twenty nine dropped an atomic bomb on hiroshima. the copilot robert lowe is sad my god what have we done. the explosion caused some eighty thousand deaths thousands more would die in the coming weeks months and years from exposure to radiation the front page of the daily news read atomic bomb hit a city vanished. eighteen years earlier the bombing of guernica had shocked public opinion across the globe but after all the intensive bombing campaigns in the intervening years few people were shocked anymore. philosopher al back home you raised one of the rare opposing voices. our technological civilization has reached its final degree of savagery governments must choose definitively between hell and reason. truman had chosen he immediately sent the emperor another ultimatum. if they do not know except. they made expect a radio from the air the like of which has never been seen on this earth. but a true man may have worried that stalin who had just successfully launched a blistering attack against the japanese army in manchuria would ste

(dramatic music) - [radio host] a short time ago, an american airplane dropped one bomb on hiroshima. that bomb has more power than 20,000 tons of tnt. - [narrator] the seeds of nuclear proliferation were sown when the us attacked hiroshima and nagasaki at the end of world war ii. it was mkind's first exposure to a weapon that would forever alter the calculus of war. - the introduction of then called atomic weapons in 1945 had a very significant impact on geopolitics. at the time, i think all leaders were aware that this was something qualitatively different, they weren't sure what it meant. when one plane can inflict the same level of damage that it previously took thousands of planes and maybe multiple raids by thousands of planes to inflict, i think everyone realized things would be different. - the ending of world war ii brought victory but it also brought a whole set of complicated issues, that is, what would war look like in the future when the very possibility of total annihilation was now on the table through the delivery of one bomb? - [narrator] like the us, the soviet union

nuclear weapon half the strength of quarter of the strength of hiroshima but if you're on the receiving end of it you're not going to say well how should we respond because it was twenty five percent of the the the grade that had not nagasaki you don't you know one thinks that way no one thinks that way if you're. attacked with a nuclear weapon you are going to respond and you're going to throw everything you've got because that's an x. the stench will threat what do these people in the pentagon thinking and i want to talk about this guy keith payne about his article not in one nine hundred eighty i'll ask michael about that i'm sorry go ahead kevin well george shultz just days ago said a nuclear weapon is a nuclear weapon so thresholds being crossed i mean i look at the report called nuclear famine by international physicians for the prevention of nuclear war a nobel peace prize winner that said if just one hundred nagasaki sized bombs were exchanged let's say between india and pakistan that was the case study it would cause a nuclear winter that would starve two billion human beings s

the bombing of hiroshima and nagasaki, whichever i written a great deal about. people need to think seriously about what they can do to make for a more peaceful world that does not repeat those mistakes. amy: the issue of nuclear war raced once again by president trump talking about expanding the nuclear arsenal in his state of the union address this week. to theortedly saying joint chiefs of staff, if we have nuclear weapons, why don't we use them? you are a long-time historian, have written eloquently about the bombing of hiroshima and nagasaki. can you talk about this? why not use them? gar: the weapons we have today are so many times more powerful than anything that was used in world war ii. i would mention that at that point against the will of the joint chiefs of staff, all of whom came out after the war, all of the top military leaders with one exception, publicly after the war, saying the bombing was totally unnecessary in her road from a. -- hiroshima. we are at a case were nuclear weapons are many times more powerful and many thousands of them and very

about nuclear weapons because really in hiroshima suffering the horror of. we've got to imagine the into our own environment we've got to imagine it as what could happen across the world unless we do something about it. well we say that c.n.d. is one of britain's most enduring mass movements it was founded in one nine hundred fifty eight in the midst of absolutely enormous public concern about nuclear weapons so the first demonstration took place in one nine hundred fifty eight the first mass meeting which founded c.n.d. took place on the seventeenth of february nine hundred fifty eight so sixty years ago today the first meeting had about five thousand people attending it and from then on from strength to strength hundreds of thousands of people became. involved over the next few years demonstrations protests protests and basis sit downs in westminster you name it that was taking place i saw it working you see andy i think it was seventy nine and it was when cruise missiles it was announced that they were going to come to greenham common and most were in a c

about nuclear weapons because really in hiroshima i was seeing the suffering the horror of that and yet we've got to imagine the into our own environment we've got to imagine it as what could happen across the world on this we do something about it. well we say that c.n.d. is one of britain's most enduring mass movements it was founded in one nine hundred fifty eight in the midst of absolutely enormous public concern about nuclear weapons so the first demonstration took place in one nine hundred fifty eight the first mass meeting which found its c.n.d. took place on the seventeenth of february nine hundred fifty eight so sixty years ago today the first meeting had about five thousand people attending and from then on from strength to strength hundreds of thousands of people became involved over the next few years demonstrations protests protests basis sit downs in westminster you name it that was taking place i saw it working. c.n.d. i think it was seventy nine and it was when cruise missiles it was announced that we're going to come to greenham common and most were us. went to see andy

end of even you know let's say it's a nuclear weapon half the strength of quarter of the strength of hiroshima but if you're on the receiving end of it you're not going to say well how should we respond because it was twenty five percent of the the the grade that you don't need no one thinks that way no one thinks that way if you're. attacked with a nuclear weapon you are going to respond and you're going to throw everything you've got because that's an x. the stench will threat what do these people in the pentagon thinking and i want to talk about this guy keith payne about his article not in one nine hundred eighty i'll ask michael about that i'm sorry go ahead kevin well george shultz just days ago said a nuclear weapon is a nuclear weapon so thresholds being crossed i mean i look at the report called nuclear famine by international physicians for the prevention of nuclear war a nobel peace prize winner that said if just one hundred nagasaki sized bombs were exchanged let's say between india and pakistan that was the case study it would cause a nuclear winter that would starve two billion h

receiving end of even let's say it's a nuclear weapon half the strength of quarter of the strength of hiroshima but if you're on the receiving end of it you're not going to say well how should we respond because it was twenty five percent of the the the grade that had not nagasaki you don't you know one thinks that way no one thinks that way if you're. attacked with a nuclear weapon you are going to respond and you're going to throw everything you've got because that's an x. the stench will threat what do these people in the pentagon thinking and i want to talk about this guy keith payne about his article not in one nine hundred eighty i'll ask michael about that i'm sorry go ahead kevin well george shultz just days ago said a nuclear weapon is a nuclear weapon so threshold is being crossed i mean i look at the report called nuclear famine by international physicians for the prevention of nuclear war a nobel peace prize winner that said if just one hundred nagasaki sized bombs were exchanged let's say between india and pakistan that was the case study it would cause a nuclear winter that would

about nuclear weapons because real soon in hiroshima suffering the horror of. yet we've got to imagine that in our own environment we've got to imagine it as what could happen across the world unless we do something about it. well we say that c.n.d. is one of britain's most enduring mass movements it was founded in one nine hundred fifty eight in the midst of absolutely enormous public concern about nuclear weapons so the first demonstration took place in one nine hundred fifty eight the first mass meeting which founded c.n.d. took place on the seventeenth of february nine hundred fifty eight so sixty years ago today the first meeting had about five thousand people attending it and from then on from strength to strength hundreds of thousands of people became. evolved over the next few years demonstrations protests protests and basis sit downs in westminster you name it that was taking place i saw it working you see andy i think it was seventy nine and it was when cruise missiles it was announced that they were going to come to greenham common and most were in a

receiving end of even let's say it's a nuclear weapon half the strength of quarter of the strength of hiroshima but if you're on the receiving end of it you're not going to say well how should we respond because it was twenty five percent of the the the grade that hit nagasaki you don't you know one thinks that way no one thinks that way if you're. attacked with a nuclear weapon you are going to respond and you're going to throw everything you've got because that's an ex the stench will threaten what are these people in the pentagon thinking and i want to talk about this guy keith payne about his article not in one nine hundred eighty i'll ask michael about that i'm sorry go ahead kevin well george shultz just days ago said a nuclear weapon is a nuclear weapon so thresholds being crossed i mean i look at the report called nuclear famine by international physicians for the prevention of nuclear war a nobel peace prize winner that said if just one hundred nagasaki sized bombs were exchanged let's say between india and pakistan that was the case study it would cause a nuclear winter that would sta

aerial bombing from get mika to hiroshima starting february third t w. some people don't care about me. because they don't see my puti. some people don't care about me because they think i have nothing to give. but two billion people do. too then i am everything. their home. the a food. their livelihood. but day by day i'm disadvantaged. and so does everything i give. two million people who care about me. need me. and now. i need good.

and bombing from get me to hiroshima starting february third on t w. welcome back your a t w news our top stories right now the f.b.i. has clashed publicly with the white house over the planned release of a classified memo on the russia election investigation the law enforcement agency says it has grave concerns about the accuracy of the document which republicans say reveals surveillance abuses by the f.b.i. and the justice department. pro separate of forces in yemen have surrounded the presidential palace in the southern port city of aden trapping government ministers inside the u.n. says it has been unable to distribute food aid to more than forty thousand displaced people trying to flee the fighting. well almost two years ago with the migration crisis at its height the european union and turkey struck a deal the e.u. aimed to reduce the number of refugees and migrants making the very dangerous journey from turkey to the greek islands in return turkey would receive aid and political concessions so how effective has this deal been our next report tak

warsaw, manila, london, hiroshima, berlin and today still another wartime's question less than two years, a city that refuses to die, soul, the careening capital since the 14th century. korea sinceof south 1948 lies in a hill surrounded valley. in of the most modern cities the area. soul in the summer of 1950, enjoys a democratic form of at an orderly distance. however, above sold, troops of the north korean government, installed but the ussr are there. for some days the communist radio has been urging the unification of all korea. now on the 25th of june, with true communist logic, the korean byces go on the defensive launching a sudden, unexpected invasion of south korea. [bombs exploding] souls million and a half citizens are caught unprepared. there are not ignorant of what to expect. in new york, the united states immediately requests a meeting of the united nations security council. when the aggressors failed to heave the councils of pale -- appeal, the united states announces that air and sea ordered tobeing attack korea. by a vote of 7-1 they vote to supply the republic of korea

lifespan of the present generation, a new list of rabbit cities -- a new list manila, london, cityn, hiroshima, and a , therefuses to die, seoul capital of south korea since 8, one of the most modern cities. they enjoy democratic form of government and an orderly existence. troops areove seoul, poised. days, radio has been urging unification of all korea. june with true communist logic, the north korean forces go on the defensive by launching a sudden, unexpected invasion of south korea. citizens are caught unprepared, but they are not ignorant of what they may expect. half a world away in new york, the united states immediately request an emergency meeting of the united nations security council. refused to heed the appeal, the united states announces that forces will assist south korea. by a vote of 7-1, the security supplies south korea with equipment to turn back the attack. ♪ first aid american forces from japan. 15 other nations meet the challenge by ordering troops. with this decision, the free world takes his first unified action in bolting the tide of communist armed aggression. two

. >> i landed on hiroshima day the first comic bomb was dropped. they said they dropped one and i said what are you drinking. but it was true 1945 the second bomb was dropped on nagasaki. we thought the war was over. at that point in time i was flying with 50 others who were killed and i never thought about theofthem as being dead were transferred. we would see them someday and we were called to a briefing and told we were going to fly another mission so we asked why are we going to japan again and he said they are negotiating but there is no movement. you're going to broadcast the code words to abort the mission. when that was said to. >> he said no way. early on the morning of augus august 14 i said they are not going to make it to japan. but we flew all the way. they dropped the things and we find him somewhere in japan. we needed that 90 gallons of fuel to get back. somebody on the squadron called 90 gallons. i gave them the thumbs up and i invited them into some very heavy weather towards the b-29 would fly on the being back to. when i came ou

. >> and landed iwo jima august 6, the day the first atomic bomb was dropped in hiroshima and i had a squadron and said what you drinking? i want some. [laughter] so i was 19 years old and said if we do on this mission i'm not coming back. i said what you talking about? he said it is a feeling that i have. i told him what schomburg told me. you cannot go as a flight sergeant he said no way. so early on the morning of august 14 and said get it and don't get off and stick close. so we flew to the drop tank and we went into the street airfield somewhere in japan. and we needed 90 gallons of fuel and i looked over and i gave him the thumbs up and he gave me the thumbs up and i lead my planes into some very heavy weather we said we would fly on the wingback and when we came out into the their skies it was just fine. no radio contact. and when we landed back on iwo jima we realized the moment we started the spray the war had been over for three years. we never heard that the orders never came through so for some of those that gave their lives. >> you were 21? yes. i was an old guy. >> you j

it was incredibly moving to be at the place and visit hiroshima, to see with my own eyes the places were nuclear weapons have been used. it is very important to do if you are working on nuclear weapons. this is what we're talking about. i watched the press conference on friday and was struck by how sterile and abstract the language is. we're talking about cities, of schools, hospitals, houses, civilians. that is what nuclear weapons do, wipeout entire civilities. problems,olving these we know that if we keep nuclear weapons forever, they will be used again. when i was in nagasaki, it was exactly when the false alarm of the incoming missile came to hawaii. to be there and hear the stories from survivors of what happens after nuclear bombs are used, days after, weeks after, how people tried to rebuild their lives, and to know that in hawaii, mothers and fathers were hiding their kids, running for their livives, trying to figure ouout who to cl those lastst minutes,t is an it double that we have ththis threat -- it is unacceptable thatat we have this threat still and that we keep living und

it's yield: 720 kilotons, or about 50 hiroshima bombs. as but the trouble with them is as you incthe yield, it gets bigger and bigger in diameter, and it uses incredible amount of weapon-grade uranium. and so, all the countries are mogevated to go to the two-s weapon. >> this is a 3d model of northth korea'monuclear weapon. they released a series of pictures and we were able to assess its size. >> reporter: a two s, ge, or hydrogmb allows for a much larger yield in a smaller, lighter package. it begins with a plutonium or highly enriched uranium explosion, stage 1, that creates enou energy to squeeze hydrogen and its isotopes, causing fuon, stage 2. the u.s. tested more than 100 hydrogen bombs ipacific. the largest was 15 megats or 15,000 kilotons, more than 1,000 hiroshima bombs. after the last north korean test, the regime released a picture of a what looks like a two stage device. >> it looks as if this last test, the yield, the explosive yield of that is large enough that in most likelihood, my view bomb which we call a two-stage bomb

i've seen low yield as a hiroshima type bomb. do we know what we're talking about? is a semi-better? that's a suggestion that's going on a social media and so forth on what exactly is meant. >> thank you. bent over here, please. >> thank you very much. my name is rafael from the brazilian embassy. we've heard a lot on the rationale for the npr regarding other nuclear powers of american allies, but i would like to hear pleas some comment on impact of npr on other countries and on the future of the nonproliferation regime. trying to understand the nuclear power countries are upping their bet on the nuclear arsenal. what does this message conveyed to the countries? and lastly regarding the stability explicit in the apr that united states will not pursue its ratification. what do you think would be the future of this structure that we have from 20 years and is not enforced? thank you very much. >> we've got a couple questions on warhead or related issues and a couple questions on broader disarmament strategy. i would ask madelyn to begin, whatever question you wish. >>

bombing from get me come to hiroshima starting february third on t w. this is the dubliners life from that controversial u.s. memo alleging f.b.i. bias in the russia investigation is released. u.s. president donald trump approves its release despite objections from senior f.b.i. officials will take you live to washington as a showdown between america's presidents and its intelligence service eats up also on the program of gunshots in cali as clashes between migrants leave people critically injured.

technological troops or is going to conflagration mass destruction player movement from good nneka to hiroshima starting february third on t w. to. me. this is from clashes between migrants in a leave several critically injured french police plain organized gangs for the violence which a top official calls on president of the port city is a long time magnet for migrants trying to cross over to the u.k. . also coming up saving the children of so-called islamic state fighters and hoping to retrieve his grandson from an iraqi prison and save him from a childhood behind bars. disappointing results out today for germany's biggest bank more than half.

. >> and we understand that even these low yields would be more powerful than what fell on hiroshima or nagasaki. can i just move in the national security realm to what you tweeted about, that is the families nunes memo. on this side of the atlantic, people thought it was a little bit of a damp squid -- in terms of national security, what implications does releasing this classified information have? >> well, for the nunes memo that was released the other day, as i read it, i didn't see anything of a particular national security import to it. it didn't to the sources and methods at least in the version that was released publicly. and we're told nothing was redacted. i couldn't figure out what the argument about the damage could be. people tell me that the democratic response to this memo, the rebuttal memo, has got more detail and that that might have to be redacted. but you know, for journalist who are accustomed as you and i are to having a jousting match with the release of this data, i didn't see in this one that it really rated. >> david sanger of "the new york times," thanks for

aerial bombing from good niko to hiroshima starting february third on g.w. . fake hair and real starry. where i come from a lot of women like me have fake hair sometimes the hair style takes up to two days it's a lot of time that needs to be filled so people at the salon talk about what's happening in their lives. i became a journalist sylvia. sorry tale and i always want to find those real authentic stories from everyday people who have something to share. with all of us i'm a fan of the salon i good quality care when i see it and a good story when i hear it. my name is elizabeth and i work at sea-tac. i'm asking u.s. president donald trump called for unity and bipartisanship in his first state of the union address but offered few concessions to opposition democrats trump demanded increased military spending measures to restrict immigration and improve america's infrastructure praising his administration's work here to americans just use what he called a new american moment living the american dream. germany's bundestag remembered the holocaust on wednesday p

millions of tons of bombs were dropped during the conflict in hiroshima the detonation of a single atomic bomb instantly killed sixty to eighty thousand people another fifty thousand died in the following days and weeks. the allied bombing of civilians in world war two is a dark chapter in the west's history but precisely for that reason we must ask why did civilians become bombing targets. thank you it all began with a marvelous dream at the dawn of the twentieth century infuse yes to crowds gathered toward my a human kinds first aviation exploits these birds were good omens that had the potential to overcome great distances and bring people closer together. yet planes could barely climb a hundred meters into the sky when out of the public eye other adventurous began transforming that dream into a nightmare. in one thousand nine hundred eleven be a tally an aviator judio gov ati hand dropped histories first bombs on libyan rebels. the colonial world became the playing field for the pioneers of bombardment the imperial powers of italy britain and france. each was facing its own rebellion

than 70 years later, their grandsons are co-creators on an art piece which commemorates the tragedy of hiroshima. r imagetallation "af requiem" includes 108 human-scale photographs on those who lost their lives. the exhibit comes at a time of heightened narlear tensions nd the globe. >> the name of the work is "after image requiem."he we hope initle to evoke a sense that this is an ent which happened in the past, but the piece is very much about our current situation. we are right now in the midst of a crisis, a nuclear crisis, the likes ofhich, and the severity of which, we have not experienced in my lifetime. >> as an artist who lives in america but has japanese heritage, i make artwork about a-bomb, but the one thing i'm afraid is that people think or only make arabout history. the nuclear issue, the tension between all the countries, ared real, is happening right now. >> when school began at the maryland institute college of art, we didn't get a chance to b talk about okgrounds for a while. it was pretty busy. so when we finally spoke a week and half or two weeks into scho starting -- >> we

. >> he said his grandfather was at hiroshima, i asked, was he there when the bomb was dropped? he said yes. >> he survived, but he died from cancer. the whole room went quiet. "look, i have got to tell you something. my grandfather was an engineer who worked on thmanhattan project." >> so i use color darkroom paper. it is a dying culture. not many people use it anymore. but i use that and use sunlight to create artwork. there is something beyond my control, just like a-bomb. >> so we went out to new mexico, where i did field recordings outside los alamos, and down near the trinity test site, where they tested the first weapon. you hear a lotf the sounds of the plants rustling in the breeze, the insects, and then i used a variety of techniquesnd audio engineer tricks to create sounds that are meant to evoke the processes that led to building the bomb. a >> i wually quite surprised when the baltimore war memorial people were excited to do this show. after developing a friendship with them, they told me this could never happened 10 years ago. the fact we can actually do this show

available but the low yield weapons they are talking about are similar size to the bombs dropped on hiroshima in nagasaki to such horrific effect in 19115. we think that any policy that makes these more usable is poor. the us is talking about the deterrent factor, it is saying that countries like russia see the bombs that the us have as too big to be used so they are not, in effect, a deterrent. the mentality that needs addressing is that some states see nuclear weapons asa that some states see nuclear weapons as a legitimate tool of statecraft, including the trump doctrine that came out, but also states like china and britain and the majority of the world countries are already challenging this through a new treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons that was in the un and adopted, so only through these kind of routes can we create conditions for multilateral disarmament to be possible. is this the right time to be thinking about disarmament when we see nuclear —— north korea becomes close to being a nuclear power? why should the world scale back at a critical time? as your viewers know

mentioned you know we were less and i mean at least us you know my generation had the lesson from the hiroshima nagasaki so i don't want to see people in the career my contemporaries being you know so much devastated as the japanese where. time so i don't believe and you know it's posing one serious question if america wants to lead the world what does it says their moves their recent move moves and you know the actions we're going to limit let me jump in here i want to be fair i want to give michael the last word here michael you know maybe maybe the silver lining in all this is that maybe russia china and the united states can actually sit down and maybe start thinking about a new architecture for the use of these weapons maybe go ahead michael. yeah i hope so peter i'm hopeful that we're actually at the worst of it now or maybe even coming out of it and i do agree with president trump's inherent instinct that u.s. russia relations should not be so bad and that we need a new approach unfortunately as you know we're still bogged down in the twenty six thousand election debate here so it's sort