at a stop to the u-2 flights over the soviet union. eisenhower refuses to apologize, but does stop the flight over the former soviet union. eisenhower authorized each and every u-2 flight. wascknowledge this when he at his press conference taking full response abilities for his actions. dad has been stuck in a russian prison cell. no physical torture, a lot of mental anguish, mental torture. anxiety. some of you might be familiar with "good cop bad cop" one kgb agent would come in yelling and screaming, you, tell us everything or we will shoot you tomorrow. the next time would come in, mr. powers, you help us, we can help you, trying to get him to cooperate. trying to get him to reveal secrets. most likely by any means necessary, short of physical abuse. during the first seven days of my dad interrogation at the prison, he was lying to his captors out right. holding back as much information as possible. could.ing them anyway he on may 7, international headlines around the world, summit conference in jeopardy, the type of headlines that

over the central part of the soviet union. there is a bright orange flash that lights up the exterior of the canopy. a shock wave pushes the plane forward, throws my dad back in the seat. my dad realizes something has gone wrong but the controls no longer respond. you can't fly a plane without a tail section. the near miss of a missile has -- soviet missile has exploded near the tail sweat -- tail section to cause structural failure. as a result the nose pitches forward the wings snap off and , my father finds himself spending down towards the ground -- spinning down towards the ground. he falls from 75,000 hundred feet to approximately 38,000 feet before bailing out of the airplane. he does not use the ejection seat if he did he would have severed his legs on the way out. the u-2 cockpit is small, tight, and compact. in order to eject uke -- eject, you have to be in the perfect position, otherwise you can lose a limb. realizing this my father does the following. my father opens up the canopy, which floats off into space, he u

the negotiations with the soviet union in many ways saved his presidency. >> mr. gorbachev may not have seen much of america, but he certainly made sure a lot of americans saw him. motorcades don't very often turn a lot of heads in this city. but when they stop on a dime, so does everyone else. >> i want to say hello to you. >> that was very special. he didn't have to do it. he did it. i am very surprised and i'm pleased. >> what do you think of gorbachev? >> the guy is a p.r. genius. i mean jumping out of the car like that. unbelievable. >> congressional leaders say they gave president reagan a round of applause on the morning after the summit meeting, but there was caution against euphoria. >> everybody applauded when the president came in. >> the president said gorbachev is a different leader, he no longer wants world domination. do you agree? >> it's one thing to sign the inf agreement. it's something else to follow through on a number of areas. i still don't trust him. >>> soviet leader mikhail gorbachev tonight is saying the war in afghanistan is about to co

it was in all the headlines soviet moon races around the earth russians shocked america the soviet union made history with sputnik one. was called like get it there the baseball bat and the bush british sugar shock admittedly most of us at least didn't know the russians were that this group record the first satellite of. the world had caught sputnik fever people were enthusiastic about the soviets pioneering achievement. just nobody i'm pleased that the soviet union was the country that produced this masterpiece. ladies and gentlemen these are the sensational signals from space soviet russia has won the competition with the u.s. to put a satellite in orbit. these are the first signals from space. one of my favorite is a long queue sputnik you gave the world a bucket. of. baikonur is the place from where sputnik one opened the gateway to space on october fourth one nine hundred fifty seven. two years before the historic sputnik flight of broad step was the only thing here besides a lonely train station and camels. it was a godforsaken place until the kremlin decided in one nine hundred fi

in the days of the soviet union people full of hope and anticipation of the upcoming changes underground news. my young musicians of the time captured the mood perfectly what was it like to live and make music in that atmosphere. i am. still. welcome back and to the top news story from this week britain has been rocked by a second alleged case of nerve agent exposure since march the substance in question is again no big chunk prompting some to jump to conclusions. to people who have been exposed to them that i didn't know but you know that shock it remains deadly for long periods exposed to the nerve agent no bitch. who he want to name his id safety you have to do anything is your family going to be safe is that going to be a fair it's a skill a should be there group what's going on because you. know you know your poor children career there are the parents of you live right here in the rigid being trapped and they. let me name out. when they start acting all funny and was much as i mean brushing against them right now as we read and pray. that you know the child which has been identified

credited for capturing the desire for change in the soviet union and i think that's maybe why he's here and his personality his music you are experiencing a second comeback in modern day russia but the way the call was expressed in his lyrics i thought was very culturally russian because his most famous song was we are awaiting change rather than we are the change which would be a seam i think for many western musicians and i wonder well whether you agree that the russians are indeed more. massive him in a way of waiting for the change to be delivered to them rather than being the agents of change well first of all i want to bring up that it is not clear that victor wrote that song we're waiting of the change that he meant politically and concrete specific things you know i think i think could be that was almost a spiritual change and i think again what was different from the music in the eighty's and forced bridge cops music you know it was poetry that you could read things through the line but nothing was concrete nothing was saying we don't like you know this rule in the soviet union

with a point in the soviet union and point b. in the us it will get when you want it was on the sword. from the beginning to baikonur launch site was exclusively military territory the target was america not outer space the cosmos remained the stuff of science fiction films. in one nine hundred fifty six soviet science fiction film presented visions of conquering outer space it even had special effects worthy of hollywood. so were rockets and trips into space just fantasies the dreams of a mad scientist. by then both the soviets and the americans had long been running ambitious missile development programs. in one thousand nine hundred fifty five u.s. president dwight eisenhower announced that the u.s. would launch an earth orbiting satellite within the next three years. two days later the kremlin told the world it was planning to put a satellite up to. people in the west could only guess at how far the soviet ten progressed with their secret projects. is and then i found that there were a number of americans who were convinced t

unio soviet union. he was still very much playing the cold warrior. >> time describing now is a plan for the long term. the march of freedom and democracy which will lead marxism, leninism on the edge of history. >> >> few, even among his allies shared his belief that the cold war was winnable. >> there was a huge argument within the administration. people of the defense department, the cia, they thought that was there. that's life. get along. >> the american public seem to agree. nearly three quarters favored a nuclear freeze by the united states and the soviet union. >> i i urge you to be aware, the temptation of lively declaring yourselves above at all. that sparked his most forceful criticismri ever of the soviet union. >> to ignore the facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire. to call the arms race a giant misunderstanding. thereby removing yourself from the struggle between right and wrong. and good and evil peers >> i was dat the speech when he talked about the empire. it wa

union with my sister on this week trip. trip that she was going on and i thought it would just clear my head i can come back and regroup and lo and behold everything that i saw there in leningrad with boris and then the rest of people i met changed my life so it was just the perfect time of me being young enough not really understanding it who i was not understanding life and being very naive and all the son i meet these people that are so inspiring i mean i think it would be similar if some young person here at that time in eighty's happened to be friend and hang out with bob dylan or david bowie you know i was just blessed to me the artist and leningrad were just as inspiring and exciting and as these these famous western musicians so for me it was just fate now john as you said just a moment ago every time you travel to the soviet union you used to bring all sorts of musical supplies which were difficult to find in letting down but i know that you also smuggled the records out you were absolutely key to releasing russian

was aware this could possibly be happening in russia we were so afraid of the soviet union at that time and that's why it just opened up my eyes and that's what led to me deciding that i needed to bring this music and photos and videos of these bands to the u.s. to open up the eyes of all of the other people in united states because it really was something we we were not aware at all that was taking place there now rock musicians all over the world are a pretty rowdy bunch i wonder how they react to you and your interest in them you know i think there were europeans that had come in and had met boris before so he had met foreigners but i think what was different was with me is after i met boris on that first trip and was taken by all of it and i said i'm going to come back what can i do can i bring your equipment i think that he and seven. kind of had a feeling of course she says she's going to come back but she's not going to because i think many people before me westerners came in and said the same thing that they wanted to come back i think what surprised boris and everybody else is

i'm speaking to you, the peoples of the soviet union, on the occasion of the new year. i know that in the soviet union, as it is all around the world, this is a season of hope and expectation, a time for family together, a time for prayer, a time to think about peace. that's true in america too. at this time of year, americans traveled across the country in their cars, by train, or by airplane, to be together with their families. many americans, of course, came to the united states from other countries, and at this time of year, they look forward to hosting friends and family from their homelands. most of us celebrate christmas or hanukkah and as part of those celebrations, we go to church or synagogue, then gather around the family dinner table. after giving thanks for our blessings, we share a traditional holiday meal of goose, turkey, or roast beef and exchange gifts. on new year's eve, we gather again and like you, we raise our glasses in a toast to the year to come, to our hopes for ourselves, for our families, and yes, for our nation and the world. this year, the

theory of the soviet union in denying to me life is people knew it was falling apart and the yet there was also a growing hope that something new and exciting would rise in its place that sons of cognitive and emotional dissonance was perfectly captured by the on the ground music of the times produced by young nonconformist musicians in what was down to c.d.o. flooding what was it like to leave and make music. hopeful despair well to discuss that i'm now joined by john a stingray an american musician and an avid chronicler of the leningrad rock scene john it's so good to talk to you thank you very much for your time thank you for inviting me now you have a very interesting a very unusual and i think is a somewhat through mantic story you came to the soviet union for just one the week you called. one of our biggest rock stars bloodline and he just showed you around is that how it all began that is how it all began a friend of mine her older sister was married to a russian emigre and when he heard i was going to visit russia and he knew i was a rocker in los angeles he said you need to c

soviet union. that was during the cold war. we are post-cold war, we still have challenges, and now they want to get tough on russia. i am howling at this. for those of us who were around this town in the '80s, and if we worked in the reagan administration, you couldn'tfo t dealings with the soviet union. a break with the left on his dealings with the soviet union. but now they want to set up a shadow government. i want to play something for you to react to. this is a former cia man under obama. let's watch. >> fbi director continues the investigation, department of justice continues to support the investigation, congress continues saying this investigation is legitimate. curious point in american government, when do we see almost a shadow government come out and say, we cannot side with the government, when there is a cabinet or the senate? that's the big question. >> laura: shadow government needs to form to apparently undo the presidential election? your reaction? >> where's the obama former cia

in the last days of the soviet union people were full of hope and anticipation of the upcoming changes underground music by young musicians of the time captured the mood perfectly what was it like to live and make music in that atmosphere. welcome to the program britain has been rocked by a second alleged case of nerve agent exposure since march and the now notorious name of the substance not the chalk has led some to jump to conclusions. the two people have been exposed to the right to know what you know but shock it remains deadly for long periods exposed to the nerve agent no big chunk. he went to the safety you have to do anything is your family going to be safe is that going to be a fail safe school ation we are watched every notice because you. know you know you are but children here and there are other parents and you live right here and you know it was being checked and like. many name out. there when you start acting all funny it wasn't much use them brushing against. those who read for a. nerve agent. which has been identified as the savior of agent it contaminates if both of

planes to land in the soviet union. we are moving towards other agreements. complete --ike to conclude my remarks by expressing the hope that communications between our nations will develop and for the improvement of international cooperation the world. i invite all of you to visit my country and enjoy. >> one step that brought the united states and the soviet union closer together was the consular pact signed at the white house in june. it was the first bilateral treaty between the two nations. the culmination of diplomatic exchanges victim 35 years ago -- begun 35 years ago. the general assembly overwhelmingly approved a nuclear nonproliferation treaty. all the united states and the soviet union had worked to secure its acceptance. johnson appeared before that body for the fourth time, held the passage of this measure as the most significant step toward peace in united nations history. >> it is the most important international agreement in the field of disarmament since the nuclear age began. prevent theto spread of n

because we would've had to go to war with the soviet union. to do that the american public would never have supported it and there for what we talk today about today is the greatest success in american foreign policy would probably happen one of its greatest debacles. a great ask the statesmanship like the marshall plan, i would argue, are grounded in realism and not just idealism. this is probably a lesson we need to relearn. thank you very much. [applause] >> so very pleased to take your questions. c-span issue so i know it's going to be very important to speak into the microphones. -- c-span is here. who would like to go first? yes. >> i wanted to ask you about this issue of whether or not it was wise to incorporate the eastern and central european countries into nato. the backlash to that really didn't materialize until in a significant way into putin came to power. there wasn't, that i know of, a backlash to that in the former soviet union. obviously not in the countries that wanted to be admitted. so wanted to ask you about that a little

to cut it off from the soviet union would strike a big blow indeed. for most of the soviet union the second world war was about fighting the invaders of their land. but it wasn't quite so simple for ukraine the truth is ukraine has never been a united country. when world war two broke out a large part of western ukraine's population welcomed the german soldiers as liberators from the recently forced upon them soviet rule and openly collaborated with the germans. the real scale of collaboration was not announced for many years after the war but we now know that whole divisions and battalions were formed by ukrainian collaborators such as s.s. galaxy and not to call and roll into battalions. just in the beginning of the war more than eighty thousand people from college cina region voluntarily enrolled into division s.s. galad seen in a month and a half notorious for their extreme cruelty towards the polish jewish and russian people on the territory of ukraine. members of these military groups came mostly from the organization of ukrainian nationalists t

at moscow university with students, indeed with the very students likely to become the soviet union's next generation of leaders, to the dissidents, refuseniks, i was able to say the people of the united states and elsewhere support you. to the students, i suggested there is another way to live and govern your country. a way of democracy and economic growth. a way in which creative human energies are released. if anyone had suggested even as recently as ten years ago, an american president would one day be able to meet with soviet dissidents inside moscow itself or be able to speak to soviet students in their own university about human freedom, well, i think you'll agree the prediction like that would have been dismissed. but this past week it happened. seeds of freedom and greater trust were sewn. and i just have to believe that in ways we may not even be able to guess, those seeds will take root and grow. accompanying the new political freedoms are a series of economic reforms that may begin to inject elements of free enterprise into the soviet economy. in two weeks, i'll be attendi

ambassador to the soviet union. michael mcfaul, like canon, is a rare academic who has also successfully bridged this often, to a wide gap between policy and academia. i will close by noting that it is a testament to mike's abilities as a diplomat, that he has managed to get no fewer than four secretaries of state, two democrats, two republicans, two women and two men. you have blurbs on his back cover. none even have a single secretary of state were being but needing a next one. it is my pleasure to introduce my friend, my colleague and our former ambassador to russia, and the united states, michael mcfaul. i urge you to buy his fascinating book at the end of the topic this evening. [applause] >> wow. thank you, kathryn stoner! after that we should just go to questions. summarize my life, that was so nice of you! thank you all for coming. i know i'm competing with warriors, the first game of the series. so i know that you really want to talk about russia. i actually would rather be watching the warriors right now.

union he speaks sickly sad as the none of us have been there and we have sort of started growing out of our old gene simply because you know our youth was coming into contact with reality and as i was researching for this program. i was struck by one productive thought and i wonder if it's actually true but it seemed to me that for you a very rare person but still for you that dahl soviet reality was also to some extent. the place where you found that freedom because the russians do not think about the later years of the soviet union in that sense but to me it seemed that you're actually falling imaginative or imagine the replays where it where you felt alive and free was that accurate that is very accurate you know it was all about timing and when i went to the soviet union i had just had this record out in the states but we had kind of a lawsuit with the guy that put it out because there were some issues and i was at a crossroads i wasn't sure what i was going to do and i felt a little bit lost and i was inspired and so i went to the soviet union with my sister on this week trip a

union because it wasn't just the soviet union. it was the russian empire. >> putin returned home from his kgb posting in 1990, to a country he did not recognize. the ussr had been transformed by mikhail gorbachev and his policy of openness known as glasnost. >> a lot of things happened very quickly. >> big mac is big mac. >> coca-cola, coca-cola. >> a romance with things western. >> freedom came fast, and it exposed the rot at the heart of soviet communism. across the soviet union hundreds of thousands of people began demanding democracy and national independence. it was once again what putin feared most. the people rising up. and finally the people won. >> tonight in moscow at the kremlin the red flag of the failed soviet union at last came down and the flag of russia rose. >> 300 years of history erased. >> soviet institutions like the kgb simply ceased to exist. >> vladimir putin views the break-up of the soviet union as he says himself to be the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century. >> it was a traumatic time, and

in the last days of the soviet union people were full of hope and anticipation of the upcoming changes underground music by young musicians of the time captured the mood perfectly what was it like to live and make music in that atmosphere. the third of july two thousand and eight saying i'm a little bit nervous why because today the three lions play against colombia for a place in the free fall woke up files can we do it's can we end with this to use averts politically. so england only got one thousand four hundred official tickets for the guy more like the prof because of all the stuff when i was reading the pipers months ago columbia got thirty thousand people in the forty four thousand spots a courageous to die so i need a little help who better. than to ask my band is stan collymore show followers tight is english rubber is english musharraf russian than your is regime opposite she's also really and jose miguel is polish even on russian another avon three vanzant she can be found it was your move even find alex and do all your wall paintings. five hours before kickoff tell me about

i mean who could have imagined a coalition that would have the soviet union, china and then the middle eastern states, as well. standing up to one of their own. >> hundreds of demonstrators gathered to protest the inevitable. all but one, that is. >> whatever america goes to war, there's going to be protests in the streets. but you needed congressional support or you wouldn't have popular support. >> the world looks to the president. he can play an historic role in leading us to solve this crisis in a nonviolent way. >> make no mistake about it. our vital interests are at stake. >> bush knew that you had to let that process go forward. you couldn't just declare war and do it. >> the hope of peace remains in my heart and the hearts of us all, but this debate is now about war. >> power in a matter of days can bring this villain to his knees. >> let us stop beating the drums of war. let us oppose this march to violence. >> nowhere is it ordained that the new world order must begin with a new word war. >> they had a great national debate and the argument for going to war prevailed. >> pres

across the soviet union, hundreds of thousands of people began demanding democracy and international independence. it was one again what people feared most, the people rising up. and finally, the people won. >> tonight in moscow at the kremlin, the red flag is a failed soviet at last came down, and the flag of russia rose. >> 300 years of history erased. >> soviet institutions like the kgb simply ceased to exist. >> vladimir putin fews the break up of the soviet union as he said himself, to be the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century. >> it was a traumatic time, and it sparked a profound change in vladimir putin. he became a politician, deputy mayor in his hometown of st. petersburg. it was not a big job but putin clearly had big dreams. he commissioned this rarely seen documentary about himself, presenting vladimir putin the crediting read, in power. >> weirdly the sound track from the broadway show "cats." >> the ambitious putin already may have been looking towards moscow, because the return people were desperate for strong leadership. under the current president, the

the united states and the soviet union nations who allied together along with england to defeat the nazis tragically became foes as the cold war began. and that without that how can other than not are not good at that not out of the not of the money they let actually. this was a good time to. try to move there i'm. not get my money not why not jam there again why exxon and the all the people we believe just a little bit here. bottom of my case i don't want them up with johnny boy are you the monotonic out of motherhood a little because there is a little i'm a little like a man build a little of the things i don't want to put out they are the most cutting and i don't know the mother the mother. of corruption is everywhere in our gnosis i do we still have a high rate of unemployment and we still have a lot of bitterness you know especially in the hinterlands so i would say that our success story is a house it's a story once again because we have achieved the political game the political objective but we didn't tell you that we didn't. succeed in the economy goes. they give you. a few more.

the united states and the soviet union nations who our had together along with england to defeat the nazis tragically became foes as the cold war began. for a world cup twenty eight team coverage we've signed one of the greatest goalkeepers of alternatives but there was one more question and by the way who's going to be our coach. you guys i know you are nervous is a huge star among us and the huge amount of pressure come out you have to go i mean eighty percent of the shuttle we are with you and we will show the all the great the great if you are the rock at the back nobody gets past you we need you to get down going left go. alone. and i am really happy to join that to fall of two thousand and three in the world cup in russia meet the special one it was also appreciate me to just take the radio p.r.t. teams latest edition to make up a bigger certainly better just look. ministries police forces and city administrations of many countries depend on one corporation and that's what mike was hoping the board doesn't want because. this is not the guns. into the sea it's a. proprietary sof

to cut it off from the soviet union would strike a big blow indeed. for most of the soviet union the second world war was about fighting the invaders of their land. but it wasn't quite so simple for ukraine the truth is ukraine has never been a united country. when world war two broke out a large part of western ukraine's population welcomed the german soldiers as liberators from the recently forced upon them soviet rule and openly collaborated with the germans. the real scale of collaboration was not announced for many years after the war but we now know that whole divisions and battalions were formed by ukrainian collaborators such as s.s. galaxy and not to golf and roll into battalions. just in the beginning of the war more than eighty thousand people from college cina region voluntarily enrolled into division s.s. galad seen in a month and a half notorious for their extreme cruelty towards the polish jewish and russian people on the territory of ukraine. members of these military groups came mostly from the organization of ukrainian nationalists b

the united states and the soviet union nations who our had together along with england to defeat the nazis tragically became foes as the cold war began. the accounting firms the banks the rating agencies the government and the central bank it's called a racket the u.k. profits from it handsomely that's how the aristocracy keeps going and that's not going to stop. ministries police forces and city administrations of many countries depend on one corporation and another by mike was hoping the boy doesn't come from one pleasant god i'm stunned this is not the guns of the. woods as the three that is up on into the sea it's enough to look like them proprietary software you don't know the source code isn't that a such a security risk when you have a black box operating in the public eye to microsoft dependency puts governments under a cyber threat and not only that something's off put mole that's what we call soft instantly since it isn't selling the falseness no one won't do more for the almost. these two dogs. it's the. things this is the arsenals of the host i don't miss the old vision s

their governments i turned to the soviet union. and force us to try to soften our approach and then after the soviet union collapsed in the early ninety's they roll back the iona and their sister organizations had a monopoly. and they really abuse that i think that's a shame and they use it to exploit other country to be even more now we've got tricks and we've got the. infrastructure investment banks and these banks have us our more financial power in fact in the world bank and it's just us and so in a way we're reaching a balance right think probably if i were at the world bank today and i think probably people who are at the world bank today are really having to look at how they need to soften their deals what they need to do to be more competitive against these basically chinese directives banks looking at it in august the more a shadowy way though the be in breaks brazil is already now run by a former cia asset its most popular leader of course is in jail news every day against jacob zuma flooding mainstream media there are ot

the united states and the soviet union nations who hour together along with england to defeat the nazis tragically became foes as the cold war began. to. ministries police forces and city administrations of many countries depend on one corporation and another one mike was hoping when the board doesn't perform on the rise of god i'm stunned this dome is going to going to go through the. woods as the feed of the dog on into the sea it's a must assume like proprietary software you don't know the source code isn't that such a security risk when you have a black box operating in the public eye to microsoft's dependency puts governments under cyber threat and not only that some think off message more that your google softness in the sense of selling this is also the only one to move. through some who will miss you. that's the reason this is the i still. don't miss the old vision stop when there was a sting on who was in front is up and his cards on the front. by first flush or a dildo is when the interest on the debt is greater then your taxes taxable base then you have to throw it out all pr

as part of the soviet union but they had arms control agreements trade agreements the leaders met each other they had high points and they had low points but that didn't stop that bilateral relationship so why can't we do the same thing now ok the united states and its allies did not there's not they do not recognize crimea as a part of the sovereign state of russia but life goes on and you know you know the the the people of the crimea already made up their mind i mean it seems to me common sense but common sense doesn't prevail go ahead michael well i agree with most of what you and mary just said i thought you did a very nice job of summarizing what we know about the policy discussions especially on syria to some extent on crimea and your point's well taken that this is something that we can disagree about but yet still contain it doesn't have to dominate the relationship i would like to see a fuller discussion on security in eastern europe as you know but maybe there were baby steps accomplished at least. let's go to daniel daniel i mean how is term i mean does it in terms mind was

adherence to withunder an agreement russia or the soviet union. we did not enter into arms in the 1980'sents without serious preparation and certification of everything we tabled by the joint chiefs of staff. that did not happen in the obama administration, and we ended up with treaties that essentially allowed almost an unlimited expansion of what ever -- whatever the russians could afford and a large circumvention of the options available. and like i said, i have about run out of time, so i will leave with one final thought. reagan's approach to national security, i think, served us very well and the abandonment of his policies by subsequent administrations as it contributed to the current security crisis. if you are reversing the reagan policy on national security, perhaps not 100% of the time but in a substantial percentage of the time, you're making the wrong decision. thank you. [no audio] >> thank you. much.nk you very, very both of these presentations are excellent. thank you so much for being here, both of you. you know, the heritage foun

to cut it off from the soviet union would strike a big blow indeed. for most of the soviet union the second world war was about fighting the invaders of their land. but it wasn't quite so simple for ukraine the truth is ukraine has never been a united country. when world war two broke out a large part of western ukraine's population welcomed the german soldiers as liberators from the reese. certainly forced upon them soviet rule and openly collaborated with the germans. the real scale of collaboration was not announced for many years after the war but we now know that whole divisions and battalions were formed by ukrainian collaborators such as s.s. galaxy and not to call and roll into battalions. just in the beginning of the war more than eighty thousand people from college cina region voluntarily enrolled into division s.s. galut seen in a month and a half notorious for their extreme cruelty towards the polish jewish and russian people on the territory of ukraine. members of these military groups came mostly from the organization of ukrainian nation

indeed with the very students likely to become the soviet union's next generation of leaders. to them i was able to save the people of the united states and asked where -- elsewhere support you. to the students i suggested there is another way to live and did -- develop your country. a way of which created human energies are released. if anyone has suggested, even as recently as 10 years ago, that an american president will one day be able to meet with soviet dissidents inside moscow itself, or be able to speak to soviet students in their own university, about human freedom, i think you would agree that a prediction like that would have been dismissed. but, this past week it happen. seeds of freedom and greater trust were sown, and i just have to believe that in ways we may not be able to guess, those seeds will take root and glow -- grow. accompanying these new freedoms are's reforms, that may be able to inject residents of free enterprise in the community. in two weeks, i'll be attending my final soviet -- meeting in toronto. it is my belief that liberty should be as importa

union. katherine anne porter was there, she had written one novel, she mostly wrote short stories but her one novel on that very day reached number one in "the new york times" best seller list. only nobel female was there, mary hemmingway, as mentioned in the introduction, she sat at president's kennedy table but she also got into an argument over cuba policy that hemmingway had lived in cuba for 20 years and had perspective on the day of pigs which is not shared by kennedy and also fidel castro. people enjoyed themselves that evening even those who would have ordinarily had been uncomfortable for one reason or another. pauling even though he was picketing enjoyed himself, he was a great dancer and he liked to tango and he liked to waltz, he and his wife started some improv to dancing. look, jack, they are dancing. and the after-dinner entertainment of the literary presentation was made by distinguished actor. sinclair lewis, marshal, outlining the marshal plan at harvard university. great b

we were allies with the soviet union. my father felt that people were being taken in by the russians, they were giving them too favorable a picture. stalin was being called uncle joe, and there was this element that we were buddies. he felt that was a terrible system. he felt he had to write this telegram to kind of alert people that things were not as well as they thought it was. brian: there is a containment theory that he proposed. was it accepted by the state department and the government? grace: i do not know that it was ever formally accepted, but it became u.s. policy for over 50 years and had a huge influence on the state department. it's interesting, because my father died in 2005. we thought, he is going to be part of history, but we are not going to hear anything about him. now, i hear about him all the time. he is constantly being quoted. and it means to me, it's sort of still keeps them alive. brian: let's show some video of your father in 1966, talking about vietnam. [begin video clip] >> the spectacle of am

ninety ninety one the berlin wall kind soviet union collapsed and fifteen nations because independence that meant russia went on its own for the first time in many many years and it ends with a free for all call with a fantastic start can i go on like that same of nine hundred sixty that won the european championship i'm i can name for themselves but this time just isn't allowed. to be joined. be the world's greatest ever left back. roberta called us verse of thank you very much for joining us on the show how does it feel and how did it feel to wear that famous yellow shirts for the first time and you're not quite a. lot of them appear pathetic honestly somebody. and then in the middle of a sentence not. solution but as an incentive. this is a serious sixteen year old and a move. if these two. the battle. over the last three years into this we're frightened did you find it intimidating climate does cause we're very excited now to me that. i know who this comet is my story. of appealing. to them in a happy way and. a myriad already. does the mood there for us in the me moment the most i