find out about the lessons we climb a change from penguins to the antarctic. welcome to the program we start in the united states where a key witness is appearing at the impeachment inquiry into president donald trump america's ambassador to the european union gordon song plans were central to president trump's attempts to get ukraine to investigate his political by joe biden and his links to ukrainian energy company. told lawmakers that ukraine's president was offered a white house meeting in exchange for announcing the corruption investigation he also talked about why the white house withheld military aid to ukraine. in the absence of any credible explanation for the suspension of aid i later came to believe that the resumption of security aid would not occur until there was a public statement from ukraine committing to the investigations of the 2016 elections and. as mr giuliani had demanded i shared concerns of the potential quid pro quo regarding the security aide with senator ron johnson and i also shared my concerns with the ukrainians. scott's reaction

we think it's because of the fishery of antarctic tooth fish. the tooth fish and the penguin eat the same prey. so now there are more fish available for the adults to capture and feed to their chicks. >> anthony: so there's less competition, therefore more of the same prey available? >> david: yeah. >> anthony: i haven't seen a lot of them going into the water, but their looking for some indicator that there are fish in there. >> david: they're afraid to cross the ice crack because leopard seals might be in them. they're very hesitant so then finally they make the plunge. >> anthony: i mean, they're very agile. they don't look though at first at first brush. they appear clumsy, but i'm watching them and they've got a lot of moves. >> david: yeah, they're very, very agile. >> anthony: increasingly people want to see penguins. they are much loved by, you know, children everywhere. a lot of people would like to come to antarctica as tourists and look at penguins up close in a natural environment without impacting in a negative way. is that a good t

the antarctic is one of the most remote parts of the world but also one that is warming the quickest scientists fear that global warming is melting the confidence ice contributing to rising sea levels. is a key barometer for the impacts of climate change i want to dozens of international the barges monitoring the effects of global warming where is the noise my last station we went to see how the research is study climate change. antarctica a continent almost completely covered in ice yet extremely sensitive to even the slightest changes in climate. it's edge the frozen ocean front is home to the emperor penguin here on the ice shelf it's freezing cold perfect conditions for emperor penguin breeding researchers say if the climate changes it would most likely affect them right now they're trying to count the penguins in the colony. do you think you could only it's i think a huge danger for this penguin colony here is that the structure of the sea ice on which they've green it is changing. if there's an increase in temperature and the sea ice shrinks breaks up earlier in the year their

reports from who joins us now from knowing my station in the antarctic a welcome. i asked signs of climate change visible out there on the ice. here at noma station they're not really risible in the environment here because temperatures are really stable so far in wintertime in june july about minus 40 minus 50 degrees restrung winter and now in an arctic summer we're about 10 minus 20 degrees so so far matilda just say it's a stable temperature here registered in the last 10 years but there are indicator on the other side of the battle of the battle sea which had cost that a ping when colony disappeared there because the ice melted and as well a british polar station at loch to station had to be removed and is now temporarily out of work they are. it's too dangerous for them to go on working on the show if i was there because it melted foster than they expected so there are changes registered as well as the peninsula and the arctic peninsula here and annoy my us so far stable conditions and let's talk more than about the penguins what makes very such a useful. ani

plus find out about the lessons that penguins can teach us about climate change the antarctic is a keeper all matter for measuring the impact of climate change we'll take a look at the researchers at work at the bottom of the work. i'm burnt off to our viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and all around the world welcome we begin in the united states a key witness in the impeachment hearings against president donald trump has describe. i beheld the white house made military aid to ukraine conditional on ukraine announcing an investigation into trump's political rival america's ambassador to the european union gordon tsonga says that there was a clear quid pro quos in the president's push to get ukraine to investigate the son of corporate vice president joe biden and his links to ukrainian energy company. ambassador songlines testimony came on the 4th day have public impeachment hearings a white house meeting between trump and ukraine's president was also on the table here is part of songlines testimony that he delivered as i testified previously mr giuliani's requests were a quid pro qu

the antarctic is a key barometer for measuring the impact of climate change. we will take a look at researchers at work at the bottom of the world. i'm brent goff. to our viewers on pbs in the united states and all around the world, welcome. we begin in the united states. a key witness in the impeachment hearings against tromso fire has the -- against president donald trump has described how the president made a two ukraine conditional on an investigation into the president's political rival. ambassador's testimony came on the fourth day of public impeachment hearings. a white house meeting between trump and ukraine's president was also on the table. here is part of sandlin's testimony. >> as i testified previously, mr. giuliani demanded that ukraine make a public statement announcing investigations of the 2016 election, d&c server, -- d&c -- dnc server. we knew these investigations were important to the president. brent: let us go to washington and bring in our correspondent who is covering the story for us. good evening to you. what we heard today was dammin

plus what lessons can we learn about climate change from penguins wired to the antarctic to find out. i'm brian thomas great to have you with us and as the international is reporting that more than 100 people have been killed in a government crackdown on protests in iran the unrest erupting after sharp spikes in fuel prices now authorities responded by shutting down the internet supreme leader ayatollah ali khamenei has described the protests quote as a security matter. very little information reaches the outside world from iran authorities have shut down the internet whether there are still protests there and where they may be taking place it's difficult to verify. videos from monday evening show angry demonstrators some are demanding that the government step down the protests were sparked by a drastic increase in the price of gasoline u.s. sanctions and mismanagement are the main causes of iran's economic crisis. also by the i have 3 jobs to support myself of course people are upset and now they found a reason to show their dissatisfaction everyone does it in their own way. but of c

the lessons to be learned about climate change from penguins to hear from our correspondents in the antarctic. i'm burnt off it's good to have you with this we begin tonight with that bombshell testimony. in washington today a key witness in the impeachment hearings against president donald trump has described how the white house made military aid to ukraine conditional on ukraine announcing an investigation into trump's political rival joseph america's ambassador to the european union gordon's online says that there was a clear quid pro quo in the president's push to get ukraine to investigate the son of former vice president joe biden and his links to the ukrainian energy company jury sma ambassadors on was testimony came on the 4th day of the investigations public hearings. a white house meeting between trump and ukraine's president zelinsky was also on the table here's part of what someone said today as i testified previously mr giuliani's requests were a quid pro quo for arranging a white house does it for president selenski mr giuliani demanded that ukraine make a public statement annou

in fact, he was even part of the first solar—powered antarctic expedition. and now at 25 years old, polar explorer barney swan is here to discuss his new documentary airing in singapore tonight, the naked arctic adventure. firstly, these seem like exciting adventures that you have been on but they do have a serious message behind them. yes, we go to these posts that make places to understand what the world is telling us from the north pole to the south pole in places like the himalayas and coming back trying to find solutions that will protect and restore what is going on, really learning from these places. we are seeing some clips from the documentary telus about what you saw both poles, the effect of climate change that you have seen first—hand. of climate change that you have seen first-hand. what we experience now in the arc dig is quite scary. the summer in the arc dig is quite scary. the summer ice is no longer a thing. my father skied to the north pole in the 1980s and that it really impossible now but 2040 it will be impossible. the south pole, the

it's the same at many of the stations across antarctica but that's not the case on the antarctic peninsula there's been a stock rise in temperatures the stack of. work. that's causing the glassy a crust to melt scientists there have also measured a warming of the water. climate change is already starting to eat away at antarctica it's just a question of how far the effects will reach. we have some football is now in jos a marine you know has been named the new coach of the english premier league club tottenham hotspur replacing the outgoing. marino has won multiple titles in portugal england italy and spain his most recent coaching position was at manchester united where he was sacked in december of 20 team his predecessor tottenham tino took charge of that club in 2014 teen and led them to last season's champions league final but he's always short of expectations this season. and a sign that the christmas season is drawing near london's 2 gardens has launched its annual christmas light show organizers installing more than a 1000000 lights this year sparkly trail takes visitors through the

based on antarctic you can do via a tour of the not to actually do. as much of it but go and amend the most. of. all of them clukey jli t.v. many many many mention is c c a 7 now you just felt. very one could of course not go showdowns like oprah does was it a bird or not there's a word hard rock group that. works for the been a part of the move for the. another couple of moments i love the it how julian to know what i tell you. tell you true but others will believe you for the milk but i know couldn't a little money in the hand of be but one subject that how to do a little. bill x. on a cattle car and into a bit of lead the agree. and i will adopt it in the caning deserve to be included will not have the biblical scene samone of him up at the listeners to my. mona comment. and that. someone. and finally president trump has been churning out the tweets again trying to undermine the impeachment process by trashing some of the witnesses involved since taking office donald trump has put out more than 11000 tweets he has worn out his caps lock key by scap

just on antarctic you can do via a tour of the not that i can. see. as much in it but one and them and the most. of. all of them clukey jli t.v. many many many mention a c c a 7 now you just. very one can of course because show don't fuck up enough i get a bit bored of there's a world of hard rock. work of the heart of the mood of the. another couple of moments allowed the of how julian to know what i tell. you but others will believe it's a little quality 1000000 but that the handle couldn't alone any of kind of be but one subject that had to do a little. bit accent a cut ok and a bit of lead the agree. and i will adopt it in the caning deserve to be included will not have the biblical sense of my own of him up at the listeners to my. own a comment. and that. someone. and finally president trump has been churning out the tweets again trying to undermine the impeachment process by trashing some of the witnesses involved since taking office donald trump has put out more than 11000 tweets he has worn out his caps lock key by scapegoating minority groups

there among the most common elementary particles and a source of fascination for scientists in the antarctic an entire observatory has been built to detect these mysterious objects. in 2015 to physicists shared the nobel prize for demonstrating that neutrinos have mess but how much mass to find out researchers have developed the world's most precise scale. tree knows are born during nuclear fusion in the sun countless numbers of solar neutrinos arrive on earth every 2nd and that's just one source of this mysterious particles they're so puny that until recently scientists believe they had no mass at all. today we know that this subatomic particles do have a mass an extremely small one physicist magnus lesser is involved in experiments to pin it down they've already yielded initial results. yet so these measurements allowed us to narrow down. the estimate is mass so the upper limit was previously 2 electoral votes but now we've cut that in half with we now know that you train those have to be lighter than one electron volts massacre of a little it's hard to picture how small that is grams it b

several trillion times and you froze it into trillions of tons of snow and spread that across the west antarctic ice sheet covering it with a blanket of artificial snow. a team from the pasta institute for climate impact research or pic thinks this could save the ice sheet and stop coastal cities such as shanghai and new york from becoming submerged if and arctic as giant ice sheet melts pick researchers estimate that sea levels would rise by more than 3 meters. it's always a picture doing what scientists do best the dokken experiment and that's what we call it in german. so that's all just hypothetical a thought experiment just like most of the ideas on how to intervene in the earth's climate system it's called geo engineering and there are 2 main approaches. first extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere known as carbon dioxide removal and 2nd reflect solar energy to prevent further heating called solar radiation management let's start with number one. a whole range of measures are being discussed on the one hand things like reforestation. trees absorb c o 2 from the atmosphere as they live

nasa is working with the australian antarctic programme to test the metre—long robot. it may one day help spot signs of extraterrestrial life on europa, one ofjupiter‘s icy moons. and finally, google has built a room—sized egg to help solve one of the hardest parts of 3d modelling, lighting. this 3d camera setup is rigged with more than 300 led lights that can produce any colour and create human models that will blend into their virtual environments. but will this bright idea take off? we're hooked on apps that demand our repeated attention, and it's no secret that the tech companies have used particular techniques to make their products and platforms habit—forming. those videos that just autoplay one after the other, those stats next to your posts hinting atjust how popular you are. that notification icon — it's red for a reason, you know. red is a trigger colour. even the act of swiping down to refresh your feed feels like you're playing a slot machine, and the fact that you don't exactly know what you'll get as a reward... well, that's addictive too. to be c

plus, we've got antarctic front bringing heavy snow winter storm advisories and warnings in effect for 20 states for 54 million people from missouri to maine. snowfalls from 4 inches to 8 inches of snow from the great lakes all the way to new england and airport delays will be a big problem as well, lester, right through wednesday. >> all right, al, thank you. >>> battle lines are drawn tonight as house democrats prepare to begin public hearings on impeachment this week the shadow of the impeachment showdown even following president trump on his veterans day travels here's hallie jackson with that. >> reporter: even honoring the nation's veterans in new york, president trump cannot escape what was literally looming over him. impeachment, as those hearings go public this week. out from behind closed doors, three career diplomats whose testimony appears to connect the dots of a quid pro quo, that president trump looked to trade military aid to ukraine for political help investigating joe biden and the 2016 election one democratic source predicting a blockbuster, with the president's crit

nasa is working with the australian antarctic programme to test the metre—long robot. it may one day help spot signs of extraterrestrial life on europa, one ofjupiter‘s icy moons. and finally, google has built a room—sized egg to help solve one of the hardest parts of 3d modelling, lighting. this 3d camera setup is rigged with more than 300 led lights that can produce any colour and create human models that will blend into their virtual environments. but will this bright idea take off? we're hooked on apps that demand our repeated attention, and it's no secret that the tech companies have used particular techniques to make their products and platforms habit—forming. those videos that just autoplay one after the other, those stats next to your posts hinting atjust how popular you are. that notification icon — it's red for a reason, you know. red is a trigger colour. even the act of swiping down to refresh your feed feels like you're playing a slot machine, and the fact that you don't exactly know what you'll get as a reward — well, that's addictive too. to be

and we in the arctic, it's more easy to see the difference in the arctic than the antarctic. we've seen huge differences. in the 1970s, i was designing sledges that were somewhat waterproof in case there was a canal. now we are designing canoes, which can be pulled every night and again. so the amount of water in 20 years up there in this huge area of ice, which is shrinking, is enabling people to canoe to the pole instead of travelling overland. are you a supporter of extinction rebellion? whose core message is it's no good in mouthing the rhetoric of caring for the planet, we have to change how we live right now? i'm totally in support of the rebellion as long as it doesn't put people off by doing violent things or becoming too like the gilets jaunes. as long as complain and they get politicians to guarantee have people to drive, which is difficult because of their business side, you know, very difficult indeed. but that is what is required — something like extinction rebellion, of old and young, really trying to push the movement to get sensible carbon behaviour, which i

it's the same at many other stations across antarctica but that's not the case on the antarctic peninsula there's been a stock rise in temperatures there. that's causing the crusts to melt scientists there have also measured a warming of the water. climate change is already starting to eat away at antarctica it's just a question of how far the effects will reach. this is news these are our top stories right now. the human rights group amnesty international says as many as 106 people may have died during protests across iran the demonstrations began over the weekend after the government announced a sharp hike in fuel prices. pope francis is touched down in bangkok as he begins a weeklong tour of thailand in japan the pontiff hopes his visit will boost the faith of catholics in both countries and address pressing regional issues like human trafficking. to senior u.s. officials who listen to president trump's july phone call with his ukrainian counterpart have expressed their concerns over the conversation calling it improper and unusual the former special envoy to ukraine kurt volker also t

nasa is working with the australian antarctic programme to test the metre—long robot. it may one day help spot signs of extraterrestrial life on europa, one ofjupiter‘s icy moons. and finally, google has built a room—sized egg to help solve one of the hardest parts of 3d modelling, lighting. this 3d camera setup is rigged with more than 300 led lights that can produce any colour and create human models that will blend into their virtual environments. but will this bright idea take off? we're hooked on apps that demand our repeated attention, and it's no secret that the tech companies have used particular techniques to make their products and platforms habit—forming. those videos that just autoplay one after the other, those stats next to your posts hinting atjust how popular you are. that notification icon — it's red for a reason, you know. red is a trigger colour. even the act of swiping down to refresh your feed feels like you're playing a slot machine, and the fact that you don't exactly know what you'll get as a reward... well, that's addictive too. to be c

nasa is working with australian antarctic programme to test the metre long robot. it may one day help spot signs of extraterrestrial life on europa, one ofjupiter‘s by simmons. and finally, google has built a room —sized egg to help solve one of the ha rd est —sized egg to help solve one of the hardest parts —sized egg to help solve one of the ha rd est parts of —sized egg to help solve one of the hardest parts of 3d modelling, lighting. this 3d camera setup is rigged with more than 300 led lights that can produce any colour and create human models that will blend into their virtual environments. but will this bright idea take off? we are hooked on that demand our repeated attention, and it's no secret that the tech companies have used particular techniques to make their products and platforms habit—forming. those videos that just autoplay habit—forming. those videos thatjust autoplay one after the other, those stats next to your posts hinting atjust how popular you are. that notification icon, it's popular you are. that notification icon, its red for

in tasmania suddenly got cold snowed it snowed in the victorian alps as well this came up from the antarctic when of course you get these big variations in temperature in spring searching as it slightly brightens up in melbourne 30 in hobart rain more likely than snow come friday it's $28.00 in sydney but it's warmest still in perth we're going to go to the highs thirty's next couple days a proper little heat wave in fact 44 seems likely bit further north and still west of australia in fact there's a contrast between this part and the southeast corner of day and night of about 50 degrees celsius just proper springtime variation we had rain in new south wales is no more significant rain to come in the next couple of days for the system is moving across the tasman sea and for the south are in that cloud will bring a little bit but not a lot of rain i think that is largely during friday the wind direction a northerly means is quite worn or going to 23 degrees cools down a little bit to get to saturday 90 with the increasing cloud and rain creeping up through the south island directly north and

since the treaty was implemented in 198900 new caution over the antarctic has been reduced. me to cool bodies in this age of globalization we can create international institutions that can effectively coordinate efforts to use our resources in a more environmentally friendly more efficient way of the quad in. the world continues to look for solutions to problems that affect us all in $215196.00 countries approved the paris agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions as part of the effort to curb global warming thanks. but some countries no longer support the agreement. the united states world with draw. from the paris. climate accord. our agriculture is being crushed by environmental regulations that do nothing to protect the environment. or that of polish economy is based on coal that will never change. people keep voting for governments because they roll back environmental standards. then the world will be in a very bad shape indeed. but more and more young people are taking to the streets to demand environmental and climate protection. there is an appetite for a differ

a film about how hot in the antarctic so in a post-war era brown was very successful in a stablish in a very high and corporate design a corporate identity if you will i know that a corporate identity had to share. its known for contemporary and functional design and detail hommes was instrumental in that process obs at any time. today the world's leading tech companies continued to be inspired by the classic $960.00 s. and seventy's brown a static anesthetic that lives on apple's i pod and i found. the 1st generation i pod which references the brown t 3 pocket radio apple's chief designer johnny i thought knowledge is the jets and presented detail roms with an i pod in return. while bell house propagated a union of vox crafters technology brown and apple representing a union of art commercialism and consumption a sign of the times. the minimalist almost modest look of their products is well suited to the digital age in today's highly individualized society the design of the products we buy is an expression of our identity. what's modest about our house objects things fake fake modest

tasmania suddenly got cold it snowed it snowed in the victorian alps as well this came up from the antarctic when of course you get these big variations in temperature in spring surtees as it slightly brightens up in melbourne 30 in hobart rain more likely than snow come friday is $28.00 in sydney but it's warmer still in perth weakening up to the highs thirty's next couple days a proper little heat wave in fact 44 seems likely that further north and east to west of australia in fact there's a contrast between this part and the southeast corner a day and night of about 50 degrees celsius proper springtime variation we've had rain in new south wales is no more significant rain to come the next couple of days for the system is moving across the tasman sea and from the south on that cloud will bring a little bit but not a lot of right now i think that is largely joining friday the wind direction a northerly means it's quite worn oakland 23 degrees cools down a little bit to get to saturday 90 with the increasing cloud and rain creeping up through the south island directly north and story here i

the santa clara winterfest is going out of antarctic turned on the lights they've t everything geared up for the holidays now kron four's will tran out thereor us this morning, rob. on skates. >>and to get another sweater from the guest story it is. >>john sure able. whatever you're seeg how cold it is kicking up a few notches it is bone chilling. look at that this morning i got my gloves, you got the charaers behind me they look like they're dancing instead, they're trying to stay warm, kidding getting they are getting ready for winter fest which begins tonight at 5 o'clock and goes all the way into december 31th. let me show you some video f whatou can expect that about 8 million will turn great american santa clara into a winter woerla they wilhave i skating rink they will have all all the performances you don't believe witgrt america to talkcheck about what people can expect so this is a big deal for you have to transition from october fest 2 winter fest what if a lot of peoplwill be skipping the malls. why should they come here. >>well, this is the best event in the bay area for

they have identified about nine of them from the ice sheet in the arctic down to the antarctic to the perma frost in russia to areas in north america. they have also highlighted how none of these areas, when they reach the tipping point does that happen in isolation. they have to deal with the direct effect of that and nothing else. there are constant changes that are happening. the areas are reaching those tipping points or, in fact, going beyond them. the atlantic current. it's the current that takes heat from the south to the north. that's slowing down. that has dramatic effects on the earth's overall climate. we're not talking about, you know, the crazy weather events we are seeing or the droughts we're hearing about. we are talking about something that researchers are warning we have not yet seen. that's how drastic they exfepec the situation to be if we don't do something now. >> thank you for breaking that down. we know you'll stay on the story. >>> still ahead, thousands of people are under mandatory evacuation orders and spending thanksgiving away from home after a series of

navigation, whether in terms of cybersecurity and internet governance, or whether in terms of the arctic and antarctic treaty systems which have been a point of great concern. india has certain specific concerns related to china's rise. i should say that in many ways what we are seeing has been advantages, not just to chinese citizens in the sense of being a driver of global economic growth, lifting tens of millions of people out of poverty, and indeed all of us in some ways have directly or indirectly benefited from china's rise over the last few years. but nevertheless, a country like india has certain specific concerns. one, there is a large boundary dispute between the two countries. it's not made the news very much because it's been a largely peaceful boundary in the sense that nobody has been -- there hasn't been a violent or lethal incident on the boundary for the last 40 years. but nonetheless, just to put in perspective, this is a boubdry dispute over territory the size of indiana, effectively china claims the entire state of india, home to two million people. we have seen run-s in -- run-ins