union and he wanted to project leadership on the global stage he also realized that the soviet union faced a dramatic challenges that it was liking behind technologically blocking behind the west that it was embroiled in all kinds of third world conflicts was pain for clients world over it was just not sustainable it was losing the arms race with the united states so with gorbachev was trying to do was reinvent the soviet mission reimagine a new world order he put it out there of course he wanted to lead it of course he wanted to be the guy who would be in charge so to speak and that's where he made his vanity of course you see him but you know we all want to take credit for the things we do successful well some of us know there are dangers of our country ahead of our own but well i don't think that i think he did put the interests of the country. in front of himself it's obviously an obviously the policies that he's full full. and with the collapse of the soviet union it's not something that he intends now there's also a chapter on boris yeltsin in your book and he's somebody who ma

union and he wanted to project leadership on the global stage he also realized the soviet union faced dramatic challenges that it was liking behind technologically blocking behind the west that it was embroiled in all kinds of third world conflicts was pain for clients world over it was just not sustainable it was losing the arms race with the united states so what gorbachev was trying to do was reinvent the soviet mission reimagine a new world order he put it out there of course he wanted to lead it of course he wanted to be the guy who would be in charge so to speak and that's where i mean it is vanity of course you see it but you know we all want to take credit for the things we do successfully well some of us know there are the interests of our country ahead of our own but well i don't think that i think he did put the interests of the country. in front of himself it's obviously an obviously the policies that he's full full. and with the collapse of the soviet union it's not something that he intends now there's also a chapter on boris yeltsin in your book and he's somebody who ma

and the soviet union, i want to say went through 11 or 12 time zones. then here is one of the last exacts about the fall of the berlin wall and the collapse of the soviet union. what took place between 1989 and 1991 when the cold war was ending. and so we've got a picture of gorbachev, mikael gorbachev, along with ronald reagan, the two folks that were instrumental in helping to end the cold war. president reagan gets all the credit for ending the cold war, but the cold war actually ended when president bush was in office. so it's important for children and students to know about the cold war. in order to understand the world today, in order to understand this war on terror that we're living in, you have to understand how we got here, and we got here through the cold war. i want to give you one example of how this connects. in 1979, the soviets invade afghanistan. it's the afghan war. it was the soviets' vietnam war. it was an unpopular war in the soviet union, and many of their soldiers were being killed by the rebels who were fighting the invaders. on

sweet, sweet. of jews in israel and the former soviet union who are not going to be able to celebrate the passover. - without our help. - there is an emergency food crisis for elderly holocaust survivors in the former soviet union. - this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - just $25 provides one needy, elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america and canada who wants to bless them. call now. - please call the number on your screen now. - in ukraine there's no support network. they don't have food cards. their neighbors aren't coming to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. - the bible teaches, blessed is he whose hope is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute elderly jews in the former soviet union. just $2

the soviet union sent as i said had tens of thousands of weapons. china is selectively and has been a major beneficiary of the u.s. led war order. we have people in exchanges, hundreds of millions of dollars in trade. i would encourage that we try to avoid thinking of china by the way of an allergy and think of china on an allergy and we think of china on its own terms. i have we look at if we look at china like they are a competitor and we have to cooperate on issues of world order that is one way we can impart a little more granularity . i also do think it is important recognizing of course we have to do due diligence and engage in vigilance as dr. robert sutter said. it is very important the distrust between the u.s. and chinese national security establishments not trickle down to whole society. my concern is if we have intellectual exchanges we will have a difficulty in restoring trust. what i would like to see ideally is that 20-40 years that americans and chinese you've met each other at conferences like this one are in positions of power and

and so when tensions between the united states and the soviet union became too great, the soviet union blockaded berlin. and so the question for harry truman was, what do we do? do we relinquish bullet berlin. do we send in military forces potentially starting world world war iii? what is our solution? to provide supplies into berlin from the air. once this got started, it turned out to be quite successful. and it really expanded. and at one point, on a daily basis, almost 600 -- about 594 planes each day flew supplies into berlin to keep the city going. and they would not only air lift in food and fuel. the air lift went on for well over a year. but the soviet union eventually backed down and reopened the access to berlin. this exhibit is about truman's decision to recognize the state of israel in june of 1948. coming out of world war ii, there were many displaced persons throughout europe and of course the holocaust had devastated the jews in europe. so truman had a particular interest in trying to help the survivors of the holocaust. and many of them tried to get to palestine. and t

in central asia is probably stronger than it was in other parts of the former soviet union. the relationship is still very close, and its relations with its other neighbors very. if you look at the domestic systems in most of the countries of the former soviet space. but the legacy of communism and even before that is quite strong so you have governments that are run by baseball group of people whose families are involved and that's where the people who run the country's own most of the asset, the oligarchs. there are very few free and fair into georgia to some extent where you can't predict the outcome, there's a huge amount of corruption and that gives the russians leverage because it understands the way the leadership works and it's able to exploit it. >> host: we visited the countries to encourage the development of the democracy and institutions to support democracies primarily pro- women's refined an awful lot of turnover and corruption as you mentioned, and very little independence of the judiciary which you need to move this forward. what you very? >> guest: the abse

the soviet union was supporting so do new cold war but you also knew that we were not alone. we knew that if needed our nato allies led by the united states would soon be there with us we enjoyed a level of security that only our trance atlantic alliance could provide so thanks to nato as a young man during the cold war i felt safe and that says something about the strength of our audience madam speaker mr vice president members of congress at the entrance to the nato headquarters in belgium there are two monuments one a piece of the berlin wall designed to keep people in and ideas out it's faint it failed of the thanks . it's fairly because the ideals and the values odo's have built it were less compelling and less powerful than ours because we as nato were salutes we stood together and would not back down the other monument is a twisted steel beam from the north tower or the world trade center emma morial to the ordinary people going about their business on an ordinary day when the unthinkable happened. a memorial to the two thousand nine hundred seventy seven people who lo

. ♪ of jews in israel and the former soviet union who are not going to be able to celebrate the passover. - without our help. - there is an emergency food crisis for elderly holocaust survivors in the former soviet union. - this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - just $25 provides one needy, elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america and canada who wants to bless them. call now. - please call the number on your screen now. - in ukraine there's no support network. they don't have food cards. their neighbors aren't coming to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. - the bible teaches, blessed is he whose hope is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute elderly jews in the former soviet union. just $25 provides on

norway is actually boarding the soviet union. but you also knew that we were not alone. we knew that if needed our nato allies, led by the united states, would soon be there with us. enjoyed a level of security that only our transatlantic alliance could he provide. so thanks to nate heo, as a young man during the cold war i felt safe. -- nato, as a young man during the cold war i felt safe. that says something about the strength of our alliance. madam speaker, mr. vice resident, members of congress, at the entrance to the nato headquarters in belgium there are two monuments. one, a piece of the berlin wall. designed to keep people in and ideas out. it failed. it failed because the ideas and the values of those who built it were less compelling and less powerful than ours. because we as nato were resolute, we stood together, and would not back down. the other monument is a twisted steel beam from the north tower of the world trade center. a memorial to the ordinary people going about their business on an ordinary day when the unthinkable happened. memorial to the 2,977 pe

the soviet union knew we were flying over the soviet union and we knew they knew, but no one said anything because no one wanted to admit weakness. so to go back to your question, i don't think anyone thought, oh, we'll be able to completely deny this, but the hope was, we can plausibly deny it. we can say, we were there to help out if they asked us to help them. we were there as a friend. but we're in no way behind it. we weren't the ones instigating it or funding it. so they could deny key parts of it, while accepting other parts of it. does that answer the question? this gentleman here. and then i'll come to you. >> aside from the lack of air power and air cover, did you find any information regarding infiltration of the brigade by castro intelligence officers that already gave up the plan even before they even landed? >> i did not. but it's not, that's not because it's not out there. i think it's commonly assumed that he did know. it's hard to believe -- he had spies in miami, so certainly he knew what was going on among the cuban exiles in miami. he probably had spies in guatemala. an

by 1945 the soviet union gets nuclear weapons. by sputnik in 1957, they are able to put a satellite into space before us. this period of say 1945 to 1957, we were lagging behind in missile technology. it was not prioritized. once von braun gets to huntsville, he starts saying, let me do it. i know how. i can beat russia with a satellite. dwightizen hare didn't listen to von branch. you would think he he would have because he was the army's rocketeer. he went with vanguard, which is maybe. --navy. if you look at old clips of the navy launches, there were crumbling on their pads. it was by default that von braun and his ex nazi rocketeer's out of huntsville were given a green light. it was jack kennedy who believed in werner von braun. they first met in 1953 when henry luce of "time magazine" had written the introduction to jack kennedy's, "why england slept. " he was real close to young kennedy. so he picked young senator jack kennedy who won the senate in 1952. werner von braun, who was in colliers magazine, and being embraced by

that would allow the soviet union of ignoring any soviet casualties. this was the americans anticipating the soviet involvement would be part of the way they could not react to american infliction casualties. presidential daily briefs have signals intercepting intelligence. it notes that the u.s. intelligence firing on those and their death after we bombed those sites. this is september that indicates soviets and vietnamese personnel are manning communications complex involved in missile activities and concludes overall control is still in soviet hands. two months later, a report on the presidential daily brief on north vietnam notes that yesterday's airstrike caused soviet casualties. and accepted -- intercepted conversation refers to one comrade killed and four wounded. the term comrade was reserved for soviet personnel. the overall conclusion from those two conflicts is that, this level of sustained casualties was something that was not publicly discussed, but was an important facet of the war. it showcases the way secrecy was used to limit war. it

what about this idea of treating china the way that reagan treated the soviet union. broke them, didn't it? >> i'd did. we're funding our own destruction. china is using the profits of trade to expand its military and the senior military officers boast about killing americans. twice in december, the pla officers talked about unprovoked attacks on the u.s. navy in the global commons. in the second of those attacks, december 20th, a rear admiral said let's use our missiles by sinking two aircraft carriers? i don't understand why we trade with this country. we have to protect ourselves. >> laura: i remember in the 80s, i was in college, a big divestment from south africa movement. it ended up having an effect on a lot of companies, pulled out because of apartheid. tell us very quickly how on a scale china compares to what was happening as horrific as it was, the sheer numbers of those oppressed in china today? >> you talk about the reeducation centers. they're building crematoriums to dispose of the bodies. they're spread from the northwest of china to the southwest and

norway is actually boarding the soviet union. but you also knew that we were not alone. we knew that if needed our nato allies, led by the united states, would soon be there with us. enjoyed a level of security that only our transatlantic alliance could he provide. so thanks to nate heo, as a young man during the cold war i felt safe. -- nato, as a young man during the cold war i felt safe. that says something about the strength of our alliance. madam speaker, mr. vice resident, members of congress, at the entrance to the nato headquarters in belgium there are two monuments. one, a piece of the berlin wall. designed to keep people in and ideas out. it failed. it failed because the ideas and the values of those who built it were less compelling and less powerful than ours. because we as nato were resolute, we stood together, and would not back down. the other monument is a twisted steel beam from the north tower of the world trade center. a memorial to the ordinary people going about their business on an ordinary day when the unthinkable happened. memorial to the 2,977 pe

soviet union times what it is what it was and then he twirled the knobs again i will go back go back but then i thought they were in the news program was over it was something else like an outlook or some stupid program like that. so i didn't know i didn't hear it for and i can other hour and then i and then i didn't refer to because it was something that happened already a little while ago so there wasn't like any news item about it and became clear to me that you know the soviet union didn't exist. i am. i am on the book of the victim buckling out more money because yeah i do love mine don't miss it then you must lose it give it a good luck to the new mccloy's even back to my opinion why only along to bum up the money and. i acted like a gamble talking about the bubble. i didn't write i didn't do but. then. you. do. you see i think that i got to. buy my longbowmen i'm not bad guy a bad. memory but. i didn't listen they got to see that this that. you know. it. looks a little funny. flu. bug going. old. dog but the flu from cover told you fell in love w. the idea of going to be a goo

became clear to me that you know the soviet union didn't exist. that i name i have among the book i'm a team book going out more i did my good with the guy yeah i don't know mind on one visit thing about blizzard to vote and elect and the number two was even back to him why only to bump up money and. i asked him ok gamble talking about the bugaboo fire. yeah. yeah yeah. yeah. yeah yeah right i did. and i'm glad. you. do. you see i've been down that i've got to. run my long long run diabetic. i didn't listen they were going to see nothing that. he was. asking. but look. old. let's talk about the fluently unintelligible new album double good noble they are going to die. a. little. cool down play ball for. the cambium simply because of music you've heard the top admissable the people. siteman because we're both hot things being with the child in the mud. but. the whole thing was. now knows how much longer this kind of life of a man love feel privileged to have been living in a lived but but a problem my life in this world the to. help this is not the

it was the breadbasket of the soviet union in the old days, the ukraine. it was seen the old days, the ukraine. it was seen as a the old days, the ukraine. it was seen as a significant part of that, the agrarian part of the soviet union. now it is an independent state but it is being pulled both ways from east and west in trying to find its place in the world. you have to wonder what they are thinking in the kremlin about this? who knows? perhaps they know more about him than we do, perhaps they have been spying on him. what, the russian spying? that is a ridiculous accusation. i don't think there is any evidence for that at all. chuckling the other ft front page story, about chain store closures, they are putting a figure on it to top 1000 over two years. again, not a surprise. we know this is happening, we know people prefer shopping online increasingly, it is convenient, i do it all the time, why would you want to go to a shop, so why would you want to go to a shop, so you have a string of household names, paper chase, monsoon, debenhams, all to use thi

. ♪ ♪ of jews in israel and the former soviet union who are not going to be able to celebrate the passover. - without our help. - there is an emergency food crisis for elderly holocaust survivors in the former soviet union. - this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - just $25 provides one needy, elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america and canada who wants to bless them. call now. - please call the number on your screen now. - in ukraine there's no support network. they don't have food cards. their neighbors aren't coming to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. - the bible teaches, blessed is he whose hope is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute elderly jews in the former soviet union. just $25 provides on

or know that there was a former soviet union i got into the force there was still the soviet union times when he said what it was and then he twirled the knobs again i go go go back go back but then i thought that with the news program was over it was something else like an outlook or some stupid program like that and. so i didn't know i didn't hear for like another hour and then i and then i didn't refer to because it was something that happened already a little while ago so there wasn't like any news item about it and it became clear to me that you know the soviet union didn't exist. that i am now. i am in the book a convict him buckling on more i don't know why david because the guy yeah i don't mind on one visit the number one had to be and elected the new mccloy's even back to mcwilliam why only one. bum up money and. i acted like a gamble talking about the bubble can feel. the audi they don't. like the firebag. going on. about the number. to. the. down and i got to. them by my longbowmen a bad guy about. memory by little. i didn't listen again to see nothing in the senate gallery a

. - there are tens if not hundreds of thousands of jews in israel and the former soviet union who are not going to be able to celebrate the passover. - without our help. - there is an emergency food crisis for elderly holocaust survivors in the former soviet union. - this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - just $25 provides one needy, elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america and canada who wants to bless them. call now. - please call the number on your screen now. - in ukraine there's no support network. they don't have food cards. their neighbors aren't coming to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. - the bible teaches, blessed is he whose hope is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute elderly jews i

as an aside the general form policy approach to the former soviet union is especially worth remembering today the hostility to the west is not the result of hostility toward russia but the hostility emanates from the kremlin deliberately magnanimous that is the lugar doctrine to form policy to build former legacy on agriculture and food security everything from working on the farm bill with aid and development the good news is on these and other subjects it will not end now or with his retirement thriving under not only his name but since he retired will continue to serve as an important voice of national policy conversations. and of course, that isn't even defined as the ongoing lugar legacy the family and his wife that they built together. and inseparable team since their days as co- class presidents at denison university that includes there four sons 13 grandchildren and 17 great-grandchildren. so we mourn his passing that will live so well and so fully our friend7 left us at 87 years old with the gratitude of his colleagues with the respect of his country and leaders around the worl

food crisis for elderly holocaust survivors in the former soviet union. - this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - just $25 provides one needy, elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america and canada who wants to bless them. call now. - please call the number on your screen now. - in ukraine there's no support network. they don't have food cards. their neighbors aren't coming to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. - the bible teaches, blessed is he whose hope is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute elderly jews in the former soviet union. just $25 provides one elderly holocaust survivor with a special emergency food package. call right now. - please call the number on your screen now. - what i

or know that there was a former soviet union i got into the force that was still the soviet union times way the same as i then he twirled the knobs again i won't go back go back but then i thought they were in the news program was over it was something else like an outlook or some stupid program like that. and so i didn't know i didn't hear from like another hour and then i and then i didn't refer to because it was something that happened already long while ago so there wasn't like any news item about it. became clear to me that you know the soviet union didn't exist. i am now i have a committee i'm booking on where i did not minded him a companion the guy yeah i don't mind on one visit the number. i don't let in a close even. money and leave the whole concert i acted like a gamble talking about the bubble of faith and. they damn. right i did. and too bad. about. to. be i think down at zero five. and i'm alone i'm not gonna buy a. memory buy with. again i didn't listen again out of season happy to send a gavel as. pm comes in again and asking. the fellow. but. i think i. told my wife th

the soviet union and china are very different. engagement model, and what framework of this engagement that you propose will be ideal? we have gone from peaceful rise to peaceful development, major power relations, back and forth. we have this strategic rivalry. how do we manage that? upthe advantage of growing abroad and having extensive experience with foreign countries is you tend not to romanticize people. my parents best friends in china were chinese. my playmates when i was growing up were chinese. my parents cautioned me to be careful not to be lured into chinese student's rooms, because of the possibility of abuse. i didn't grow up romanticizing the chinese. we had to watch out for pickpockets, the, and murderers. had wonderful friends from different segments of chinese society. human nature was no different from american human nature. problems the u.s. has, we have less exposure to foreign people in many other countries, because we are further away from them, and we can kind of ignore the rest of the world if we want. fin

norway is actually boarding the soviet union. but you also knew that we were not alone. we knew that if needed our nato allies, led by the united states, would soon be there with us. enjoyed a level of security that only our transatlantic alliance could he provide. so thanks to nate heo, as a young man during the cold war i felt safe. -- nato, as a young man during the cold war i felt safe. that says something about the strength of our alliance. madam speaker, mr. vice resident, members of congress, at the entrance to the nato headquarters in belgium there are two monuments. one, a piece of the berlin wall. designed to keep people in and ideas out. it failed. it failed because the ideas and the values of those who built it were less compelling and less powerful than ours. because we as nato were resolute, we stood together, and would not back down. the other monument is a twisted steel beam from the north tower of the world trade center. a memorial to the ordinary people going about their business on an ordinary day when the unthinkable happened. memorial to the 2,977 pe

it used to be a republic of the soviet union. but it differed from the invasion of ukraine in a number of ways. first the russians pulled back, they did not invade georgia properly. they did not invade and remain in the part of georgia that is not under dispute. they did remain in a hosea which is under international law part of georgia but which is in dispute. which georgia did not control. so it was not quite the same in that sense. second, ukraine is a more important country is more squarely in europe, importers on a nato country mainly pulling, it was a much more serious breach of the peace. in the russian forces have remained in ukraine. so those are the differences that led me to it put the invasion of ukraine in a different category from the assault on georgia. gentlemen here. >> and probably speaking to brown at the moment. but the exception of the middle east which is different with the case of iran from china and russia. it strikes me that both sides of the ledger whether that be u.s. allies or potential u.s. allies, as

he was even saying kind things about the soviet union which had killed at least 20 million, as many as 40 million people in the name of socialism. don't you think that it's just going to be a slam-dunk for president trump if bernie sanders is nominated? >> yes. that's why i want him to win. listen, i think he's the soul of the democrat party. i think they lie to themselves. they want the most electable candidate which i think would be joe biden, who i call jeb biden. there's no constituency for joe biden. he's too moderate, too yesterday. they won't support him. they believe if you are an authentic progressive, you are electable. that is bernie sanders more than anyone else on the ticket. maybe he picks kamala harris as a vp, i don't know. but the energy is still there for him. they thought he got cheated last time. i'm telling you, he will get crushed in the general which is great if you love america, but the socialism infection is deeper than we think. it's really unfortunate, especially for young people. david: it would be historic in a bad sense. pete hegseth, good to see you. than

north korea has few friends in the world russia is one of them but they used to be close the soviet union was once pyongyang's main trading partner taking over half its exports today trade is just a trickle worth about two million dollars a year jute international sanctions against north korea's weapons programs taking steps towards each other moscow has called for sanctions to be eased that would allow the restart of trade and joint infrastructure projects which would profit both countries. the first ever meeting between put and kim in front of awestruck could put the diminished alliance back on track. joining us now is on very long call from cooper in university incirlik he's a professor of history and author of many books on north korea for the land of good to have you with us. the north korean leader kim jong un has met chinese president xi jinping four times in the past year and now he's met a bloody mean putin is this in your view or kiss off kim jong un leaning on old friends to help him out of a deadlock. i felt just awful low but ease it really good and to help him out of bed loo