many of them were seminoles and many were non-seminoles. announcer: still the same, wiwoka has always represented well. there always a lot of young men in this region that enlist in the military to uphold the freedoms of this country. what i want to talk about is a gentleman i had the opportunity to be able to take to washington as part of a delegation. his name was edmund andrew harjo . this is an image of edmund andrew harjo during world war two. when we went to washington in 2013 to the capital to receive a congressional code talkers medal, edmund went with us. we are so glad he was able to receive that congressional gold medal on behalf of the seminole nation and for his personal self a silver medal. today we immortalize men , andng for the first time a member of the 195th field artillery battalion. in 1944, he was walking through an orchard in southern france and heard one of his brothers under a tree, and recognize the dialect. later on, a captain heard them talking and put them to work on opposite ends of a radio. that coincidence br

seminole today. the seminoles originally -- most of these tribal groups and towns became known as seminole, existed in certain areas of alabama, georgia, and some more in the northern part of florida. by the time the colonialism began to expand in the southeast, many of these people groups began to move down into the northern area, what we consider portions of the panhandle florida, all the way down to about this area up lower. the original tribes of florida are these names that you see here. to quest a. these were the original tribes of florida. what we do know historically. they were decimated due to disease and slavery. due to disease, slavery, early on as europeans come to this part of the world. as they begin to settle in this area here as early as the 1700s, that will become associated with those particular tribal people groups. tallahassee, is probably where this name is, tallahassee is right along this area, if i have the estimation of the area -- tallahassee is my tribal town. we also have c

of the total seminoles held in slavery. so we know what happens after this. the white south says, okay, it's clear what we got to have. the right to keep expanding. it's a direct result of this expansion. the leadersst would be nations of the confederacy demanded the right to take the human property into yet more territory to be taken from yet more native people. they gambled everything on that vision of the future, a vision based on generations of migration and the defeat of the con fed arecy and end of slavery transformed the south from a unique settler society to a new society one without a blueprint or example to follow. they had aligned with a confederacy. the members of the five tribes were forced to relinquish rights to railroads. the territory took on the new name of oklahoma, red people in the language of the choctaw. think reserve for native peoples until a small portion of the land remained in their hands. white officials and reformers worked to dissolve tribal bonds and make american indians independent citizens

seminoles in florida. one generation after another, they demonstrated the flexibility and fluidity of american indian life, and the durability of self understanding with one another and their past. i can't make these kinds of maps for american indians because this is from the census and they did not count as people. they are justified by the territory and it is frustrating. they are, throughout all of this history, even after the removal to oklahoma. after the removal to oklahoma in the 1850's, after what you heard earlier, the horrific losses of people, once they arrive in indian territory, devastating contagious disease had killed up to one third of the native people who survived forced marches. each of the nations settled in the eastern part of the territory where the landscape resembled those from which they have been driven. the three largest nations claimed about 13,000 people each in 1860, wealthy the chickasaw had 4200. each of these owned large numbers of enslaved african americans. about 15% of t

. >> approximately 4000 seminole indians who live in florida today are descendents of a band of seminole who never surrendered to the u.s. between 1817 and 1858. over the course of those years, the majority of seminoles were forced to move west of the mississippi river to what is now oklahoma. next on "american artifacts," a visit to the seminole nation of museum in oklahoma, to learn the story of the western tribe. >> hello. my name is louis johnson and i am a seminole tribal

the cherokee, muscogee creek, the chickasaw, the choctaw and later the seminoles were added to the original four. they were all living in the carolinas, alabama, arkansas, georgia, that land and those tribes were removed. they had the most contact with europeans, with people on the eastern seaboard. >> in 1887, congress passed the allotment act. describe what the act entailed and the subsequent allotment era. >> so, the allotment act basically, it said you guys are in indian territory and you have all of this land and you are not using it. you are farming it in common and not efficient with it. and basically, the pressure to get whites into that little island of good land was such that the indians were forced to give that up. obstensibly, it was an assimilationist movement. we are going to survey the land, carve it up, give you a 40 acre homestead, 160 acres of surplus so that you can earn a living. you will have surplus in either ranching or farming to trade. that will give you cash, a sense of ownership. and that leaves 90 million acres for the oklahoma land rush. >> tell me about the che

okay, this is self-identified seminole people in 2000. you see not surprising both anchors in florida but also in oklahoma. the creek. self-identified choctaw people. now, this is -- i look forward to talking to people who know a lot more about this than i do. as you see i'm covering all 237 years of southern history for everybody who lived -- but what's not surprising is the anchors and choctaw in oklahoma, but the places where they were before removal. chickasaw you're seeing some of the same patterns. and so what you're seeing is that even though people are removed they're still there. how was it that this happens? okay, that it reminds us that the arrows from the little green boxes are missing part of the history of people who maintain a spiritual and physical connection with the land, who found ways to maintain their connection with these places in the south from which they were displace by slavery and white mobility. so what do we make of this? this is strange turn in southern history especially as people otherwise recognized as whi

the muskogee, the chickasaw choctaw and later the seminole were added to the original four. learn all living sort of in the carolinas, alabama, arkansas, georgia, that land and those tribes were removed and they were called the civilized tribes because they had the most contact with europeans, with people on the eastern seaboard. >> and so in 1887 congress passed the allotment act, also known as the dawes act. explain what the act entailed and the subsequent allotment era. >> so the allotment act said basically you guys are out there in indian territory. you have got all this land and you're not using it. you're farming it in common, you're not efficient with it and basically the pressure to get whites into that little island of good land was such that the indians were really forced to give that up as ostensibly it was an assimilationist movement. so we're going to survey the land, carve it up. give you a 40 acre homestead. 160 acres basically surplus so that you can earn a living. you'll have surplus in either ranching or farming to trade that'll give you cash. it will give

where monitoring this traffic alert along 680 through the seminole grade. it has been out there for quite some time. it is a tanker truck in this crash, injuries reported as well , a closure in that number three lanes of the right lane is shut down at the koopman offramp. no word as to when the lanes will re-open. reports have 25 gallons of diesel spilled on the right shoulder. it doesn't affect waterways but there is activity around that area. as far as delays, southbound doesn't look bad. we don't see a lot of cars on thadis roadwork on the northbound side of 680 through the seminole grade. another area where we have roadwork this morning is along the golden gate bridge. if you are headed northbound on the bridge and they are picking up the cones, so things should be clearing. itdn't cause a ton of delays on the southbound side of 11 through the waldo grade. we had a few brake lights because of a caltrans closure. a few areas with lanes blocked due to construction. northbound 880 with brake lights but nothing as to what we saw yesterday. not the case toda

choctaw's 2830, chickasaw's 1832, seminoles 1832, creek 1832. but the cherokees, no, they're still there. that's a later date up there. so, why did the cherokees go? and i'll tell you what i think finally drove the cherokees to depart. georgia is -- or rather, the supreme court justices are getting old by this time. marshall's last term is the 1835 term. the cherokees will hold out that long. but it isn't marshall's death i think that triggers this, it's william johnson's. william johnson dies in 1834. and that leaves a seat. jackson fills it with this guy, james wayne, who had been a georgia jurist and a vigorous proponent of indian removal. then the same day that wayne is sworn in, justice gabriel duvall resigns, which opens up another seat for a jackson appointment. so he's already got one, two, this is three, this will be four justices on a court of seven. duvall's resignation makes clear that there's no turning back. the majority of the supreme court are going to be jackson appointees pro removal. and we all know about the politics of supre

the florida seminoles were subject to this, the mississippi eastern cherokee in the mississippi choctaws, the roots of the tribe that is not leave. cass wrote a piece for publication called the examination of the cherokee question, we was was published in publications all of the country, which was that worcester was wrongly decided, and so things started to be appearing to turning to be, at least with tribes of the that weren't the cherokees. the cherokees had a court victory. they did not have to go anywhere. you can see the chickasaw's, choctaws 1830, chickasaw's 1832, seminoles 1832 and 1833, but the cherokees, no, they are still there. that is a later date up there. so why did the cherokees go? i will tell you what i think. climate drove the cherokees to the part. georgia is, or rather the supreme court justices are getting old by this time. marshall's last term is the 1835 term. the cherokees will hold out that long, but it is not marshall's death i think that triggers this, it is william johnson. william johnson dies in 1834, and that leaves a seat. jackson fills it with this guy,

monroe has not had a big, seminole biography. think -- seminole poverty. think there's an opening. the most overrated is hard. it mightn't quite -- be with the late, modern you have the 19th century, but we do not know them as well. there's a lot of isolation going on with some of these presidents. >> under or overrated? >> [laughter] [indiscernible] >> you know, he could've done more during that time. this is an era where there is so much happening. abolitionism. he does not really do it. theers are supposed to take lead. they are supposed to let other people know where they stand. i do not think you should be favored at all. johnson, we still get kennedy, the president, with all of the civil rights legislation. how he managed to get that -- people tend to forget the second most disaster, he imposed something called the embargo which was trying to prevent war and it pretty much blew up in his face and had to be repealed subsequently. shows what can i ask you about the embargo activation? -- >> can i ask you about the embargo activation? >> it affected, yes. , at theon, new england

this occurs over a number of years, and predominantly the five tribes -- the cherokee seminole andaw, against thaton are process and pretty much resist until 1898. the federal government, because the dawes commission was not successful in convincing the remaining tribes to go through that allotment, they passed a law called the curtis act. it pretty much says, guess what, you will do it now. there is a lawn place and you will do it. but it has other provisions in place that go with it and there are things built into it. to oklahoma asge a state. it sets a deadline for when the remaining tribes have to have gobal rolls completed and through the allotment process with members. it also has a process to dismantle the foundation of the tribal government, which you will see in the counsel house. at the creation of our constitution that we created in 1867, we created the offices of principal chief, second chief. a lot of people don't know it wasn't until 1868 that the muscogee people, creek nation, were united under one chief. with the passing of the curtis act, it set the stage for dismantl

years, and predominantly the five tribes -- the cherokee nation, choctaw nation, chickasaw nation, seminole nation, and the muscogee nation are against going along with that process, and they pretty much resist up until 1898. the federal government, because the dawes commission was not successful in convincing the remaining tribes to go through that process of allotment, the federal government passes a law in 1898 called the curtis act. it pretty much says, guess what, you are going to do it now. there is a law in place and you are going to do it. but it has other provisions in place that go with it and there are things built into it. it sort of sets the stage, as we are leading up to oklahoma statehood. it sets a deadline, a timeline, on when the remaining tribes will have to have their tribal rolls completed and go through so theytment process are tribal members. it also has other provisions that dismantled the very foundation of the tribal government that you will see in the council house. at the creation of our tribal constitution that we created in 1867, we created the offices of princ

so this is a seminole moment in chinese history although it's a wistful one as to what might have been. the second thing that's comes into play at this point is stupendous number of refugees. i use 45 million, 10% of the total population as being entered into refugee state, no one really knows for sure. the reasons for this are not had to discern. first japanese are taking food, whatever they want and that, of course, is going to stimulate refugees. the japans are in the habit not only executing military prisoners they take but at the end of the entire war japanese were asked to hand over all of the chinese prisoners of war they held and they present 56 individuals as their pow take over 8 years of war and also make it a practice of looking around at any male from teenagers on up who they they could have been or was a soldier and executing them as well the actual pow's and finally, there's tremendous level of such a violence that they march across china. all of this generation, incredible title wave of refugees flowing inland and away from the japanese, and this enormous title wave of

here's a live look at what it looks like well this shot from seminole we don't see much the way a ground fog going on for the inland locations. meanwhile, the golden gate bridge check and what a lot of blue skies don't see action fog one on and one lone bicyclists their practice and social distancing mary's all she is for whatever. here's what's going on with the winds future cast. we do have some kind of active on the east bay side a little bit there. and this will continue for the next couple hours and then it's going to flip over to the north bay side peninsula. this is all out of the northwest that's going to keep temperatures somewhat controlled were in the teens and 20's for the most part. that's going keep temperatures a little bit down from where they would be but venture into the middle 60's, it looks like to get those inland areas. all right, here's what it says on the satellite radar not much we're clear skies going to stay that way today tomorrow temperatures across the bay were in the lower 40's for right now at 10 proven to because up in the north bay. but in the upper 30's

i think this is one of the seminole events in president bush's presidency that really unified the country. zb zbll. >> yeah, actually a back story. prior to , if you remember, the president was hosting a strategy meeting at camp david shortly after. and we were departing going to camp david and i was accompanying the president on the trip and marine one were on the south ground and the press were on the south ground of the white house and not sure why, when the president came out of the oval office he kind of singled me over and i wasn't sure if he was calling me over, if there was someone behind me, i didn't want to turnaround because of all of the press, well, he had come over and he said, guess what, we're going to the world series, yankees stadium. i went, what? but that's how he was. he brought everyone -- he just calmed the whole situation down. you know, it was a stressful period and i was in shock, i mean, we're getting ready to go to camp david, but he just calmed everyone down, nick, nikki, we're going to yankees stadium the world series and i forgot the yankees were in the worl

here's a live shot coming in from seminole looks like the skies are opening up nicely from this perspective, the some leftover he's e fog off towards the distance so that the picturesque view. temperatures also behaving themselves to off to a mile start we are 53 santa rosa also matching that the late show with napa 49 any a little cooler there 51 tri valley livermore 53 for hayward and 55 checking in for san jose. now with today's daytime heating want to know just a little bit of an uptick on some of those breezy conditions a little bit on shore wind here as you can see for the late afternoon into the evening hours but the major picks up to the teens a little bit so just a bit of a breeze outside and that will subside for the overnight hours as far as any rain is concerned we actually see some way on the edge here but first high pressure builds this weekend and next week we're nice warming phase here most the clouds play keep away until. that's next saturday, not tomorrow but the following saturday. in that maybe late as we get into sunday morning at these things time out well so maybe we'

this shot coming in from seminole and we could see some of that fog starting to left as the sun joins us here. nice blue skies a lot going on there and how about the shot from the golden gate still some scattered clouds around and will be the case throughout the day today. as a reminder. so dealing with that fog years that the last minute next hours you can see that will take place in the next hour or so they area temperatures some may be kind of generous to start things off in chile before but 52 for santa rosa 55 napa 51 for can livermore 53. even a couple of hours before daylight we're still in the 50's territory. it's not a bad start toward a, although we won't get a lot of mercury movement because look at that the clouds kind of churning around threatening maybe a sprinkle up there on the hills but for the most part variable clouds will cover just about everybody than what we see happening overnight is that marine layer comes back again. but i think we'll see a little bit more sun for your saturday. then today so to improving forecast for the weekend. we've got variable clouds st

the seminole paper came out in 2012, 2018, 6 years later, the babies are born. we are in a world where science is moving at work speed so but i want to talk a little bit not just about the science but the super structure about the science. my talk about global institutions and i put out a piece last week on this, on my website, but why don't we have a super empowered agency, maybe it's part of the um, -- un, agency, some of the top smartest people in the world, these are the top deadliest that we are dealing with and one deadliest is pathogen. just a few years ago a team in alberta created a synthetic version of horse pox, probably a few thousand dollars. this science is democratizing, there are bad actors that have could have access to the technology and if you really wanted to be disruptive now is a good example where you can say, wow, this is a good strategy for doing it, so why don't we have a un agency that is empowered and resource. we say it's your job to identify the 6 or 7 most existential threats to the world and to humans and to develop a really smart

and so talk to us about that event, because this is one of the seminole events that brought together the country. >> yes, and if you can remember, he was holding a strategy meeting at camp david shortly thereafter and we were departing, and i was accompanying the president on the trip. and as the president was -- marine one was on the south grounds, and the press were on the south grounds of the white house, and not sure why, but the president when he came out of the oval office, instead of going directly to marine one, he kind of signaled me over. and i wasn't sure if he was calling me over or if there was someone behind me. and i didn't want to turn around because of all the press. well, he had come over and he said guess what, we're going to the world series, yankee stadium. and i went what? but that's how he was. he brought everyone -- he just calmed the whole situation down. you know, it was a stressful period. and i was in shock. i mean, we are getting ready to go to camp david and he calmed everybody down, "nicky, we are going to yankee stadium to the world series." and i forg

. >> -- to the breakthrough opening to china, a remarkable -- i mean, really, a seminole moment for american relations. and they add her to the trip, and a hairdresser, so at the request of choen li. so, pick up the story. she's at the state dinner. >> at the state banquet. >> at the state banquet. and there is a package of cigarettes sitting there. >> right. >> somebody tell the story. >> i don't know the story. >> i don't know that either. but i do remember -- >> oh, it's panda -- they were panda cigarettes. >> right. >> oh. >> and mrs. nixon -- >> mrs. nixon said, "i like that." >> said, we should have -- or we, you know, these are so wonderful, we should have? >> right. >> and he said, oh, cigarettes? and she said, no, pandas! and he said, i'll send you two! >> that definitely is something -- and i heard it -- a wonderful story. tonight i don't know if i could share that. you told me that the actual cartridge of cigarettes is an artifact that you will now have at the library, that the cartridge of, or the little pack of cigarettes actually was found. it's a metal packet. and i thought, i

yet again today, another one in seminole, in pinellas county in st. petersburg. it took the assistant county administrator, not the state, to release the information that there were 28 cases and those 28 patients had to be removed and get taken to three hospitals. in illinois, we have 22 who have died in joliet, in decatur illinois again, a sixth long-term care resident died. and here in florida where i am, we have seven who have died inside the willow wood nursing home. one of those victims, 77-year-old richard curran. richard curran's wife says she's heartbroken and she blames the state saying they did not establish rules early enough to protect her husband. >> i'm angry. i'm very, very angry. >> you want more? >> i want more information. i want more transparency, i want people to own up to their part in this, and i want him back! >> it's just heartbreaking to hear her. we know about mr. curran's death because florida saying that has to be something that will be private and we need to keep that to protect the privacy of the people who live there. calling for a

that's from page 553 of of course, ron chernow's seminole engrossing biography of hamilton. i have to say, chernow does the best job of going through of course hamilton's litter military is. and adams is incredulous. you have to keep in mind hamilton severed as a congressman from the state of new york already at that point before becoming treasury secretary. here's a letter to george washington from hamilton in which he is negotiating about how he will take this role on as major general. quote, if you command, washington, the place in which i, hamilton, should hope to be most useful is that of inspector general with a command in the lines. he wants that field command. and washington, trustily was done with doing field command at 66 years old. he wanted it to go to hamilton. this i would accept. it includes the rank and pay of a major general. the other generals who were going to serve in the war were incredulous. they were in shock as adam. i am going to be answ general bi have to serve under hamilton? again, a testament to how high hamilton had climbed and deservedly so in

who gives these sort of soaring speeches with a lot of oratorical flourish, and some of the sort of seminole speeches of the last ten years have been -- 15 years -- have been ones that he gave at these really critical moments, you know, whether it was the 2008 philadelphia speech about race, selma, charleston. these are speeches that he put a lot of thought into, right? as john says, he was saying the thing he wanted to say, that he was prepared to say. but i also think that our -- and i'm sure you guys felt this, because kyle was first term and a half and then i was second term -- we were sort of -- his presidency followed the growth of social media. and so, it was a whole other opportunity to, you know, communicate in a new way, and also to screw up in a new way, but also to reach audiences in different ways. and i think that he really followed mrs. obama's lead on this. i mean, the first lady was such -- so on the cutting edge of using social media to reach audiences, you know. she wanted to meet people where they were. and so, she was always, you know, getting to young people through wha

he's the shoreline to the south in the mid to upper 60's livermore at 67 with pleasanton seminole 66. well the creek at 6768 for concord to these again are areas to be watching later this week expect 80's coming your way is up as well as places like pittsburgh which are today 68 the nation's 65 with napa sonoma 6661 for the lazio so for santa rose will do about 66 and chilly lower to middle 50's for them are in coast. 70 forecast an improvement very quickly in the seven-day we zoom right to the 70's through the balance of the week and we're into the lower 80's by friday into saturday of next weekend for now it looks dry really for this week and into the following week, although. >>what check and see if somebody's system so maybe some sprinkles for the north bay we could use it. and kyra back just >>well for your health this morning is becoming a requirement to wear a mask when you go outside in public such as to the grocery store pharmacy. well that mask of course adds a layer of protection against covid-19. but what about your eyes are health expert karen along joins us with some tip