the question is what can they do to help the soviet union? the british are extended, the americans are not ready, the logistics to the soviet union are difficult. the one thing identified in washington and london is they think and sincerely believe if the japanese were to join the soviets in the attack, that might be the knockout blow so they decide what is the most important thing to do is keep china in the war, keep japan tied down. they receive important information from harry hopkins who had been on a mission for president roosevelt, was his principal advisor, a combination of national security adviser and chief of staff, he had an interview with stalin himself and in the interview stalin had said what are the most immediate things you need and stalin said i need antiaircraft guns and aluminum and he comes back with the message that you can't use aluminum on the battlefield. stalin says we will survive -- also the soviet foreign ministry tells hopkins they want the us to make a declaration. japan would into the war against the soviet unio

attributed to the soviet union. if you look at germany, as a battleground, between this different countries, it looks like, stalin gets reparations, churchill gets a zone of occupation, for france, and fdr, you remember fdr his main objective, united nations, and where in the pacific, this is not something it is very high on the american agenda. a big issue in poland. it's an interesting conference, i was talking about that, wartime conference, which was perceived as a peace conference, this is also the conference where they stand on poland, more they banned time combine in germany and japan. so that is how oriented they are towards this, and that's how poland is important for them, in particular for churchill. but also for fdr. and there are two sets of questions with poland. the first one is the borders. because poland, prewar poland, was really the country, in the only case in history, that was lifted up, and then move westward. the movement of the country, and they have to negotiate eastern borders, which are me

so they need allies, they need the soviet union there. is,dy knows what the bomb whether it would work or not, whether it would blow up half the united states, or it can be delivered somewhere. it is a big unknown and you need a lot of imagination to think that the atom that you cannot see, you can split it and create a major explosion. view, andat point of what becomes obvious by the summer of 1945, by the time of obvious at all in february of 1945. you could be laughed at if you would suggest something like that to the average person in 1945. that is the thing you can see, but it could blow up half the world. so these are the main points on fdr's agenda. another soviet -- or photo from the soviet archives, here you can see winston churchill. he is not happy. he is not happy for a number of reasons. and my colleague, professor bishop, will probably be talking about his happiness and unhappiness. but one of the reasons why he is he realizes for the first time that britain becomes a third rate power. literally third rate. so at the top wou

union and ultimately the soviet union for a lot of reasons cracked apart and the us became sort of the ruler of the roost again and i think the u.s. intends to overthrow the government in china and they hope that in the post putin era russia will come apart and that would be the way they're unipolarity would be reassembled and i think that's the real plan here ok well i think it's an interesting plan but i think it's really really far fetched ok if you look at the the end band i mean it's a far fetched you know but i think that i thinking you know because we're all the stuff we've seen in the last 2 decades i think you're right ok unfortunately i think you're absolutely right and that's what makes it really insane look at you know that we go to james here i mean 40 years of relative success in china i mean hundreds of millions of people being pulled out of poverty russia's turnaround in the last 20 years is quite remarkable people that come and visit notice it is well i mean thinking that they can undermine these. legitimate governments through their shenanigans they haven't been very

soviet union falls. but -- so we remain pretty constant throughout the cold war and then once the cold war is ultimately over we start to shift to dismantlement. so pantex still has a vital function. furthermore, today, we're focused on life extension programs, so that we ensure that we have a safe, reliable stockpile for the future, for the united states to be a credible nuclear deterrent. >> when we started building nuclear weapons back in the 1950s we did not have a highway system. there was not a highway system in this country so almost everyone and everything traveled more by train -- by rail than by highway. in the meantime to move the goods, these rail cars were especially designed by national laboratories for carrying nuclear weapons safely. announcer: you can watch this and other programs on the history of communities across the country at c-span.org/citiestouyr. this is american history tv, only on c-span 3. announcer: next, university of notre dame professor darren dochuk talks about the oil i

union had been presented as a stout ally and then the soviet union has seen wars fought on its territory twice in 30 years, that giving them a set of buffer states is understandable and legitimate and therefore it wasn't perceived as a sellout by the average american at that point. >> sorry, dr. bischof. >> yeah, i mean, we've heard lots about how the information trickled out slowly. so the american perception is in some quarters, particularly among republicans it was beginning to change as it was known what kind of agreements were made secretly. because i think the tradition of open democracy even though you expect that in the democratic parties since fdr took that over from wilson, that was sort of a stark reminder and i think that is where the percentage agreement comes in too. that was traditional old-fashioned european diplomacy, to present the agreement the way americans and wilson-yan didn't want to see it. but the american public didn't know a lot about what happened at yalta. that only came out in little spurts as i said. all the way down to 1946 and even 1955. so it took a long

the soviet union was destroyed very badly. roosevelt and churchill could see as they traveled to delta through crimea. in order to reconstruct the soviet union german reparations were needed. but there was a lesson to be learned from world war i that if you insist on reparations it might create bad politics. as it did in germany. that was one of the big issues the nazis very early picked up. but i think dr. plokii, correct me if i am wrong, stalin got his 10 millions. even though it was not granted yet at he got it through various yalta, eventually he got it through various means. first removal of industries from east germany, the same thing he didn't mentor area. when they realized that was not such a good deal they often did not know how to put these industries back together. in the soviet union. are they became rusty and polished rail yards it is being said as well. then they decided to take reparations out of current production in germany. and that is how the soviets got their $10 billion. they took reparations from austri

united nations and participation of the soviet union in it. the soviet participation in the pacific war. it turned out it wasn't necessary. truman then was trying to stop that. at that point from the perspective of february 1945, that was a big success. stalin knew he would get away doing whatever he wanted in poland but there was also a formal agreement to support a democratic process so there was a hope for churchill and fdr. france was not only given occupation of germany but also sit on the security council so there were some modest reasons for churchill to be happy as well. and stalin, basically, got to keep his booty in eastern europe, the red army would take over, would be his to decide. so there was this euphoria to a degree. there was one exception when it comes to the americans who were not participants in the conference per se but there on the margins. the group of americans were the american airmen and also the ground specialists of the u.s. air force that was stationed in 1944 and 1945 at the three american air bases in today's uk

the eastern border with the soviet union is decided and basically the soviet union would get it's way with poland. and with poland not a big issue was the debates there. so poland was a major specichur, and stalin did not even predict how important the document would be and he proposed to sign a declaration on the liberated europe. which in the cold war was the one way that was clear that the soviets didn't do what they promised to do, but that was a declaration, that was nothing specific. it became a major factor in the cold war, but they spent maybe 15 minutes on that. but it would become an important issue. so loss to churchill, win to stalin. the pacific. one of the key reasons why fdr risks his life to go to yalta to get commitment from stalin to participate in the pacific war. and he knew already from his ambassador in moscow that what he wanted in return. he wanted japanese territories. he wanted the southern part, and he wanted the ports. the soviets have influence there because stalin wanted control over their railroad that was leading to those ports. that is on this map what

stalin didn't want to leave the soviet union. when we talk about summits, this is a recent phenomenon in international diplomacy. winston churchill as he coined many important concepts of 20th century political history also turned -- coined the term summitry. when there was a chase on and who would first clear the summit of mount everest. that sort of fired up the imagination of contemporary people. from that he sort of took term summitry. the cambridge historian david reynolds has written an excellent book on 20th-century summits and the first big one was actually the munich conference in 1938. that is before tehran and yalta what we are going to talk about today. the way professor reynolds put it, it was made possible by air travel, made necessary by weapons of mass destruction and made into household news by the mass media. he cities all three elements as crucial in modern summitry. but let me get into the very complete outline by dr. stoler and march you through it. his theme is sort of various summit conferences before the y

the soviet union was struggling very badly. roosevelt and churchill could see that as they traveled. and in order to reconstruct the soviet union, german reparations were to be needed. but there was a lesson to be learned from world war i that if you insist on german reparations it might create bad politics. as it did in germany. that was one of the big issues that the nazis very early picked up. but i think he correctly remarked, stalin got his $10 million. even if it was not through yalta, he got it through various means. when they realized that was not such a good deal since they often did not know how to put these industries back together. or they became rusty in polish rail yards, it's being said, too. then they decided to take reparations out of current production in germany. and that is how the soviets got their $10 billion. and i might just remind you, they took reparations from austria, too. that is where i found out a remarkable thing. the soviets took as much reparations out of their zone in austria as the u.s. poure

eisenhower was not a bloodthirsty maniac but eisenhower thought any war with the soviet union would go nuclear. it was inevitable and therefore realized what had to be done was to deter a war from happening in the first place and the way to do that was to tell the soviets in no uncertain terms that we will destroy your entire country if you do this and that would deter things. then something happened to nearly 60s, the soviets developed their own nuclear arsenal. that weapons that could strike us. this became a policy of suicide. of the soviets invaded western europe or grabbed west berlin and we responded by blowing up the soviet union they could blow up us and that is when it was decided we should have some conventional weapons so we don't have to go nuclear right away but also thought about limited nuclear war. maybe if a war starts maybe we can just launch some weapons at their military forces and tell them if you strike back against us we will take the weapons we have left and hit your cities. the people who came up with the idea had serious doubts whether this was plausible. they

the soviet union was struggling very badly. roosevelt and churchill could and to reconstruct the soviet union german reparations were to be needed. but there was a lesson to be learned from world war i that if you insist on reparations it might create bad politics. that was one of the big issues s very early picked up. ii, correct dr. plok stalin got hisg, millions. even if it was not through yalta , he got it through various means. when they realized that was not such a good deal they often did not know how to put these industries back together. then they decided to take reparations out of current production in germany. and that is how the soviets got $10 billion. they took reparations from austria, too. found out ae i remarkable thing. the soviets took as much reparations out of their ports in austria as the u.s. poured into their port in austria. that would almost make you think the u.s. paid the reparations -- [laughter] >> there's no such thing as a coincidence. that bischof: i thought was pretty remarkable. they took repa

here in the war in the soviet union like the post communists. they set them up with governments. that even threatened to happen in austria because after vienna was liberated in april, mid april of 1945 -- provisional government was established in austria and all socialist leader who had already been the head of state after world war one was brought back into power. there was one third socialist and one third communist representation on the provisional government. stalin and roosevelt did not like that a bit because there was supposed to be a joint government established by all three powers. from the west it looked like the same thing what happened in vienna that was happening in budapest and elsewhere in eastern europe that the soviets were trying to set up the communists for ruling in post war austria as well. interesting the enough, we think of churchill's iron curtain metaphor as being appointed in the speech of march of 1946 held in truman's home state of missouri in a small college. the first time spoke to the world about the iron curtain h

in the soviet union churchill flew there. he flew 107,000 miles during the war to get to these meetings. these miles were flown in unpressurized, unheated bombers. if you think about the many meetings and churchill attending them, going to moscow in the fall of '44. will talk about it a bit. an important decision was made about how the balkans would be divide up. the so-called percentage agreement. then yalta, we will talk about that and the meetings continued later on. there was a san francisco meeting where the united nations was founded. there was also a big meeting in germany right at the end of the war where important decisions were made about post-war germ y germany, including reparations decisions. you see it's a very long list of meetings that we're talking about. in all of these meetings, important decisions were made about the post-war order. for example, when they -- when they got to moscow in october of 1943, the foreign ministers, they talked about whether the soviet union would come into the war in the far east.

union. - [yael] this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - [announcer] just $25 provides one needy elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america who want to bless them. call now. please call the number on your screen. - in ukraine, there's no support network. they don't have food cards or neighbors that come in to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. the bible teaches blessed is he whose help is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - [announcer] these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute, elderly jews in the former soviet union. just $25 provides one elderly holocaust survivor with a special emergency food package. call right now. please call the number on y

union. - [yael] this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - [announcer] just $35 provides one needy elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america who want to bless them. call now. please call the number on your screen - in ukraine, there's no support network. they don't have food cards or neighbors that come in to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. the bible teaches blessed is he whose help is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - [announcer] these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute, elderly jews in the former soviet union. just $35 provides one elderly holocaust survivor with a special emergency food package. call right now. please call the number on yo

by the time that happens gorbachev is the head of theof soviet union and they meet for the first time in 1985 in geneva so they decided to take a walk that is just the two of them and their translators. and at one point reagan says if the united states were attacked by aliens of the united states would russia come to our defense the gorbachev says absolutely and reagan says i feel the same way about you then they come back to the conference room george schultz secretary of the state not privy to this conversation with later in his book now all of a sudden the tomosphere was completely different they were smiling and joking like old friends and thatat started the pivot to what became the end of the cold war and then a couple years later he gave a speech to the un general assembly and then :-colon powell which was that if we are attacked by aliens from outer space the conflicts would seem trivial by comparison. this is kind of nutty but there's something to it. that they are talking about catastrophic things and weapons of masst. destruction maybe this is the way to do it. so while reag

union. - [yael] this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - [announcer] just $35 provides one needy elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america who want to bless them. call now. please call the number on your screen - in ukraine, there's no support network. they don't have food cards or neighbors that come in to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. the bible teaches blessed is he whose help is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - [announcer] these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute, elderly jews in the former soviet union. just $35 provides one elderly holocaust survivor with a special emergency food package. call right now. please call the number on yo

like many black americans, henry winston looked east for allies towards the soviet union and china. but he found greater opportunity, mobility and freedom within the world of 20th century communism complicates our historical discourse in american civil rights and economic justice. years after the collapse of the soviet union and eastern union they asked who lost the cold war, his answer african-americans, the civil rights leaders like henry winston as well as organizations the communist led created a political vacuum filled the personalities and organizations to liberal anti-communism. more willing to constrain the political discourse faithfully within the bounds of liberal capitalism. which clearly has not worked o out, the assault on black lives those not only continued unabated, it has accelerated. perhaps african-american history month we would do well to remember black communist like in re winston who merged the strike-all for african-american equality, black liberation and socialism domestically and internationally. i will end with a quote, in 1968 henry winston said the strik

as no one needs to be reminded, the soviet union resolved over two decades ago. at first there was thereafter a very substantial opening of access to records, but over the years there has been in the russian federation something of a reversal. ironically precisely in the years in which in other countries there has been an increasing willingness to open records up. certainly there has been more access both to russian scholars and to those from other countries than was true in the former soviet union, but the reality remains that the access has been for some years and is currently behind that of all other major world war ii allies. and our point in the next portion of this talk, the current restrictive policy is extremely likely to keep even those who insist on locking up parts of the record from ever being able to benefit from reading it themselves. the issue of access is very closely related to the issue of preservation. in world war ii, all religions deliberately utilized poor paper in order to use their resources for more important things. the paper is in the p

russia and the soviet union was a great nation and a superpower. he could forward to a great future. but then everything collapsed. putin's he wrote a dissertation and he talks about how to make russia great again. that they would use - - consolidate them under state control and they would go up and be rich again. and russia did become rich get when oil prices started going up. then it all collapsed after that. it went on another spending spree. military, social services, so now that the price of oil is down and i don't think it ever goes out to those levels again, it's kind of broke. this would be a good time to force a deal with the russians. as reagan did at the collapse of the soviet union. sadly because of american domestic politics. i would prologue that into the lap of the democrats and the obama administration and the intelligence community. they have an effect pushed russia into the arms of china. which to me is one of the greatest geopolitical threats. the chinese and the russians getting together again like they did in the 1950s and 60s

union. - [yael] this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - [announcer] just $25 provides one needy elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america who want to bless them. call now. please call the number on your screen. - in ukraine, there's no support network. they don't have food cards or neighbors that come in to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. the bible teaches blessed is he whose help is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - [announcer] these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute, elderly jews in the former soviet union. just $25 provides one elderly holocaust survivor with a special emergency food package. call right now. please call the number on y

in the first weeks of the german invasion of the soviet union. this is occasionally as evidence for a first step, that would be followed by radicalization, subsequently. what is missing here is any reference to the reality of the early fighting on the eastern front. the german assault surprised the red army that stalin had held back as he disregarded all warnings from his own intelligence service and from the british and american governments. the german forces, under these circumstances, advance very rapidly. and the german army's chief of staff, general holda, was sure on july 3rd, 1941, that the campaign had succeeded. and that the rapid advance of german forces showed that a quick victory was certain. this matter is a practical matter. that a murder commander had to follow an advancing german military unit through some of the most densely jewish settled part of europe at the rate of about 30 miles a day. they were simply not in a position to do anything else. the members of the unit would shoot the local men and come back when the front slowed

overestimated the strength of the soviet union. do we have the self-confidence to think the united states and its allies have a way forward for success in the 21st century. i commend this to you we have republicans, democrats and independents and we will hear from four people. my colleague rahm emanuel will interview mike, an adviser to president trump. she's really smart and he's at the hudson institute and was a pleasure to spend three days with him earlier this year. the second interview i will interview my close friend and former boss, condoleezza rice, about these issues. the third interview i'm going to interview kathleen hicks who is one of i think the smartest young strategists we have in the united states on the positioning of the american military in on the ability to respond to these threats. she sets the sis and forth, interviewing a force of nature ambassador for campbell for president obama with the assistant secretary of state for east asia, architect of the strategic pivot that the united states must make to the ind

union. - [yael] this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - [announcer] just $25 provides one needy elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america who want to bless them. call now. please call the number on your screen. - in ukraine, there's no support network. they don't have food cards or neighbors that come in to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. the bible teaches blessed is he whose help is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - [announcer] these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute, elderly jews in the former soviet union. just $25 provides one elderly holocaust survivor with a special emergency food package. call right now. please call the number on y

it's not like he was a bloodthirsty maniac but eisenhower thought any war with the soviet union would go nuclear and therefore to realize to deter a war from happening in the first place and then to tell the soviets in no uncertain terms would you do this for the entire country. and something happened in the early sixties with their own nuclear arsenal. so this became a policy of suicide and to grab west berlin and responded by blowing up the soviet union they could blow up us. so that's when certain strategists so we don't have to go nuclear right away so maybe we could just want weapon at military forces and say if you strike back because they had serious doubts if this was possible they had to bet on it and then go sky high at the outset. president kennedy comes in to office and then to be involved in the crisis in berlin but by the end of the year most of you realize west berlin has been 100 miles inside germany. there is no way that the russians decided to occupy. so the plan again was to unleash everything. and then to discuss this. and so they came up with the russians coming i

maybe this was his rewarded now that our wartime ally the soviet union had become enemy. winston a political prisoner and whose situation is emerged the american racism against the negro people and its viciousness against communist and embodied an alliance and informal collaboration span in decades, collaboration many in washington were determined to destroy. like his friends and fellow black communist paul, benjamin davis junior, claudia jones, winston brought the struggle for african american equality black liberation and socialism together domestically and internationally. for this, he had to be punished winston was both black and red apparently legitimized tortures. though blind morale was high as comrades intensified efforts to gain his freedom. in spring 1960 benjamin davis, jr. put winston treatment in political context. he said special attention must be given for the fight of freedom of henry winston to davis racist cruelty wasn't just directed at winston, part of a larger assault against an entire people like deangelis davis case. shortly thereafter william l. pa

the castros, former soviet union, ussr. oh, daniel or teg a. venezuela. even democrats. we can't defend murdering dictatorships but the difference is between born and he biden, they are few and far between. they both support the green new deal and open borders. they both support free healthcare for illegal immigrants, they openly vow to raise your tacks and take away your second-amendment rights. then vice president biden, he showered bernie sanders with praise. i just wish he didn't call himself a socialist, everything else is great. he endorsed bernie. here's the video. >> based on what he's saying, people wouldn't be calling him a democratic socialist. that's how he characterizes himself, democratic socialist parties in europe. >> but why is she having trouble? >> l i think that bernie is speaking to a yearning that is deep and real and he has credibility on it. >> oh. deep and real yearning. 243 days. ask yourself, are you better off than you were four years ago? was the a obama-biden track record. the iranian deal. participation rates since the 70's, think that was

union. - [yael] this is a crisis. these elderly holocaust survivors are struggling to survive. they're starving, have little money for food, electricity or medicine. - [announcer] just $25 provides one needy elderly holocaust survivor in the former soviet union with a special emergency food package that contains a note saying it's from christians and jews in america who want to bless them. call now. please call the number on your screen. - in ukraine, there's no support network. they don't have food cards or neighbors that come in to help. they're turning to us because they have nowhere else to turn. the bible teaches blessed is he whose help is in the god of jacob. he upholds the cause of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. - [announcer] these special passover food packages represent a gift of life for destitute, elderly jews in the former soviet union. just $25 provides one elderly holocaust survivor with a special emergency food package. call right now. please call the number on y

between the soviet union and the west, a conflict he had foreseen, while stalin was still a wartime ally, he found a new cause and focus. the wartime alliance with the united states must be revived. this time, against the threat of soviet tyranny. a new conflict loomed. a cold war with an expansionist communist bloc that crushed the human spirit. such an evil had to be resisted and after the expenditure of so much blood and treasure during the war, how could the world be sentenced to another dark night of tyranny? but the post of leader of the opposition in the british government was not normally a platform for world statesmanship. british policy was fashioned by the government, led by the prime minister. while clemmen atley was a good and honorable man and disliked the soviets and their brutal ways, he was not the man to lead a crusade. another general election was far in the future, but there seemed no time to lose. how could churchill regain his voice and reinvigorate the old alliance with the americans? the answer came in the unlikely form of a letter from the president of westminste

the soviet government, this is part of a broad propaganda effort by the soviet union. this wasn't about the soviet union trying to ease tensions with their american counterparts as bernie believed. this is how can we project a better image of the soviet union to the united states. jesse: so bernie got used by the communist as propaganda. >> absolutely. jesse: way to go, bernie. joe, thanks for your research and we appreciate it. >> thank you, jesse. jesse: up next, is bernie sanders getting robbed again? is biden going to make it? are people nervous about coronavirus? we went downtown to find out some of the answers. and, later, is a pedophile ring at large in hollywood. corey feldman is naming names and he will be here. ♪ there's a company that's talked to even more real people than me: jd power. 448,134 to be exact. they answered 410 questions in 8 categories about vehicle quality. and when they were done, chevy earned more j.d. power quality awards across cars, trucks and suvs than any other brand over the last four years. so on behalf of chevrolet, i want to say

with the collapse of the soviet union in 1901 the new russian state simply couldn't afford to support a program that cost the country billions of dollars bio weapons research and production were shut down ultimately into it turned out to be everest of effort and money complete 1st for. sake a power bar was one of thousands of russian scientists who suddenly found themselves without a paycheck obscured people who never established career you know in communication vis visit academically she was just so it was very difficult to present ourselves you know as scientists and nobody would hire us. to know accomplishments in the biological weapon p.c. which so it was a kind of thought trap so the crowd most of the thousands of scientists involved in the bio weapons program remained in russia and tried to adapt to the new society dr popof managed to immigrate currently a researcher in biotechnology at george mason university. with the just mantling of the soviet program it was hoped that biological weapons would become obsolete this was not the case for years it had been secretly stockpiling a

since hitler's invasion of the soviet union in 1941 the british and americans had been transporting heavy military equipment through iran to aid russians in their fight against the german reich i. i say 5 to one up to one raise a show abdicated and fled iran he left his son behind president mohammad reza stayed in iran raise a shot told him to remain there and take over last year. mohammed razor's father had prepared him for this moment from a young age his crown prince. he always had a special role among his siblings his father chose his son's playmates and sent him to an elite swiss boarding school to receive a western education. he also dictated who he would marry. the egyptian princess. a union that ultimately would end in divorce razor sharp wanted this arranged marriage between the 2 ruling families to strengthen the power of the past love the dentist in iraq. and he was of very very powerful charismatic figure who completely dominates the son's life. 300 kilometers southwest of the capital tehran lies the away says city of hama and the youngest of 6 children ruhollah khomeini was b

negotiation with the soviet union must never become appeasement. for the most of the last 40 years, we have been preoccupied with the global struggle -- the competition with the soviet union and the responsibility to our allies. but too often in recent times we have just drifted along with events, responding as if we thought of ourselves as a nation in decline. to our allies we seem to appear to be a nation unable to make decisions in its own interests, let alone in the common interest. since the second world war, we have spent large amounts of money and much of our time protecting and defending freedom all over the world. we must continue this, for if we do not accept the responsibilities of leadership, who will? and if no one will, how will we survive? the 1970's have taught us the foolhardiness of not having a long-range diplomatic strategy of our own. the world has become a place where, in order to survive, our country needs more than just allies -- it needs real friends. yet in recent times, we often seem not to have recognized who our friends