roosevelt put it this way. the mistakes, blunders, and shortcomings of the army management during 1898 should be credited mainly not to anyone in office, but to the public service of the people and therefore to the people themselves who permitted the army to rust since the civil war with no chance whatsoever to perfect itself by practice. any trouble that may come upon the army and the nation in the next few years will be due to the failure to provide for a thoroughly reorganized regular army of adequate size in 1898. that is how roosevelt spoke. i do not know how he cut through english classes. [laughter] rep. hill: it is a run-on sentence. for this failure of the senate and the house which took the lead against reorganizing the army, they will be primarily responsible. roosevelt personally, and he became an assistant secretary of the navy, began to really advocate for these changes. he compared it to what was going on in the navy. when complement in navy's performance during the spanish-american war, tr credi

not present yet is tweed roosevelt. dr. janet breslin-smith, our historian, who will also be sharing her thoughts with us today and jean russell is out there as i mentioned. c-span is with us today and they will be taping this event for a later showing. you might have noticed when you were out in the rotunda that on this wall behind me there is a large marble plaque. on that plaque, it recognizes contributions of president theodore roosevelt's secretary of war. elihu root was the individual who carried out the vision president roosevelt had of modernizing the armed forces. in his cornerstone speech that he delivered when the cornerstone was laid, president roosevelt articulated four large goals he had. the largest was the establishment of general staff. he wanted to modernize the army. he wanted to modernize our national guard as a national militia, and he wanted to provide for the training of the officers and men of the army. root is recognized because of his recognition to modernize the armed forces. president roosevelt a

he speaks in front of a marker commemorating the 1903 construction of roosevelt hall. this is 15 minutes. >> first of all, welcome everybody. this is our second -- this is going to be an annual event. the theodore roosevelt association, which was created shortly after tr died to commemorate his memory, and one of the things we do is we have established a new relationship with this institution. every year, the leading prize that goes to students is called the theodore roosevelt prize, and i was honored to come down here last year where we gave the first award. it was a huge challenge for students here. we cannot allow this to happen again. he must have given a lot of -- or something. he is a wonderful guy. our annual meeting is held in october. it is a great honor for the tra to establish this relationship. we have relationships with other military operations. i am a little disheveled. anyway. i don't have to say how this was founded. i think everybody knows. but the relationship between theodore roosevelt and the various branches of the military, these are some little-

thanks for the invitation, and here is to theodore roosevelt. [applause] >> commemorating the 1903 construction of roosevelt hall. this is about 15 minutes. >> first of all, welcome everybody. this is a great event. this is our second -- this is going to be an annual event. what i am particularly pleased with is the theodore roosevelt association, which was created shortly after tr died to commemorate his memory. one of the things we do is we have established a new relationship with this institution. every year, the leading prize is called the theodore roosevelt award. i was honored to come down here faster, and hopefully will come this year where we gave the , first award. chosen by thes leadership. will -- thefourth first one. it was a huge challenge for students here. we cannot allow this to happen again. something is wrong with the administration or something, it was unanimous. ofmust have given up a lot aussie beer or something. he is a wonderful guy. totried to get him to come our annual meeting, which is held in october. he said it was a

thanks for the invitation, and here is to theodore roosevelt. [applause] announcer: we have just heard about theodore roosevelt's role in creating the national war college in washington, d.c.. next, on the presidency, tweed roosevelt placed tribute to his great-grandfather with remarks in the college rotunda. he speaks in front of a marker commemorating the construction of roosevelt hall. this is 15 minutes. >> first of all, welcome everybody. second -- this is going to be an annual event. the theodore roosevelt association, which was created shortly after tr died to commemorate his memory -- his memory, and one of the things we do is we have established a new relationship with this institution. year -- and i was honored to come down here last year .here we gave the first award it was a huge challenge for students here. we cannot allow this to happen again. he must have given a lot of -- or something. he is a wonderful guy. our annual meeting is held in october. the tragreat honor for to establish this relationship. we have relationships with ot

the chicago tribune proclaimed roosevelt anza lincoln armor. is -- it's seldom helps to wonder how a statement of one generation would surmount the crisis of another. a statesman deals with difficulties with things that must be done from day to day. not often can he frame conchas patterns for the far-off future fdr acknowledged in his remarks. the stature of lincoln's nature and the usdamental conflict invite to turn to him for help. it is such invocations of the civil war past and a new deal era context that nina silver examines in her new book. silver introduces a the civil warto memory and explores how americans reinterpreted the civil war to meet their own needs during the great depression and world war ii. since completing her training as berkeley,n at uc professor silver has returned to the fertile field of civil war studies to uncover new perspectives with which to engage civil war history. she has documented the gender dimensions of the war and daughters of the union. reunion, shee of traced the ships and normed -- northern sentiment to

and roosevelts phrase he freed those with heavy heart everywhere. in american popular culture heavy hearts seemed to rest mainly in the souls of white men. in a popular 1936 play written by future casablanca screenwriter a reincarnated lincoln comes to kentucky to help white coal miners fight their own brand of slavery. striking miners and hold a sign that reads free the whites, an objective that very much appeals to lincoln. when lincoln appeals in the shirley temple film his task has nothing to do with freeing black slaves, instead he is there to grant shirley temple's request for freedom from two imprisoned white men, one her father and the other a kind union officer. if you know the premise of john ford's young mr. lincoln you might recall henry fonda's lincoln again has virtually no contact with like characters. his real work involves helping two white brothers who have been falsely accused of murder. in the most dramatic moment of the film the two brothers face the wrath of an angry lynch mob and then lincoln turns back the mob and after that

roosevelt is clearly moved by what he heard. is still in his mind six months later when he creates the board is hard to say. momentertainly a pivotal . factual clarification. when there is a turning point between the treasury department and the department of state, what is the best understanding of how many dues had been killed jews had been killed? >> between 4.5 and 5 million had already been killed. >> are their names of other individuals who carried the debate forward we should be aware of historically who sought in the trenches and said the united states must do something else? just share their names with us for the record. >> sure. randolph paul, the general counsel of treasury. these are major features -- figures in the history. thanks. commissioner fisher. you, madam chair. you mentioned a lot of executive branch officials. what, if any, individuals in congress could you a highlight as being advocate for the refugee influx? it strikes me that was notably absent from much of the discussion we had had. sure. i talked earli

president roosevelt is a politician. he is not a humanitarian. although eleanor continuously voices support for refugees, he prioritizes getting over the depression. at times he acts in small ways to aid refugees, normally he does not. it is becoming more and more difficult to physically leave europe. not just because of the quota system and the massive demand on visas, but the german waiting list is over 300,000 people. after september 1, 1939 when world war ii begins, it becomes incredibly difficult to physically escape. in october 1938, the month before kristallnacht, 5504 jewish refugees emigrate from europe to new york from 14 different european cities. three years later, the months that nazi germany forbids jewish immigration from its territory, three ships carrying only 100 passengers are able to make the crossing. that was it. once the war reaches an area those ports shut down to u.s.-bound transportation. september 1939, german ports and polish ports close. the spring of 1940, ports and -- in the netherland, belgian, france closedk, , u.

they both shared the affection of franklin roosevelt. -- roosevelt in different ways. elenor was enormously valuable -- frances perkins was the one who came up with the ideas and enacted the legislation. franklin roosevelt was the one who had the political savvy and popularity to make things happen. and eleanor was the one who could popularize these ideas. the two women were friends. they loved each other as allies of a lifetime do. and they were also fears rivals and often jealous of each other. at the end of their lives though, there's a wonderful picture of the two women at the 50th anniversary of the triangle shirt waist fires and their heads are big and close together and you can see what sincere friendship and affection they had for each other, despite they maylittle tiffs have had over the years. >> thank you very much for writing the book. i enjoyed it very much and i agree with you that it is an issue that needs to be brought forward. do you think that the book brings any new research or addition to the historiography of that period? kirstin: i would say the t

roosevelt and say mrs. roosevelt, is there anything i can do for you and mrs. roosevelt looked back at mr. truman and said no harry, is there anything i can do for you? for you're the one in trouble now. after he took the oath after office at 7:09 that night, one of his cabinet members took him aside and told him mr. president, there's something that you need to know. so over the next few weeks, he would get a crash course basically in the new atomic bomb that america was developing. this is a solemn but glorious hour. i wish franklin d roosevelt had lived to see this day. harry truman's birthday is on may 8th. much of the world celebrated the victory in europe day. he said what a wonderful birthday present that was. he recognized only half the job was done. peace was on its way in europe. but war was still waging in the pacific. america was preparing for that. in a few months, he would travel to germany and meet with joseph stalin, winston churchill. at the conference. and on the way home to the united states, he would authorize the use of the atomic bomb on m

so this is theodore roosevelt. maybe this is not so odd given that personality but roosevelt could not appreciate jokes told at his expense. roosevelt himself did not take tell jokes but most presidents eventually would get to the point where they would learn to laugh when people made jokes about him because that was the easiest way of dealing with it. roosevelt had to train himself to do it there was one moment when he considered his most important accomplishment as president to be getting the panama canal under construction. this was his contribution to world history he's at. to get it going he essentially had to have a revolution in panama to break it free from columbia and under international law or even ordinary codes of ethics it was highly problematic. roosevelt can be in a cabinet session to basically convince everybody that he had done the right thing. after he gave this long notification his attorney general stood up and said mr. president, really you should not let such a great accomplishment as this be

it's what franklin roosevelt did by having eleanor roosevelt on his team. she was, as he said, a welcome thorn in his side. always willing to question his assumptions and argue with him, but speaking truth to power. i think any team needs that, whether it's in business or not. they said about her that whenever she wanted something done, she would bring a person who he did not want to speak to, because he would tire of that person, right to the dinner table, so she would have to speak to him, because she brought an alternative point of view. it is so important today, in this 24/7 world, it's important to be able to think, relax, and replenish their energies. lincoln went to the theater 100 times during the civil war. he said when a shakespeare play came on, for a few precious hours, he could imagine himself back in the time and forget the war was raging. i mean, you guys all feel like you're so busy. they were pretty busy. i feel that way too about our 24/7 world. they were pretty busy, and the civil war, world war ii, and the depression to deal with, and th

franklin roosevelt, theodore roosevelt, abraham lincoln, and white eisenhower. guest: eisenhower has moved up. he was always around eight or 10, now he has moved into the top five. why is he having a moment? part of it is that people are looking at his record. it was called the hidden handed presidency, when documents were opened in kansas, people seeing that eisenhower really was engaged in the hands-on. he had one or two terms. he was a fiscal conservative. he did many innovative things, like the eisenhower interstate highway system, which we'll benefit from. nasa,. lawrence seaway, and having earl warren on the supreme court, for assuring in the beginning of the death of jim crow. the sending of federal troops to little rock. he got, the fact that out of the korean war and didn't get us into a major war. 1961 he gave the farewell address where he warned about the industrial military complex in america. like bigat don't government, libertarians, and people on the left, they loved his farewell address. we pulled together a coalition to make the top five and on

the comparison is, we remember the most, theater roosevelt, franklin roosevelt, john f. kennedy, ronald reagan, are all optimistic. riggins comes from his father being an alcoholic and he created a sunny view, the point is look at all the problems in the world today in the sunny of optimism is either political or something not a psychological coping mechanism. a great leadership and not great thinking always you need to keep people believing that better days are coming and not to fall into despair that our democracy is corroded or disappearing on a. [applause] >> super interesting. thank you, this is such a question as you put it, personable, i want to acknowledge optimism of everyone coming here. [laughter] i think any day we can get out of bed and not hide under the covers and just freak the f out watching the news, just right there i want to lift you all up and i'm sorry that donna brazile did not make it but i promise i will be interesting enough for everyone. and not just taking a paycheck. [laughter] when you talk about the darkness in the american literary canon,

edith roosevelt. in terms of first lady responsibilities, you see something shifting at the turn-of-the-century. roosevelt had a different relationship. it was something that they treated each other much more like partners and equals when it came to things like politics, but also family. host: women still cannot vote at that time. matthew: exactly. host: when you look -- this is a question for both, when you look at the history of the white house, which presidents were most influential in changing the building to what we know today? in addition to theodore roosevelt? lindsay: the roosevelts, both of them, are huge. fdr was in the white house for a long time. he was going to have a huge impact. after him, truman oversaw a huge renovation. i also think jackson was a huge player, under jackson's presidency, the first time the east room is finished properly. that is a huge moment. then moving backwards, i would say the combination of madison and monroe, the white house burned in 1814 during the war of 812

the women in eleanor roosevelt's circle. she had this group of women journalists who went to the red room press conferences. those women were really critical. they worked for the major news sources. ap, the major newspapers. she brought them into the white house, she would have separate press conferences in her red room. therefore, on day one of the roosevelt residency in the white house, she started this tradition of a separate group of women. >> was that giving them opportunity to have a better voice? prof. keller: that is a very interesting question. one of the things i did not include in this presentation because i had done another talk here about eleanor roosevelt, in terms of women of war, eleanor roosevelt is a woman who goes into the war. she is active in meeting the military. she goes to europe. she is a very, very active person in being in the front line of engagement in the war. i think they got nervous at a point the cut she really was -- because she really was involved in all this stuff. the red room, which is a

roosevelt, of course, had been president for 12 years. many young people especially had known no other president. harry truman was suddenly thrust into the office. this office here is actually depicted as it appeared in the summer of 1950, just shortly after the korean war had started. it is decorated exactly the way it was on a particular day in august 1950. many of the items around the room are very typical of truman. the desk is cluttered with a lot of trinkets that were given to truman over the years. these are the items that happened to be on his desk on that day in august 1950. the furniture in the room is all reproduction furniture, because the original furniture is still at the white house. however, most of the items on the walls and on the tops of the desk and so forth are originals. there are few exceptions. but one of the most interesting pieces is the large globe in front of the fireplace mantel. in 1945, in july of 1945, harry truman went to the potsdam conference. while he was on that trip, he stopped and visited general eis

he breaks with franklin roosevelt in 1936 over roosevelt's new deal policies to restimulated the american economy, to get the country back on its feet after the depression. hearst breaks with roosevelt, supports a republican, the governor of kansas, for the presidency. this was an ugly break. bursts newspaper, in effect, called roosevelt an agent of moscow because of his policies, because of his new deal. roosevelt's supporters punish hearst for his apostasy. one way they did this was to revive furnish the war, to dust off this old anecdote that first appeared in creelman's book in to1, and invoke it as a way damage hearst's reputation. -- to damage hearst's reputation. it appears in a number of books and articles at that time, in the mid-1930's. it appears notably in this truculent, polemic biography of hearst. thin but hostile to hearst. this is one of the places where furnish the war is resurrected, and brought back into the public domain. what sealed this anecdote, what firmly planted it into the popular consciousness, was a 1941 motion picture loosely based on the times and life of w

franklin roosevelt was president longer than any other president. a lot of people e he was the only president they had known. now harry truman, who had only been vice president for 82 days is suddenly sworn in as president. >> the combined air might of the united nations is loosed upon war plants in nazi occupied europe. >> the world was in turmoil with wars in europe and the pacific. the war in europe was almost over. and in fact, germany surrendered on may 7th 1945. the next morning was harry truman's birthday. so the war in europe ended fairly quickly. but the war in japan in the pacific was continuing. there were fire bombing raids going on in tokyo, more than 100,000 people were killed in a single fire bombing raid. but in the midst of all this, truman also wanted to continue on some of franklin roosevelt's initiatives. one of the main ones being the founding of the united nations. so in june of 1945, you went to san francisco and signed the united nations charter. the first four months of truman's presidency are probably the most dramatic four

roosevelt was grateful for that. it helped him avoid a difficult situation at home where voters would likely object to the whole idea of a british commander. it was not happy news, however, for this man. this is general sir alan brooke. this is not david nevin, by the way. i have been accused of that, switching slides. brooke was the chief of the british armed services, particularly the army, and churchill twice promised him he would command the invasion. betrayed, felt expressing his bitterness in his private diary and postwar memoirs, where he wrote that churchill told him he was out as supreme commander. when that happened, i was swamped by a dark cloud of despair. almost as bad was the offhand way that churchill brought it up. he just told me about it. not for one moment did he realize what this meant to me. he offered no sympathy, no regret. whole diary and memoirs speak of his frustration working for and with winston churchill. when churchill broke that news men expected the american fdr would nominate to lead

roosevelt was sort of different. it's interesting that roosevelt never made protÉges of young congressman. i started to realize there was one exception to this, there was lyndon johnson often roosevelt would say come have breakfast with me and johnson would have breakfast with him. i said to a man named james wrote was an adviser to roosevelt and friend of johnson i said what's needed is different to franklin roosevelt and he said roosevelt was a political genius almost no one understood what he was talking about. lyndon johnson understood it all and roosevelt sold out. roosevelt once said if i'd gone to t southwest texas i would hae turned out like that. yes sir. >> when you are doing interviews can't people you talk to our aware they are talking of history and care about how they look. how do you decide what to believe, what they are shading and what they are not. >> how do i decide what to believe in the interviews flex >> i never believe what is told to me. ovaughter] you interview people over and over again. i

the hero of that eric was theodore roosevelt. he's thinking is this a good policy or not, but progressives do, hate the big, fight the big, reform government and cleaned up. he had to work in it but he was often assigned to clean up government, to shut and offices. he evaluating this whole time. what to mention he had a mentor who is also silent. i could did know this and i beo research in massachusetts at the forbes library for much of his material is. that was called w murray crane, senator crapo helped tr with coal strikes. crane was of the crane paper company. he was a businessman and the crane paper company, something called government, printed the dollar. in a very interesting way, crane knew about the u.s. economy through the dollar, to how much he printed. crane was silent, rarely spoke. he was the worcester, massachusetts, leader versus the boston leader in massachusetts politics, and that was his mentor. , how much of the crash of 29, 1929 could be blamed on coolidge? he left in, what, march -- ? >> guest: imagine the s

steve: teddy roosevelt called the presidency the bully pulpit. how would he view donald trump using his megaphone, twitter, today? prof. kruse: i think he would see it as the new bully pulpit, and trump is putting it to good use. steve: what has surprised you about how he has used social media? prof. kruse: what has surprised me is the total lack of filter. so when roosevelt or other presidents would use the bully pulpit, it was done with a very carefully prepared, carefully crafted message behind that. we have a strong tradition, especially through the modern period. if you look at presidents like reagan, he had a team behind him who really crafted a very important message, and they were very careful to shape every detail, they would pick backgrounds for photos. they would have key words of the day that they stressed throughout the day, and that they hammered home one theme and it was all very carefully thought out by a team of experts. trump does it on the fly. he does it, you know, seemingly on a whim. i guess on a phone perhaps. there are typ

however, elinor roosevelt did advocate for equal pay for equal work, and, next slide, it's up to the women, became a bible for women of the period. it's full of advice about how to take care of things, how to save money, how to have tips and recipes, but it also told women they should prepare for the future. and think about what they will do, and where they will go. next slide. here we have the rise of women power, that sounds like a very modern word, but it was very much in use in the 1940s. this was a little bit of a scary term for a lot of people. this meant there had to be a massive retooling of industry personnel, to include women, change modes of production, expanded to include women in all sectors, and then you have the issue of what were the traditional roles for women. and this became a real issue about how you're going to change these roles. next slide. here's the facts that make you open your eyes and realize the degree to which women were involved. in january 1942, 13 million women were working in industry. most people are very surprised when they hear that figure. by nov

roosevelt entered, he treated journalists as grown-ups. i see no reason why i should not talk to ladies and gentlemen off the record. please note, the ladies and gentlemen. packed intorters the oval office that day and were so impressed with him that they gave him a standing ovation at the end. undoubtedly last time that would ever happen. in the end, fdr conducted nearly notousand press conferences to mention 35 fireside chats. even eleanor roosevelt held her own press conferences where she invited only female reporters. the tremendous boon to women journalists across the country because even the most hidebound publishers realized they were now forced to hire women journalists. [applause] itcourse, when it came to and charm, john f. kennedy probably retired the prize. how far a reminds us little self-deprecating humor can go. remember modesty? asked him howoy he had become a war hero, he said -- it was absolutely involuntary. they sank my bow. then secretary -- then senator kennedy was being counted as a presidential contender. a slip of

in third place, franklin delano roosevelt. we chose goodwins really terrific biography on the white house years when they had all those interesting people including winston churchill living on the second floor of the white house to help them get through the war years. his lowest score was economic management. and pursuing equal justice for all. in second place was george washington, scoring 1's and 2' s. thesingle lowest score, and folks in mount vernon have been working hard to help us understand us is equal justice for all. and the top winner in our survey and every survey ever done is abraham lincoln. the top score was 1000 and abraham lincoln got a score of 907. he had a terrific rating on every single one except for relations with congress where he scored a 9. who are the bottom five? with on the other end of the spectrum? john tyler is number 39. our biographer does argue that he has redeeming qualities. i invite you to read that chapter. [laughter] the man who ended up not having a party but managed to establish the pre

after mckinley's from italy, roosevelt -- rooseveltnley, teddy devoured the white house and seemed to retain all the books. when novelists who wrote it -- who brought a new book to dinner, they were surprised the president had read it by breakfast the next morning. he enjoyed a natural affinity with the press corps. hour, --ra's wouldbbling president spout a never-ending stream of opinions while his poor barbara tried to shave him without slitting the presidential throat. [laughter] when calvin coolidge was president, he had the first couple of press conferences. they had to sit stiffly behind his desk working through a tidy stack of index cards. press relations only worsened with his successor, herbert hoover. in his own personal clone, even his own secretary of state conversing with uber said -- hoover said it was like sitting in a bath of ink. he proved so unpopular that one reporter said he was the first known instance of a rat joining the sinking ship. when franklin roosevelt came into office, he slipped away the restrictive rules and treated reporters like run ups -- like grown-

eleanor roosevelt intervened and they were able to have a band. she used the g.i. bill when she got out of the army to get her phd. and was a at howard senior fellow at howard and various schools on the east coast. she is the author of four books. i can see her after we dedicated and had programs here, walking up from the metro and i would always say, dr. putney, let me get you. and she would say, no, i can walk. her crooked legs walking up to be part of the ceremony. >> i know i made a contribution , bute women's army corps in the short run and the long that ialso realized learned a lot. it was a tremendous learning experience. mythey profited from service, i profited from having served. >> family members can register a family friend. you can do it online. it doesn't cost anything but we are always happy for donations. we have forms that can be sent or downloaded for people to register. register itself is not online. it is for security and privacy reasons stop we have chosen not to put those registrations online, but visitors can come. we spend a

what were those particular things that the roosevelt's brought. they had lots of kids as well. jonathan: it was a good time. fdr was not known to make too big of an appearance because he was concealing his disability. but eleanor roosevelt was there, she was very much the leader of the easter egg roll during that time. she's the first lady or president to speak live directly from the easter egg roll on the radio. and usually the weather was very good. there was one year where was not so good. it was unnaturally very cold and only about 5000 kids showed up, which is really tiny for something like this. and she more or less just urged everyone to run around, have fun and stay warm. >> talking about presidents and war, tell me what happened during the bush administration when the iraq war was going on? jonathan: the president and first lady had a great idea that in order to remind everyone that even on the happiest occasions, we need to remind our active-duty members are making great they had yellow for the iraq war. >> the yellow ribbon concept. jonathan: support our troops. then

roosevelt look at alternatives. a place more secure and safe. there was a place that was a little more tropical and remote. think what had been, had president roosevelt followed through and move the presidential retreat from shangri-la to guantanamo bay. [laughter] holly: mike, you were the commanding officer at the end of president clinton's term and the start of the bush term. you got to run the place. tell us about what that entailed and tell us about the place itself. michael: thank you for this honor. 200 acres. catoctin mountain park. it is a rustic retreat. single-story cabins, cedar roofs. enough amenities and security, but very pleasant, simple place to go where many presidents up on respite. holly: talk about your role and the staff. michael: it's run by the navy. it is been that way since it started. roosevelt took the sailors from the yachts and have them guarded. it's navy command that operates and maintains the principal facility. on the weekends, it takes on an aura of being a place where the president and his family and guests ca

i think we need to recover the courage of theodore roosevelt who challenged the biggest companies of his time when he became president, the john rock fellers and jp morgueance. he stood up to them. so i think we need courageous enforcers but i think the public is clamoring for something. i think -- we started talking about the scurs of bigness. i think one of the things about monopoly is not just a matter of economics. it starts to bleed into politics, into culture and into what we call the news. and facebook is sort of the poster child i think of the curse of bigness. they got extremely large. they only cared about money and growth. they didn't take their position responsibly. they ended up being effectively hacked. instagram, too, which they controlled during the 2016 election. they've kind of had this terrible effect on what passes as news. so the social effects and the political effects of facebook are enormous. amazon is another example. they're taking over industries. having enormous effect on how people buy things. a lot of people buy them because they're cheap. there's someth

i think we need to recover the courage of theodore roosevelt who challenged the biggest company of his time and became president, the john rockefellers and the j.p. morgan's he stood up to them and told them. we need courageous enforcers but i think the public is clamoring for something. we started talking -- one of the things about monopoly, just a matter of economics. it starts to bleed into politics and culture in an to what we call the news and facebook is the poster child. it got extremely large, they only cared about money and growth, they did not take the position responsibly, they ended up being hacked, instagram to which they controlled in the 2016 election. and they had a terrible effect on what passed in the news. so the social effects and political effects of facebook are enormous. amazon is another example. they are taking over industries, having an enormous effect of how people buy things. a lot of people like that because they're cheap but there's something to be said for that. the other hand, the externalities, side effects on labor and retail haven't fully been thought

i think we need to recover the courage of theodore roosevelt biggestlenged the companies of his time when he johne president, the rockefellers and the j.p. morgans. them.od up to i think we need courageous enforcers. but i think the public is clamoring for something. i think, you know, this -- we started talking about the curse of bigness. of the things about monopoly, it's not just a matter economics. it starts to bleed into politics, into culture, and into the news.ll and facebook is sort of the poster child, i think, of the bigness. they got extremely large. they only cared about money and growth. take their position responsibly. they ended up being effectively hacked. which theyoo, controlled during the 2016 election. they kind of had this terrible effect on what passes as news. the social effects and the political effects of enormous.re amazon is another example. you know, they're taking over having enormous effect on how people buy things. a lot of people like them, cheap. they're there's something to be said for that. on the other hand, these sort of the sidethings, effects on

in third place, franklin roosevelt. they had all interesting people including winston churchill living in the will has to get through the war years. his lowest scores, he is fifth in economic management. and eighth which they are both high scores in pursuing equal justice for all. next, here we are in his home, second place, with george washington scoring ones and twos across the board by historians. but his single low score and i'm sure the folks in mount vernon have been working so hard to help us all understand this, 13 in equal justice for all. and the top winner not only our survey but in every survey ever done of presidents really is abraham lincoln. the top score was a thousand. abraham lincoln won a score of 907. he had a terrific rating on every single one and except for relations with congress when he scored a nine. [laughter] who are the bottom five? who is at the other end of the spectrum? john tyler. number 39. virginia native, biographer was edward, who does argue his qualities i urge you to read the chapt

franklin roosevelt, theodore roosevelt, abraham lincoln, and white eisenhower. guest: eisenhower has moved up. he was always around eight or 10, now he has moved into the top five. why is he having a moment? part of it is that people are looking at his record. it was called the hidden handed presidency, when documents were opened in kansas, people seeing that eisenhower really was engaged in the hands-on. he had one or two terms. he was a fiscal conservative. he did many innovative things, like the eisenhower interstate highway system, which we'll benefit from. nasa,. lawrence seaway, and having earl warren on the supreme court, for assuring in the beginning of the death of jim crow. the sending of federal troops to little rock. he got, the fact that out of the korean war and didn't get us into a major war. 1961 he gave the farewell address where he warned about the industrial military complex in america. like bigat don't government, libertarians, and people on the left, they loved his farewell address. we pulled together a coalition to make the top five and on

teddy roosevelt coming aboard after the parade. teddy was the governor of new york at the time, and clearly one of the reasons olympia got built in the first place. we skipped through a lot of time. olympia goes through the period after war where she is doing her standard naval things. she is doing maneuvers, traveling around a bit. she does a stint in annapolis as a training vessel for the students there, and then world war i breaks out. she is assigned to be the flagship of the atlantic squadron, looking for u-boats. she runs aground in long island sound. she is nearly lost, but because it is wartime and she is of a good size, the capital ships were not suited for combating marines, so instead of getting cut up, she goes to a navy yard and resumes her duty, first doing convoys. then, towards the end of the war, a stint in the merman supporting the white russians. a great moment in history, the bolshevik revolution, of our ship is there. by this time she is obsolete. the british wanted to see america send coal burners in world war

maybe you could include franklin roosevelt in there, too. you look at presidents who faced existential challenges. if what they were doing didn't work out, there would go to the republic. the founders faced that existential challenge, and i think it ingrained themselves in our national story, because of their overcoming the challenges they faced. lincoln faced that, and i think you could say franklin roosevelt did, too. so i guessed the last century being the 20th century, maybe roosevelt in terms of the challenges that he faced and overcame. >> from casper, wyoming. mrs. cheney: oh, wow, that's my home. >> heading back there tomorrow. jan gray. lynne, about madison's height, he was only 5 feet or inches. he was a short as president, and i want to know when your research did you find that he had any troubles because of that , and especially with regard to his relationships with women? as you know, he didn't get married until he was a lot older , and dolly was 17 years younger than he was. mr. vice president, were to ask you about bald presid