in both houses of congress. it was not hoisted by prohibitionists. it clearly had widespread support and as i said was seen by many people as a reform measure. it established near total prohibition. one week after the armistice, he signed the wartime prohibition act which made it illegal to sell alcoholic beverages in the domestic market. even though the fight hg stopped and the armistice signed, a peace treaty was not signed and technically the united states remained in a state of war until that peace treaty is signed. the kentucky distillery company could not market whiskey it was holding in the warehouses for two years and went to court arguing since they had ended, congress could no longer exercise war powers. under december 1919, a unanimous court upheld the law. as he explained although the tenth amendment normally conveyed the power to regulate alcohol in the states, congress had a legitimate interest in maintaining wartime mobilization even though the fighting had ended. just because the war -- excuse me

you have covered congress for so many years. and with the killer deadline so this will be all the people and to have that experience with the tea party what that was like so i thought they were bookends and it was an interesting contrast. >> so you tell a lot of stories so what stands out as the most remarkable story that you would want to share? >> a couple of things. and to watch all of you interact. and to find the national group of security women. so close and tight knit. the what was interesting to me. and with that legislative memory and just that she had run on that issue with that painful horrific experience with gun violence and so many personal stories and politics obviously the bill did not get any traction in congress and then to see the contrast of the moderate progressive and over the amendments to that. . . . beverly was an important bill that we spent several decades in legislation on gutting gun safety and it was a personal issue for lucy in particular as i saw in the book he told a story about the motion to rec

congress in american history. when the members of the first congress met in new york in 1789 the new nation was still fragile. torn by sectional differences. hobbled by competing currencies, crushed by debt and just stitched together only tentatively by the constitution. the constitution provided a set of principles but it offered few instructions about how the system should best operate. leaving it to congress and the president to create the machinery of government. had congress failed, united states as we know it may not exist. abraham lincoln led the nation but congress actually directed the civil war. this fine history written by an amazing storyteller offers a riveting history in the book argues that convincingly that congress in the end got it right. fergus bordewich is the author of seven nonfiction books, is also published and illustrated a children's book "peach blossom spring" and wrote the script for pbs documentary about thomas jefferson. is also edited and illustrated book of eyewitness accounts of th

one would think that congress is better educated than the men that served enough congress. why do we have lesser people now than we did then? >> we don't. it's been the caliber of people even from the other party. regardless of what my opinion might be about the koran things happening in washington, the caliber of individuals isn't low. you may think that you are unprincipled or be disgusted by the behavior on one issue or another. but some of them were really impressive. i'm emphasizing this. they are very similar. the kind of people who become congressmen are pretty similar as they were in the first congress. very similar men into the challenges of courts to any group and how they cope with the events of their own time. and there were plenty during the civil war era that were political cowards and 22 were susceptible in the south and so on. you find the same kind of temptations. >> sir, yes in the back. >> were the radicals and congress sympathetic to the idea that you had too go forward to keep the voters take the union or did they think that it was just not necessary? >

i'm incredibly proud of how we have worked together here in this congress. we have examined a lot of things in the committee and no matter how politically alike we are doing things in the constructive when and i look forward to working with you mr. cole in a bipartisan effort that was announced today and we will examine how congress can better adapt to the emergencies of the coronavirus pandemic pandemic. i know we both care deeply about this institution in one way or another congress is going to have to adapt to whatever the future may bring. the cdc said this fall could be worse than what we are going to right now. and we need to be prepared and that may mean working remotely. changes when we operate should be done whenever possible in a bipartisan collaborative way and i know we can get there together but i really believe that maintaining the status quo is not an option. let me turn to matter at hand. today we are considering the measure to stand up to house select committee of the coronavirus crisis. in the u.s. alone there've been 840,000 confirmed case

the democrats their contempt of congress yes the contempt of congress is the flouting of congressional subpoenas the obligation to testify and memory even at the time when the house was considering a contempt article they had donald again john bolton all these people say no that they don't want to testify or they wouldn't testify under oath all of his cabinet members pompei o wasn't going to know that i had to testify have all been. the ones that testify truthfully are the ones who lost their jobs the ones who flooded the congress mick mulvaney a member nick used to be the chief of staff and he said about the ukraine deal well of course you get to get over it we always do these things so we obviously would have undercut the president's killing that nothing was wrong done here you know i'm not going to testify i don't want to say anything about this now when you have national security assessments that are supposed to be available to the congress of the united states since they fund the trillion dollar plus national security budget no we don't want to tell you all the secret off the reco

congress can act now. andcan act now to provide ensure continued affordable coverage for employees who have lost their jobs by providing cobra subsidies, and i mean real meaningful cobra subsidies. they have done it before in 2008, 2009 during the financial crisis. during that time, cobra 65%.idies were about the remaining 35% was still too extensive for many families that had no source of income. so we are asking congress now, and congress can do it now, we have this in place, to provide subsidies to at least 90% to 100% for those employees who have lost their jobs. we now know that those ranks now are 22 million and growing. more tos can also do provide assistance for employers, who while they themselves are facing economic uncertainty, are continuing to provide health care coverage for their employees, including covering the full cost of health care coverage for the furloughed employees. we want congress to act now to help those employers continue to help their employees. congress needs to act now to pr

congress in american history. when the members of the first congress met in new york in 1789 the new nation was still fragile. torn by sectional differences. hobbled by competing currencies, crushed by debt and just stitched together only tentatively by the constitution. the constitution provided a set of principles but it offered few instructions about how the system should best operate. leaving it to congress and the president to create the machinery of government. had congress failed, united states as we know it may not exist. abraham lincoln led the nation but congress actually directed the civil war. this fine history written by an amazing storyteller offers a riveting history in the book argues that convincingly that congress in the end got it right. fergus bordewich is the author of seven nonfiction books, is also published and illustrated a children's book "peach blossom spring" and wrote the script for pbs documentary about thomas jefferson. is also edited and illustrated book of eyewitness accounts of th

congress had plenary power that could reach both inter-and intrastate congress. the states concurrent power did nothing more than supplement federal power. in essence, the court said that section two meant nothing. there is another case that came down between attacks on the volstead act and the 18thamendment. in june 1920, the high court unanimously supported efforts by opponents of both women's suffrage and prohibition, to allow a voter referendum to override the ratification of amendment by the state legislators. in other words, even if a state legislator had ratified the suffrage or prohibition amendments, a voter referendum could nullify it. justice ney spoke for the unanimous court and holding that a state could not deviate from the ratification method prescribed by the constitution. going back, in the summer of 1916, congress as part of its preparedness legislation, that authorized the president to take over the railroads in wartime. but wilson did not act as we have seen until he consulted with brandeis in late december 1917. after that meeting, wilson had

congress needs to do it. even his proclamation he's still pushing the 13th amendment, have congress, the lawmakers decide it. well congress after lincoln's death continues to try to the dictate reconstruction policy. they think that's their role is to decide how the nation is supposed to be reconstructed. they start passing various pieces of legislation. one of the first ones is the freedmen's bureau bill. the extension of the freedmen's bureau. the idea was to create an agency that was going to help african-americans adjust to freedom, to freedom, provide money for schools, provide people who can negotiate between former slaves and former slave owners, for them to work together. and economically get jobs, help resettle them on millions of acres of land. and johnson vetoes it. this came as a shock to many of the republicans. the author of the freedmen's bureau bill was a moderate. definition of a moderate re. he specifically had written the bill trying to keep it as conservative as possible, to bring on more

, whether it was the continental congress or the confederation congress. they were well-respected. they were very knowledgeable. they had a great respect for civic virtue. they understood the principles of government. many of them were trained as lawyers. they were very familiar with english history and political philosophy, many of them were veterans of the revolution, and they were all reasonably affluent enough to be able to spend several months in philadelphia talking over these changes. and as i mentioned, most of them were not totally opposed to the idea of making major changes to the articles of confederation when they walked in, in the first place. so george washington is going to be elected to serve as the president of the convention, and that has a great deal to do with his standing in society. he's already a legend in his own time. everyone respected his opinion. they respected his presence. and they trusted his ability to put down the disagreements when they would inevitably arise. so just the fact that he was there gave a gravitas to this meet

and to do so, congress needs to act. i did not think it would take this long to continue to put more money in for small business. a program that in 14 short days was able to get out the equivalent of what the small business association -- administration was able to do in 14 years. but it's a critical time and that's why we have to work together. for every american that sacrifices, thank you. for the companies and the small businesses, more than 1.6 million were able to get resources. to pay the workers even if they're not there, their rent and utilities. to keep your doors able to be open, even though that you cannot work right now. for those 700,000 applications that are sitting in, i'm sorry that congress could not act as we wanted to two weeks before. so we never would have had a shutdown. for those who got laid off last week because congress would not act, that's unbecoming. that is not the action. we are better than that as a congress. we asked for this money two weeks ago. it never should have stopped. we shouldn't

he had to switch to another ship called the congress. by noon the fighting is general, the noise of the cannon could be heard 30 miles to the south. the battle raged for six hours. it's real why to his credit that this little fleet was able to keep the british, this much bigger british fleet filled with experienced sailors and offers fighting for six hours. by the end of it, 80 men were killed or wounded. they used up three quarters of the ammunition. and the ships were in really bad shape. they retreated further into that channel next to it valker island. and the british were just assumed that in the morning they would be able to finish off this little american fleet. arnold had a plan. unfortunately, his route of escape was to the south, down to crown point and then the british ships were, as can you see towards the south end of that island, you had to figure out what to do. i'm just going to reach a little section from the book about this. this is that evening. >> they rode threw throuough th waters. arnold prepared for this moment. h

congress is moving quickly. this is an institution that has difficulty passing spending bill sometimes, and has for decades. so, to appropriate more than $2 trillion in a matter of weeks is a really big deal. yet i -- yet there are things they will need to fix with the stimulus packages, but the fact they are full steam ahead in working on this, something that i have not seen in a long time, certainly, if you go back to 9/11, and some other responses, and even then, we're talking about the effect this pandemic it has been having that they're trying to address. host: this is john from iowa. good morning. guest: good morning. host: go ahead, john. you are on was jason dick. guest: i have two questions. the first one is, if president trump isn't going to make a federal mandate on this order, you know, to stay indoors, why wouldn't andrew cuomo, who is the governor of new york city, make it something in that situation where he could make the hospital's a biohazard zone so people can reuse reusable ppe instead of usi

congress. gabby, as you noted a few weeks ago in usa today, you know something about the kind of fear and uncertainty we are facing today. your remark about response to the shooting in tucson, is a compelling example of how to face covid-19's challenges. tell us how you are doing and what you have learned on your journey? fmr. rep. giffords: thank you very much. thank you for inviting me here today. it has been a long, hard call but i am getting better. but i'm hard haul, getting better. has been a lot of therapy. speech therapy. physical therapy. but my spirit is as strong as effort -- as ever. i'm working hard to make the world a better place. and you can too. it involved with your community. be a leader by example. be passionate. be courageous. be our best. thank you very much. host: gabby can i ask you a few questions if you do not mind. generate marked the anniversary of the shooting in tucson. tell us what you have learned over the last nine years? fmr. rep. giffords: to be grateful for f

they petition congress, demanding congress do something about this. that is exactly what will happen. in january of 1778, congress will repudiate the convention of saratoga. and we'll say, no, we're not going to agree to this, everybody is going to stay until the parliament of great britain does two things. agrees that the united states is a sovereign nation, they're not going to do that, that's the whole point of the war, right. okay. so they're not going to do that. then the british crowd will reimburse the american congress for all of the expenses of the prisoners up to that point. and it was a vastly exaggerated amount of money that they demanded. so, of course, parliament will say, no, but parliament is going to stop sending supplies to these prisoners. if they're not going to be released, let the americans pay for them. problem, problem, congress does not have the power of the purse. cannot tax, has to ask states for requisitions. massachusetts had enough of these guys. they can't stay here anymore. so congress orders them to march, wintertime,

did congress worked through this pandemic and what did members of congress, non-or did they do very much about it? they were focused on the war. they pass an appropriation for public health and so forth and so on. that was about all they did. >> so today if somebody has the time to read your book which i know you would recommend they

it's why congress dispatched benjamin adams -- benjamin adams? it's why congress dispatched benjamin franklin to paris later that fall. but before we get to paris or london or any other european capital, before we travel with the declaration over the sea let's pause for a moment longer in the american colonies or should i say now the united states. congress proclaimed the official text of its declaration on monday, july 8th, 1776 issuing it as a printed poster known as a broadside prepared by john dunlap their official printer. broad size were the perfect size to paste up everywhere and their typeface was just large enough to be legible outdoors and to be easily read aloud in public settings. and so they were read aloud outside these broad sides, these dunlap declarations. first in philadelphia that same day, july 8th when colonel john nixon read the declaration, read the printed dunlap broadside from a wooden platform outside the state house. when nixon reached its conclusion the gathered crowd erupted, then members of the committee of inspectio

president, the reason congress the reason congress works so little, even in moments like this one, congress has chosen to prioritize its own convenience. the three and a half-day legislative workweek, blocking tough amendment votes, nuclear options, things like this, look, they are all reminders of the fact that we have to get back to work, especially if we're going to have a debate about when everyone else will be able to return to work. if it makes anyone feel better, remember the senate floor is often empty, just as it is at this very moment, making it perhaps the safest place in america. we can, in fact, structure our votes in such a way that we can distance ourselves. we've proven that in recent weeks. we can do it again. in closing, mr. president, we have to remember that challenges don't themselves build character. they reveal it. our character is revealed rather than built on challenging times. the character of our institution is on the line here. it's being exposed and revealed for all the world to see. covid-19 certainly has revealed to us the character of the chinese government a

talk us to about congress. caller: good morning. host: what should congress be doing? what more at this point? caller: we should -- the congress should be listening to the doctors and the scientists. they're the only people that know what they're doing right now. i have been locked in my house and i am 86 years old and i have been in my house for three months due a head cold and this this virus and i will not leave my house. my daughter takes care of me. we live on the same piece of property. i don't like what's going on to my country. i am leaving the republican party. i'm going to become an independent because it seems like oregon -- or oregon, excuse me, it seems like the democrats and the republicans cannot get along. and they have to get along before we'll progress. and sometimes i sit here and cry when i listen to you people on tv. it's horrible. and being locked in your home for three months -- because i want to be locked in my home for three months. i don't want to expose anybody in case i have this horrible thing, which i don't think i do, but it doesn't matte

the president said that he would adjourn congress so he could then use his appointment power when congress is not in session that would allow trump nominees who have not been confirmed by the senate to begin working at the job that donald trump has nominated them for. this latest flight of trump fantasy comes the day after donald trump once again committed an impeachable offense this time in public and repeated that impeachable offense again today. >> the u.s. government has put a hold on funding to the w.h.o. world health organization pending a review of the organization's coverup and mismanagement of the coronavirus outbreak. >> that is exactly what got donald trump impeached. for withholding funding for ukraine legally authorized and appropriatedpy congress. he withheld funding for ukraine to announce an investigation into joe biden and he's illegally withholding funding with the world health organization because the world health organization is not sufficiently accusatory against china. the world health organization has not heaped enough blame on china for the coronavirus. in a stateme

congress in t americn history. when the members of the first congress met in new york, in 1789, the new nation was still fragile. it was torn by sectional differences. hobbled by competing currencies and customer debt. in this ditch together only tentatively by the constitution. while the constitution provided a set of principles but it offered few instructions about how the system should invest work. limit to congress and the president, to create the machinery of government. had congress failed, united states as we know it may not exist. will abraham lincoln lead the nationon of congress actually directed the civil war. history written by an amazing storyteller offers a riveting history. and is this book argues that congress got it right. fergus, is the author of seven nonfiction books and he is published an illustrated a children's book. it and wrote the script for a pbs documentary about thomas jefferson. he softened edited 1989 men and the mask her. lisa frequent book reviewer for the wall street journal and ot

i think that's the original purpose of congress is the madisonian purpose of congress i also think it's absolutely essential and the american national legislature is decidedly not a european parliament. it's intended to force people with differences to come to some agreement. congress has become very very bad at this. because implicitly at least both parties now want it to function like european parliament so that when they have majority they want to say, now we've got it we should do everything we want to do and get whatever we can push through, the trouble is you lose it and the other party takes away everything you did and tries to do everything and we lived now since the 1990s through a period where we haven't really had a stable majority party in congress which in itself is pretty unusual both parties always think next time will win everything. don't compromise now, just wait until our people get in and we will be able to do everything we want. it never works that way. congress basically always just sits around waiting for the next election one will really be able to finally do our

to do that, congress must act. and we will continue to act, even if some in this body want to play politics. even if we get something held up, we will stay at the table until we bring people together. we want to put people before politics. our entire effort will be bipartisan. after all, public health and a strong economy are not a democrat or republican issue. unfortunately, madam speaker, we watched the other side within our own speaker of the house interject politics where it did not belong. and to an oversight body of our necessary relief funds. i want everybody to understand what the cares act did. the cares act that got held up for more than a week. yes, at the end of the day, it changed from that one sunday , some got more money. but it didn't change for the who -- for what the work was going to be done for the people who needed it. yes, some people, unfortunately, got laid off because it was delayed. it wasn't a bright moment for this body that week. but inside that cares act, not only did we provide resour

the first is that an amendment to the constitution passes the congress, both houses of the congress have to vote by two-thirds, two-thirds vote in order for the proposed management to go forward. and from there it goes forward to the states and then you see it says two-thirds of the several states shall be required to approve of the proposed amendment, all right. now there is another way to amend the constitution that has never been done and that is to have another constitutional convention. if you read the language of article five it describes what it would require to actually have another constitutional convention. now, of course, one advantage of a constitutional convention is you get a lot of work done and do it more effectively in terms of changing the constitution. of course the great danger of a constitutional convention is once you get those folks together, well you remember what happened in the summer of 1787 when they were supposed to amend the articles, they came up with a different document. so if you brought a lot of people -- the states together, they're delegates to have a

president, the reason congress the reason congress works so little, even in moments like this one, congress has chosen to prioritize its own convenience. the three and a half-day legislative workweek, blocking tough amendment votes, nuclear options, things like this, look, they are all reminders of the fact that we have to get back to work, especially if we're going to have a debate about when everyone else will be able to return to work. if it makes anyone feel better, remember the senate floor is often empty, just as it is at this very moment, making it perhaps the safest place in america. we can, in fact, structure our votes in such a way that we can distance ourselves. we've proven that in recent weeks. we can do it again. in closing, mr. president, we have to remember that challenges don't themselves build character. they reveal it. our character is revealed rather than built on challenging times. the character of our institution is on the line here. it's being exposed and revealed for all the world to see. covid-19 certainly has revealed to us the character of the chinese government a

but in this casee power to adjo congress. the president could order congress to close. it never has been done. here's the president. >> if the house will not agree to that adjournment, i will exercise my constitutional authority to adjourn both chambers of congress. the current practice of leaving town while conducting phoney proforma sessions is a

but congress has the power to declare war. even legislation, congress passes it but the president signs the bill into law. if he vetoes the bill, congress can override his veto. you can see the founders were really thoughtful about how to try to create these balancing powers. which brings me to the final point tonight. that is the impeachment power because it is one of the checks and balances we have in the constitution. and it is the one that is getting a little attention these days. i thought i would make sure your knew from a perspective of where it is in the constitution, your way around the power of impeachment. article one, section two, clause five. you can look it up. the house of representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment. the house has the power to charge, to bring indictments against the president. the power of impeachment. article one section three, clauses six and seven. the senate shall have the power to try all impeachments. when sitting for that purpose, they shall be in oath or affirmation. starta

but congress is not. delivery drivers continue to work every day, but congress is not. you've got those store clerks, you've got every element going to keep this country work in. i believe congress is essential. send a letter ton the speaker two weeks now. i understand you are looking at states getting opened up, but no state opens up completely. at a conference call yesterday with the california delegation, from senator feinstein, speaker pelosi, gavin newsom, california is a diverse state. we are large. we are 40 million people. we are 12% of the nation. america is not exactly the same. if i look at the data, it was probably a week old. unfortunately, the deaths that occurred from this virus that we never wanted to have happen, 55% last week was from new york and new jersey. how can we do this on a safe manner to make sure we have the tracing, that we know when we begin to open up that we've got to crawl before we walk, and walk before we run? in the meantime, we have to be prepared if a hotspot comes back up. we have to be prepared to tackle that, get on top of it, a

they could command his army, but not command congress. he was a subject of congress. and congress was answerable to the states. so he had no power over that. he continually tries to arrange informal exchanges with the british, to no avail. they continue trying and trying and trying, they just can never because terms, largely the states are discarding the prisoners not giving them back to washington. no, they are our prisoners now. we will hold them in exchange for our guys. washington has to confess he feels deeply embarrassed on the issue of prisoners. that so prisoners -- so prisoners on both sides are going to languish in captivity until the treaty of paris. this is an image done of american prisoners on the famous jersey prison ship. showing the sunken faces of these men. we don't have any images for the british prisoners, but british pension applications, the survivors who made it through the captivity and made it home to apply for a pension, they read like a laundry list of misery, suffering and woe. just a few quotes from enlisted prisoners were in these camps

congress is deadlocked in terms of what to do. weight swiftly replenish the funds for justice program, or do we provide funding for other parities as well? theo we swiftly replenish funds for just this program? for: can companies use this things other than employee paychecks? guest: it was primarily drafted as an incentive to keep employees on the payroll. in exchange for the funds, the loan can be forgiven, if you promise to essentially retain all of your employees and maintain their salaries as well. this has proven enormous the popular. -- and nor mostly -- it has proven very popular. 1.6 million loans have been made and it was exhausted quickly once the program was stood up. it was not without glitches. the small business administration, which ran the program, experienced a lot of technical difficulties. there are a lot of issues in applying. it definitely did not-you cannot say went off without a hitch. the program has gotten blowback. for example, major restaurants, chains, have qualified for some of the loans. you have a lo

congre congress provided for quarantine. the sanitary control over all water supplies used for drinking or culinary purposes on interstate carriers is one of the activities of the public health service in connection with the prevention of the interstate spread of disease. the water comes from almost 3,000 sources. the cooperation of the state and city health authorities is given to the public health service. in taking supplies of drinking and culinary water on board vessels, connections are made direct to the supply pipe and the possibility of contamination of the water is reduced to a minimum. here we see a supply of drinking water being taken aboard a steamship at one of our ports. the same sanitary precautions are carried out when drinking water is take and board trains. inspections are made of this procedure. the passenger can therefore feel a sense of security when he quenches his thirst from the water cooler. or drinks water with his meals in the dining car. the fight against bubonic plague is a fight against the rat.

simultaneously with the drafting of the constitution, the congress the outgoing confederation congress passes a northwest ordinance that arranged for the creation of states in the american midwest. it created a path forward for the political structures that would overlie the west. and what we see also simultaneous with that is the creation of a political framework that centralized power in a federal government. a government that under the first president george washington would take these policies emphasizing peace but ultimately dispossession forward. he is sworn in april of '79 and the policy proposals he had laid out in 1783 in pursuit of peace but ultimately in pursuit of land became more not less urgent in the late 1700s and early 1800s. secondtary of war -- he's interestingly a boston bookseller and he decides he can read enough books to know what to do and he becomes secretary of washington both under the articles of confederation and under president washington. in july of '87 while washington is cloistered in the constitutional convention, knox is helping to shape a policy of t

it is going to require work on behalf of congress. it is going to require that everybody roll up their sleeves and work together on behalf of the american people as we work our way through this pandemic. thank you. with great belief in this great nation of ours, god bless you. god bless america. sacramentans, as we continue to face the covid-19 outbreak, i want to express my support for this crucial legislation. the last few weeks have been tough for sacramento. i've seen the strain on our families, workers, businesses, and health care workers. for me, this was a call to action. we have to step up and get support to all the people who cannot afford to wait. available 100s billion dollars to hospitals and health care workers on the front lines, to invest in personal and protective equipment, testing supplies, and other much-needed resources to help hospitals and health care workers. this bill provides direct payments to working americans of up to $1200 for those earning less than $75,000 a year and $2400 for families earning less than

>> lie to congress, lie to congress, fall supply tax records. 52 separate items. he was thinking ahead. >> ford was minority leader then. then. how did he feel about this grilling? >> ford later wrote a note saying to him, thanking him. he said you were tough but fair. great but fair. >> that's my editor. [laughter] >> because i'm so curious i keep going back to that personal relationship of lbj almost like they were best friends those evenings there were lots and lots. >> i don't think johnson watched gunsmoke. [laughter] politics was their socialization. and that's what they enjoy talking about they would go through and see which things they would suggest. >> and thinking each other for their support and johnson famously said that he was afrai afraid. >> did they ever clash or disagree? >> they did. is the opinion of the federal judge in the fifties. >> somebody appointed and then the tif was over. >> how did they get along with ford as president quex. >> he liked ford because he could have his way. [laughter] and ford was a decent man and represented a lot of w

but in the event that the congress shal fail for these forces, in the event that the national emergency is still critical,ly not evade the clear course of beauty that will then confront me. shall ask the congress for the one remains instrument broad executive pour, wer, as great ae power that would have been given to me if we were invaded by a foreign faux. >>> fdr's first term, men of many nations giving up. fdr brought relief and flood control. waterpower and giant public works. old age insurance became a new responsibility of government. the price of gold was fixed. the american dollar became the soundest in the world. watching national security. the fire side chat became an american institution. the president's talks were masterpieces of simplicity and directness. ladies and gentlemen, the president of the united states. >> my friends, the american public -- >> and with that now familiar salutation, he brought his message to the fire sides of the people. he talked to them in their homes about the vital issues of the day. he never gave up home against n inf infentile p infentile para

it wasn't mentioned in congress. the press debate about the 13th amendment said virtually nothing about the dangers involved in allowing servitude for those who were being convicted of a crime read so where did it come from western mark the language as was widely declared came from the northwest ordinance written by thomas jefferson and it had migrated there from jefferson's land ordinance of 1784 which wasn't an active would have barred slavery in all us territories at that time so where did jefferson, why does jefferson put it in their ? i called up a couple of my good friends who were jefferson scholars, peter who went to graduate school with me and alan taylor and i said why did jefferson put that in and they both gave the same answer read i haven't the slightest idea. and we don't actually know but the real point is it had become boilerplate language. the thing people have never mentioned is every northern state that barred slavery included that phrase. so it was familiar language that will not proviso banning s

in this, his last report to congress, is to be found the text of his life. in the last words of a man grown tired in public service, is a heritage for all men everywhere. ♪[music]♪ >> congress, the american people this conference as the beginning of a structure of peace. upon which we can begin to build, under god that better world in which our children and grandchildren, yours and mine, the children and grandchildren of the whole world must live and can live. >> this is american history tv. featuring events, interviews, archival films and visit to college classrooms museums and historic places. exploring our nation's past every weekend, on c-span3.

look at congress. it has the power to regulate interstate commerce, or to run a the office, war to suspend rights to -- the rights to allow people to challenge the constitution but it does not have a general power to summon policemilitary and run a state to have standing armies. all of those powers are denied to congress. only the president has enumerated powers. , don't these reasons worry, antifederalists that the government will become of one of the consolidated powers, says madison, we are a country of dual sovereignty. the federal government a sovereign within its sphere and the states are sovereign within their sphere. the ultimate sovereignty devolves not on the state or federal governments, but in we the people. that is the centralized idea of the constitution. who has a sovereign authority? we the people. it into the some of federal government, parsing it out to the judiciary and other other partsh and are delegated to state governors, but ultimately, the power devolves and thus, and is our we