an important conversation, why i am here. >> sure. >> let me start reviewing what happened on capitol hill today very quickly. so, general mattis was on the hill today testifying. and was essentially pressed on whether or not these troops, these american troops in niger were operating under the military authorization put on the books after, after, 9/11. he essentially set they were not operating under that war authorization of, of 2011. but instead were operating what he referred to as title 10. this would be the u.s. code that allows u.s. military troops to train and advise, in areas around the globe. so he tried to be very clear, that this was not u.s., these were not u.s. soldiers operating under military authorization. you can imagine that didn't sit wel

and africa currency. last year, president obama said that going into libya was the biggest mistake of his presidency. later in october of 2016, the british parliament had a report that said that going into libya was based on lies. the only government that did not respond was the french government. that mobilized those your called al qaeda to fight against qaddafi. the same french government that mobilized the so-called al qaeda mali, in niger, is mobilizing in the united nations to get the african union to get toe countries in africa support france, to get the united nations to send millions of dollars in the so-called fight. the challenge for us in the peace and justice movement is to oppose the united states and france in the so-called war on terror. with the people in africa need is money for reconstruction, health, housing, employment, and changing the natural environment so that the millions of use can get jobs. it makes no sense for the united states of america to be spending $100 million to build a

six africa has become a second home for me over the last six years. i was already interested in the place because my wife is from africa with them. but the beauty of the continent has often overshadowed by political instability there might not be a western african spring just yet but in two thousand and fifteen working a fast so saw a large scale political upheavals. it was an exciting year with a lot happening in society. first there was the revolution where the president was handed out. in the provisional government was also ousted in a coup before elections were held so pretty much everything that can happen in one year did happen. also worked with the folks national football academy while in brooklyn a fast so it was set up with german help ten years ago it bears the physical scars of military conflict. when. you can see the bullet holes or hear from a grenade. the roof was also shot up by machine gun fire. the boys were home because of school holidays and. the mosquito nets also disappeared in the mattresses. the regular army needed a place to sl

troops in africa? gen. dunford: what i would tell you is the majority of our operations in africa are designed to support the training, advising, and assisting of local african partners. we mitigate the risk to u.s. forces with specific guidance that we'll only accompany those forces when the prospects of enemy contact is unlikely. there are other areas in africa where we have a different construct. what i described is the construct that exists in west africa. clearly, and you have seen it in recent days, we have a different type of operation against al qaeda organizations inside east africa. we tailor the conduct of u.s. forces based on the threat. the bias in africa is to support local forces in dealing with the threat. where there is a threat to the u.s. homeland, american people, or our allies, we're going to do whatever is necessary to address that particular threat. so if we had -- let me just be clear, use an example. if we have a specific threat to the homeland and local forces are unable to deal wi

troops in africa? gen. dunford: i think it's premature to talk about what additional troops or changes in r.o.e. would make. we're watch very carefully with the fall of raqqa and mosul what the enemy will do. that is one of the reasons i have 75 representatives here tonight is to talk about the next phase of the campaign. i described it as inflection point. one of the places we know isis has aspirations to establish a larger presence is in africa. we know how important libya and the sinai have been to the islamic state. we know how much they have tried to get into east africa and of coarse the scenario we're , talking about here today in west africa. we're watching that very carefully and we are going to make recommendations to the secretary and the president for allocation of forces that meet what we see as a threat, what we anticipate the threat to be. but i certainly wouldn't talk about what we would do tomorrow at this moment. >> for now, have the combatant commanders or chiefs made recommendations to t

troops in africa? >> what i would tell you is that the majority of our operations in africa are designed to support the training, advising and assisting of the local african partners. and we mitigate the risk to u.s. forces with specific guidance that we will only accompany those forces when the prospects of enemy contact is unlikely. there are other areas in africa where we have a different construct. so what i just described to you is the construct that exists in west africa. clearly, and you've seen it in recent days, we have a different type of operation against al qaeda, al shabaab and al qaeda organizations inside of east africa, so, you know, we tailor the contact of u.s. forces based on the threat. the bias in africa is to support local forces with a local threat. where there is a local threat to the u.s. homeland, the american people our our allies, we're going to do everything that is necessary to address that particular threat. let me be clear and use an example. if we have a specific threat

the kaiser sent a contingent of several hundred troops to german southwest africa. the purpose of this so-called protection force was to guarantee the safety of the german settlers traders and miners but also the missionaries. traces of the german presence are still visible all over now. thank. the germans built the railway for economic and military purposes. the landmark christers cash are now stands in the shadow of the grandiose national museum of namibia. the museum used to be housed in the old fort the headquarters of the former protection force. here you can see a once famous a question monument the rider of the southwest now relegated to a back courtyard. the lutheran church in namibia is still struggling to come to terms with its colonial heritage. and. struggling with those with those. divisions. made somewhere else and. they have become a problem now integration is still a challenge for an image in society in the schools as well as in churches. the local lutheran churches have a lot of political clout almost ninety percent of the population is christian an

west africa. since 2011 french and u.s. troops have trained a 5,000-person west african force and over 35,000 soldiers from the region to fight terrorists and affiliated with isis, al qaeda and boca haram. let me address the specific events in niger that took place early this month. on the 3rd of october, 12 members of the u.s. special operations task force, accompanied 30 nigerian forces from the capital city to an area near the village of tongo tongo. approximately 85 kilometers to the north was the location of that village. on the 4th of october, u.s. and nigerian forces began moving back south. en route to their operating base the patrol came under attack from approximately 50 enemy using small arms fire, rocket-propelled grenades and technical vehicles. what i want to do now is i want to walk through, for you, the timeline that we have and kind of what i'd categorize as what we know about the incident. earlier in the morning of 3rd october, u.s. forces accompany that nigerian unit on a reconn

to make friends we already have friends in europe in name gree the africa is a conflict zone ok. the entire continent of africa is not a conflict zone yes it is more combative terrorism and clashing with the chinese who are forming friendships with africans we need supposed to be a conflict zone. when are we there for terrorists or competition with the chinese that's another area of conflict in africa the conflict between our stated reason for being there and our actual reason the other god everyone. will be you the way too late for you i don't think you should be in our country as long as you've been arrested for a crime are truth bomb that only we do know has more. i just got tickets to see one of my favorite musicals oklahoma. so like kevin durant's this musical is as close as i'm willing to get to oklahoma because the second highest incarceration rate in the nation either. of our black asses is trying to take a field trip there any time soon. but oklahoma does realize their prison population rivals the size of the state universities and that low level drug offenders in partic

finally on display in africa. it's very important that we have a museum like this of scale so that we have a map of voices that could be heard that we could have two multiple exhibitions running at the same time from many different countries across africa or the dies for them so that we can demonstrate the richness this richness has not gone unnoticed by the international same. as commanding top prizes at international auctions has dragon like installation now hovers in the atrium of that site's museum of contemporary art africa. but there is also room for new discoveries divider is an installation by longest into rope and beer bottles everyday objects that can also do harm. longest walk in woodstock cape town's ops district the what if the world gallery here is displaying her work force memorial one a critical look at the monuments of the colonial rulers. the guess was art is decidedly political fighting against established structures from the dark days of colonialism and apartheid. i want to shift things i want

six africa has become a second home for me over the last six years. and i was already interested in the place because my wife is from africa. but the beauty of the continent has often overshadowed by political instability there might not be a western african spring just yet but in two thousand and fifteen booking a fast so saw a large scale political upheavals. it was an exciting year with a lot happening in society. at first there was the revolution where the president was hounded out. in the provisional government was also ousted in a coup before elections were held so pretty much everything that can happen in one year did happen with. horror also worked with the folks who national football academy while in booking a fast so it was set up with german help ten years ago it bears the physical scars of military conflict. well. you can see the bullet holes or hear from a grenade. the roof was also shot up by machine gun fire. in italy the boys were at home because of school holidays. but the mosquito nets also disappeared in the mattresses. the regular

in west africa. this is part of a global strategy. as we've seen many times, groups like isis and al-quaida pose a threat to the united states, the american people and our allies. they're a global threat enabled by the flow of foreign fighters and they want to exploit weaknesses in local governments and security forces. if you think of them as connective tissue between groups across the globe. our strategy is to cut that tissue and enabling local security forces to deal with challenges in their countries and region. we can be proud of our progress, we have to acknowledge our work is not done. even with the fall of mosul and raqqa. that's why tonight i'm going to welcome chiefs of defense and representatives from 75 different countries to improve the effectiveness of our military network to defeat terrorism. in our discussions the next day or two, we'll focus on improving information sharing to detect and defeat attacks before that occur. that's what our forces in niger were doing. the united states m

i would point also to north africa, not just west africa. again, a wide range of terrorists and extremists groups already -- even predating isis operated in libya, algeria, morocco. so the arrival of isis on the scene only added another player to what was already a difficult terrorism situation. i would characterize it largely a local problem, a significant threat to our interests, rather than something truly transnational. but you don't have to look far africa edges of close to europe. the southern tier of europe. they concerns we have about foreign fighters migrating in the europe, those are not just iraq and syrian fighters we worry about. those are foreign fighters we worry about transiting from northern africa onto the european continent. halfway point. deb: do you see any isis presence in the united states other than people who have been ? spired by nicholas: by and large that is her biggest concern in the united states. individuals who are motivated by, inspired by tapping into the isis ideology. beyond that we certainly don't see at

africa command. they decided that maybe they needed a separate command headquarters that would focus exclusively on africa's and so the bush administration under donald rumsfeld was running the pentagon at the time decided to to do that set up a separate command just for africa. the united states is the only country to have divided the world into separate military sectors to monitor and patrol these are north com. south com you com cent com and now africa. under the stated goals of fighting terrorism and providing humanitarian assistance afrikan implanted itself on the continent conducting military exercises. with a growing number of african countries. but was this the only reason for africa possibly a god i saw no doubt heard a little today or you still is out there america sort of caught you know or set up a barrier was up from utah is a journalist a force of some the p.r.c. auto. security i don't know source and. i know there are us to press on but screwed up by the un or just of all. beijing had

and central africa and countries. as far away as the philippines and south asia we're going to be in africa for many years to come probably with an escalated military commitment and all of their funding is coming from where their resources which resources the well resources of their firearms of their material their ability to organize and communicate how are these groups growing in africa they are able to take advantage of very very difficult situations and terms of lack of governance corruption what happened in libya they go where things are weak of course they do eventually they're able to thrive ok so is there a strategy right now by the united states or basically following what the obama administration did was that they would basically hit and run now i don't know if there's a specific strategy for the continent i think it's really on an individual country basis but this is part of an operation of what they call foreign internal defense we're hoping african countries african governments african militaries defeat t

this is a question that goes more to north africa. since you have identified the subnational regions that have the economic and social political marginalization issues is your study going to lend itself to a solution of perhaps focusing international aid other than intergovernmental agencies and individual countries like usa as a way to stanchthe recruitment of isis fighters by improving the source of isis fighters. >> this is one of the key areas that are report intervenes the existing debate. there is a current debate which i will give you the media narrative obviously within academic and policy and it's a bit more detail but it goes something like there is a set of people who say we need to give them jobs and then there's a bunch of people who say jobs for jihadists, that will make the difference. one of the findings of the debate is that it is unhelpful to get at district and many of the areas of north africa we look at the subnational areas they don't appear to be something about being underemployed or not having a stable job tha

>> reporter: this could become the new normal in south africa. herds of hornless rhino. >> we want our rye nhino to las long as possible. we want to be able to harvest horns as much as we can. >> reporter: many farmers say it's a no-brainer. even those like lynn mccalfish who once opposed it, has changed her mind. >> i will never get over it. >> critics dehorning min dehorning means you want to make money. >> dehorning is the last resort. we've got our backs up against the wall now. >> reporter: but dehorning entails a new threat. >> the minute the horn comes off the animal, the risk is immediately. >> reporter: you have weapons, everything else for protection. >> so everyone is armed. >> reporter: a young calf is up first. they dart it right away. but the mother needs a second dose. niko comes in for the dart and off they go. the horns are cut and sanded. leaving behind only a couple of inches. so it can regrow. >> it looks almost like, it's the same as if you were cut your nails. it has keratin in it. >> reporter: and just like the fingernails,

has a military footprint in africa and the more you learn about it and you can learn about it but you won't find out about it on the on the networks is that footprint has been growing and growing and growing and when you go to congress you go do this super hawk. lindsey graham and maybe he's feigning ignorance. but he's i didn't know anything about this ok i mean that's part of his job is my fundamental question for this program is that the u.s. fights endless wars but the american people really don't particularly care because they're not really informed and if they were informed i don't know what their reaction would be go ahead peter. and they also don't care because it doesn't really affect them directly there they're paying a lot of tax dollars to support these wars around the globe but very few people are serving fewer than one percent of the american public population is in the military most people don't even know anybody in the military and they just don't pay attention so it's sort of like one thousand nine hundred four the planes go off but people are not paying attention and

a breeding ground for political crisis in africa now what what is this all me and is it true it's not really a very new hot spot we established afrikan in two thousand and seven to deal as manila's said before with the spread of radical islamist terrorism mostly in the sahara region in northern africa a president obama sent several hundred u.s. forces into new share specifically to help the government in that military deal with the threat from boko haram south in nigeria. mali which is to the west of me share an islamic state which is in libya north of new share and we now have about ten thousand missions throughout the continent in about twenty countries about ten thirty five hundred missions a year about ten a day throughout the african continent helping militaries in about twenty countries deal with radical islamism within their borders what do you make of the pentagon being slow with details on what happened to the four american soldiers i don't really have a good explanation on that ed i think they're trying to figure out what happened over there i think they were stunned as anyo