so hitler was dead but how would stalin handle this information. still for the soviet leadership in berlin it was clear that there was dead and stalin was informed immediately to not give stalin an accurate report on the subject was out of the question. hitler was a symbol of huge political importance like the taking of the right stuff and the conquest of berlin took. stalin hardly amounts from the kremlin but he had informers everywhere. every day new documents about hitler's death and the identification arrived. they were precise and definite after kate oyster man's testimony it was clear that hitler was dead and stalin knew it. however a few days later a soviet general arrived in bonn then to verify the facts. general started questioning people again and for the 1st time jelena as the interpreter was warned she would be held responsible in the case of a translation error but these also thought everyone was given strict instructions and put under a real pressure. the general sent the trio to find kate to hoist a man again she was told to pack a s

no, you keep it, said stalin. the man of steel could afford to appear magnanimous, if magnanimity meant being dictator to millions. he knew how precarious were britain's finances and how tenuous was its hold on its various dominions. therefore, he honored this squalid but necessary bargain, knowing that he could strike later, once the british government was no longer able to enforce the deal. and besides, the communist guerrillas of greece were in -- were more than capable of maintaining their campaign against the government without direct soviet help. guns and terror are cheap. long after his iron curtain speech, churchill would have much more to say to americans about the struggle with the soviets. he achieved his dream and returned to downing street as in an.inister in 1951 echo of churchill's only novel, in which he had written of a hero, who was of course a projection of himself, after the tom wolf had so excited -- after had subsided. the hearts of the people turned again to the illustrious exile who had won

joseph stalin. announcer: you're watching american history tv, 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. follow us on twitter@c-span history for information on our schedule and to keep up with the latest history news. >> i personally know of at least 50 to 60 people here in the area that do not have funds to stay in motels. now they have put the 5:00 curfew into effect and if you're caught out, it's $500 to $1,000 if they catch you. what are these people supposed to do? >> the superhumans that have had the virus, can they give their plasma and help someone else? >> i can't believe all the girlfriends and boyfriends out there maintain social or, un, not interact for weeks, months. i don't know what he would say. >> i'm going to tell you what i'm going to say. this is not an uncommon problem and in new york city with our tiny apartments and lots and lots of younger people, it's a huge issue. announcer: share your experiences dealing with the coronavirus pandemic and ask exp

stalin is always deferring to the president. the president was running the conference. the fact is that the president did not run the yalta conference. stalin and churchill did, and battled particularly over poland, but whether with so many millions of russian boots on the ground already in poland, ultimately, they would have made that much difference, particularly when the poles were very naturally unwilling to surrender territory. who knows? in some ways, it was a relief to end the book where i did. [laughter] >> and leave those questions to another biographer of a subsequent president. >> nigel, i have a question online, kent from missouri wants to know: how do you excuse fdr for not informing truman on the aa-bomb? or can you excuse him? >> i can't. as i say in the book, it is very difficult to understand why fdr, again, going back to your earlier question, i think if fdr had been in better health, for instance, if he had only been suffering from a physical ailment, but if he had been mentally fitter he would have understood how vital it was to put his vice presiden

for example, co-pac ukrainians were directed by stalin, as we called him, the boss. they should conduct a raid down to the car pagian mountains and this is a unit involving substantial number of arms, mortars, like machine guns, to draw the germans away to chase them and that is the idea of the raid as opposed to the sabotage. so those are the three things, for example, that the partisans did in support of the army itself. the other thing the hints did is they represented the government of the soviet union to the people behind the lines. for example, one of the directives, by the way, as an aside, over again to my display, you'll note a number of weapons on this other display. most of them are german. one of them, by the way, is italian. again, an axis ally or ally of the german. even the belt buckle, of course, is german. but the point is the directive was we were supposed to be self-sufficient so in order to get arms, one of the ways to do it was to capture them from the germans and that is exactly -- we used the german supply chain to supply the partisans. even in

i think after about a year, they began to realize that they have two devils -- stalin on the one hand, because they don't like the soviet system, they don't like the fact that it cost them tens of thousands of people who died of starvation because of that system. by the way, we also, of course, see that today, that juxtaposition in terms of, between the ucranes and the russians and the animosity that they have there. but what happened is that now they realize there is another devil, that is hitler and the nazis, because they are killing people who are, just because they are slavs, because they're on the low totem pole, if you will, of the racial identity that the nazis project. and they send their young back to germany as slave laborers. so, at that point now, we were able to get people to join the partisan movement. and in the soviet union -- in moscow, the leader of the partisan bureaucracy finally convinced stalin that he should actually issue an order that would now open the partisan movement to all people of the soviet union, whether they were red army or communist party members.

what they neither new was russian spies were keeping stalin informed of progress. a-bomb was not ready for testing until after fdr's death and germany's surrender. in july of 1945, president harry s truman authorized the use of the bomb against japan. in august, bombs were dropped on the japanese cities of here or not effective. -- hiroshima and nagasaki. ♪ ♪ >> the most important legacy franklin roosevelt left the world was the united nations organization. from the earliest days of world war ii, fdr worked to create a postwar organization dedicated to global cooperation and peace through collective security. on january 1, 1942, he welcomed representatives of 25 allied nations to the white house to sign a declaration pledging each to defend life, liberty, independence, and religious freedom, and to preserve human rights and justice. fdr called this wartime coalition the united nations and later led efforts to expand it into a postwar international organization. >> i am returning from this trip, and that took me refreshed and inspired, with a firm belief that we

stalin and churchill did and battled over poland. and ultimately it would have made that much difference. particularly when they're unwilling to surrender territory. who knows. in some ways it was a relief to end the book where i did and leave those questions to another biographer of a subsequent president. how do you excuse fdr for not informing truman of the a. bomb or can you excuse him? >> i can't. as i say in the book it's very difficult to understand why fdr -- again going back to your earlier question if he had been in health and physical ailment and if he had been mentally fitter he would have understood how vital it was to put his vice president and obvious successor in the picture. but he relied on him to do it and the truth is by the last weeks when perhaps he thought he was going to spend more time, he did see truman and obviously he had given instructions that he should share the atomic bomb secrets with the vice president he just wasn't well enough and to be honest i think if he had sat down with truman i'm not sure how

for example, the ukrainian partisans were actually directed by stalin, the boss. they should conduct a raid down to the carpathian mountains. this would be a unit involving something like 700 partisans, a substantial number of arms, mortars, light machine guns, to draw out the germans away to chase them. that was the idea of the raid, as opposed to the sabotage. so, those are the three things, for example, that the partisans did in support of the army itself. the other thing the partisans did is they represented the government of the soviet union to the people behind the lines. for example, one of the directives, by the way, as an aside -- over again to my display. you will note a number of weapons on this other display. most of them are german. one of them is italian, an axis ally, or an ally of the germans. even the belt buckle is german. the point is that the directive was that we were supposed to be self-sufficient. one way to do it was to capture arms from the germans. we use the germans'supply chain to supply the partisans, even including the belt buckle, bu

stalin also promises the president to join the war against japan once hitler surrenders. fdr's trip to cairo and tehran was thus historic, a triumph. when churchill was asked by his doctor whether anything had gone wrong, he snapped, a bloody lot wrong has gone wrong. in fact, as history shows, a bloody lot has gone right. certainly hitler is in no doubt as to the defining importance of an allied cross channel invasion for the fate of the nazi third reich. the landings and subsequent battle will, quote, decide the war, hitler warns his staff and goebels. it will not be too hard to beat the western allies, hitler adds. after all, he doesn't, quote, have the feelings that the british have their, shall we say, whole heart in this attack. after the president's trip to cairo and tehran, though, the d-day project is energized. it will go forward in the spring of 1944. and it's energized for one extra historic reason, as i have tried to relate definitively at last in this book, "war and peace" namely the president's surprising decision not to appoint general marshall to mcmahon

it's a very ugly phrase used by stalin, used by hitler, used, you know, during the french revolution and basically the justification was-- the people that were targeted by the law under which they were found guilty and beheaded, that the actual law uses that phrase, enemy of the people. >> watch after words with

he had gone to moscow and had interview with stalin himself and at the interview stalin had said when hopkins said what is immediate that you need, i need antiaircraft and aluminum and hopkins come back that you obviously can't use aluminum in the battlefield. stalin is going to say we will survive and continue here and also the foreign ministry wants declaration that if japan joins the war that the u.s. would enter the war and in moscow they see it the same way. keeping the chinese, keeping the japanese from attacking the soviet union is critical. so what is going to happen is that u.s. is in japanese would have their oil continue killing chinese but they would be in a stronger position. at this point he decides that a flexible restriction of oil production to japan is not going to become a total embargo. are you going to provide to attack the soviet union and that's the decision he makes at the time and that's the moment where we see the unification of asia-pacific war and the european war. let me go on rapidly here in view of the time. i found two other pieces of evidence i think a

that is what happened under stalin, not just a few people but millions. from that we try to develop the question is and i taught a course of george washington on the dystopian novel and keep kids kept asking is violence and accident of socialism or is violence inherent? is it inevitable? i think the more socialism you get, yes, absolutely it is inherent and the more in the closer you get to taking people's property people will resist and then you can't just find them but you will put them in jail or shoot them. >> host: i interact with a lot of folks that come up to me as a young conservative and say how can i motivate my child or my grandchild to embrace the principles that have made our country great? i would say the book really doesn't detail out all the arguments that socialists make and then it goes into, i think, a good historical context, good global context but the question is when do we believe move past that tipping point? you cite a harvard study that half of people under 29 have a favorable view of socialism. how we crossed the rubicon? do we

they were sicker place under hitler and stalin pol pot and mao. that gets back to the question is that an accident or unfortunately it went in that direction or is it really inherent that they can't handle the debate because ultimately it will lead to dissent and unraveling. most of the final issue want to address it would not be a rand paul book it was in the curt treat -- critique of forever wars and represent more troops than anyone else i thank you on behalf of the military families for you do. you write you are criticizing a particular journalist and you say i respect eisenhower's warning that small wars could lead to big words but i've never quite understood how one could be caught lying about an opinion but the fact checker deluded that eisenhower belonged to the work crowd and then you go on to quote eisenhower saying i hate war. only a soldier who lives it can only as one who is seen as brutality is futility and stupidity. as we tried to guide foreign policy and our government away from forever wars what advice would you give those of us

and then to be other ideological treatments in american history and the stalin's last americans by to conclude the soviet agent to conclude the soviet agent one - - "the dedication to his cause was as destructive as the isys recruits. ". and in 1979 and those talking heads. and to be inspired by the terrorist groups of the red army faction and as the driving first person in chronicle of the unmanned figure. so i will be some of the lyrics. loaded with weapons. packed up and ready to go. those were some great sites up on the highway. a place nobody knows. the sound of gunfire off in the distance. i'm getting used to it now. lived in a brownstone. lived in the ghetto. i've been all over the town. the state no disco or fooling around no time for dancing or lovey-dovey. i don't have time for that now. there may be for reasons and with that sheer audacity and those extremely locations and from 1979 through 1981 and then to go into the army with that separatist group. and that is about $3 million in today's dollars. and may 19th was one of the most infamous armed robberies in american histo

stalin demanded his allies strike quickly at the heart of hitler's empire in northwestern europe to draw off a portion of the german forces that were attacking the ussr. roosevelt also favored an assault on northwestern europe, but realized it would take time for careful planning and preparation. churchill pushed for a more limited peripheral strategy of attack among the edges of the axis empire. not until november of 1943 at the big meeting in tehran were three the allied leaders able to agree to a spring 1944 invasion. though the war was far from won, the talks also included discussion of a postwar united nations organization. soviet fears of a resurgent germany led the russians to demand territorial adjustments in eastern europe to establish a larger postwar buffer zone between germany and the ussr. the allies also agreed they would accept nothing less than an unconditional surrender from the axis powers. as dawn broke on june 6, 1944, the largest amphibious invasion force in history, massed in the waters of the english channel. the long-awaited invasion of northwestern europe, a seco

he had gone to moscow and at interview with stalin himself and in the india stalin had said when hopkins said what are the most immediate things you need? stalin said i did at the aircraft guns and aluminum. hopkins comes back with a message that obviously you can't use aluminum on the battlefield right away. stalin is think were going to survive over here. also the soviet foreign ministry tells how can still of the us to make a declaration that if japan would enter the war against the soviet union, that u.s. would enter the war against japan. hopkins can't make a pledge but it reinforces the notion that in moscow they see it the same way, they keep in the chinese, keeping the japanese from attacking the soviet union is critical. so what is going to happen is that the u.s. will negotiate with japan and what of the japanese looking for? they want out of the china quagmire and the two basic proposals. they want the u.s. either to agree to oppose a settlement on the chinese which effectively acknowledges japan has one, the chinese are defeated, or the use would agree to force the chinese in

they are very much a precursor to what came later in stalin's time. bret: the czar had been reviled as a tyrant we are executing a handful of violent radicals. under lenin and his followers, millions would die at the hands of the state. >> it is difficult to h-uppercase-letter how many people came to die under lenin's system and stalin's system because there were so many different ways to die. there were people who died in camps, people who died because they were machine-gunned down in the woods, people who died because they were deported, people who died in artificial famines and when you begin to put the numbers together you get numbers and statistics in the tens of millions. ♪ bret: >> lenin, in general, had no subtheme for human beings. he believed, as did others, that through education, legislation you can make not want all things and you create human beings. the existing human race was forgotten that killing them was progressive. ♪ bret: admits to terror and war, lenin was building a system of government unlike any seen before. along with th

>> first of all, stalin played his cards in the far east better than anyone else did through most of the first couple of years of war and he clearly recognized the value of china in keeping japan tiedown, much the way i talk about what happened in 1941. the soviet union became a principal supplier such as it was of chinese arms and equipment, aircraft, they also send pilots and i had the numbers and you can trust me you can find them in the book or whatever but the problem was that the supply line from the soviet union was overland and they used camels to deliver some of the supplies and after june 1931 the soviets were in their own supreme peril they cut off the supplies to the chinese and this is a theme that starts in this volume and will continue on. when you crunch the numbers on the chinese were getting versus what they needed it's appalling throughout the war for the soviets were the greatest supplier there for a wild and particularly in 38, 39, 40. >> rich, we have a question here in the battle of shanghai, one book: stalin grand of of the yangtze them over the similarities m

polish officers were discovered in 1943 now a memorial site it shows the truth soviet leader joseph stalin always denied he blamed what is known as the cutting massacre on hitler's troops only after the collapse of the soviet union did russia acknowledge the estimated $22000.00 executions were carried out by stalin secret police. but leading up to the 80th anniversary of the massacre statements on russian state t.v. have again started to question this because an angry response from poland. and local activists have also demanded the removal of memorial plaques remembering the polish victims no one is allowed to tell untrue things about history and we will prove one by one moment in the mountains or other things what do you say to poland when they say you are rewriting history and changing the fact we. disagree with it because we don't rewrite anything 80 years after the cutting massacre it still causes controversy between russia and poland russia is preparing to celebrate the 75th anniversary of its victory in world war 2 but the government is being accused of changing historical facts by p

stalin and his soviet successors. i would like to turn to the meat of the book and look at a couple of important episodes in this history. i would like to begin by turning to the first world war, which began in the summer of 1914. the u.s. entered the war in 1917. wars can do peculiar things to societies. world war i was no exception. it caused unsavory attitudes to bubble to the surface of american life. the german state and its people were portrayed in barbaric terms. german-americans and all things >> german-americans and all things german ultimately would be scorned in this country. the german language was no longer taught in schools. german books were removed from library shelves. there were book burnings in america of german language books. more trivially, sauerkraut became liberty cabbage. hamburgers, liberty steak. german measles, yes, liberty measles. but more seriously, germans were tarred and feathered. they were beaten. a drunken mob lynched a german labor in a small town in illinois -- a german laborer. g

where is stalin in the 1930's and 40's? >> i'm not sure where to put him, i guess. >> he is there, definitely. stalin did not want philip randolph marching on washington in 1931. he is there. >> ok. i will think about that. thank you. did am curious, when perform,roups start to when did they start to grow, and when did lincoln's name begin to the use in many different laces? >> my impression is you can find clubs with his name, schools and towns. that is all happening immediately after the assassination. is monuments and statues are later. maybe the 1880's and 1890's. the lincoln memorial is 1922. , i guess ikind of should say my remarks are not meant to say that he is being ignored prior to the 1930's. he is being recognized, honored, celebrated. i think there is a kind of switch in the 1930's in terms of less talk about lincoln and moreg and healing, a figure of power, a figure who the mostrepresents consolidated power of the american government. that imagenk you had earlier of lincoln, but i do think you have that in the

stalin demanded his allies strike quickly at the heart of the empire in northwestern europe to distract and draw off a portion of the german forces attacking the ussr. roosevelt also favored an assault on northwestern europe but realized the attack would require time for careful planning and preparation. churchill pushed for a more limited periferal strategy of attack. not until november 1943 at the big 3 meeting in teheran were they able to agree to a spring 1944 invasion. >> it also included talks of a post war nation. fears lead the russians to demand territorial adjustments in eastern europe to establish a larger post war buffer zone between germany and the ussr. they also agreed nothing less than an unconditional surrender from the axis powers. as dawn broke on june 6th, 1944, the largest amphibious invasion force in history masked in the waters of the english channel. the long awaited invasion of northwestern europe, a second front was underway. code named operation overload the massive invasion had taken years to organize. hundreds of thousands of men and millions of tons of weap

say he's against zionism, but there is something else here which is a key is immersed in a world of stalinism when i use that term i don't mean to that he was a member of the communist party, but he was for the communist party newspaper and the daily worker of england changed its name to the morning stars in the 60s and 70s and continue to be funded from moscow at that time and that is his newspaper and he surrounded himself with a andrew murray and some others who now come from the communist world but they were divided in britain between the communist party of britain and the great depression. the one faction was a eventually gorbachev before that the communists and the other factions were hard-liners who most resented stalin and this was called the straight left group and a corgan's circle of advisers comes from this horrid wine communist group and the others meant they supported the soviet invasion and 56. so the prospect creates a socialism but if he becomes the minister of england it's certainly going to be something very painful but also it's impossible for me to see how the u.s. britis

why don't you mention richard hofstadter, who was a follower of joseph stalin. he is very influential and i lincoln studies becausenf of tht dreadful chapter he wrote on lincoln. did you know in 1946 10 novels had gone out of print because the stalinist literary community had disapproved of it. where is stalin in the 1930's and 40's?put >> i'm not sure whe to put him, i guess. is>> he is there, definitely. stalin did not want philip randolph marching on washington in 1931. he is there. >> ok. i will think about that. thank you. >> i am curious, when did lincoln groups start to perform, when did they start to grow, lincoln's name begin to the use in many different places? >> my impression is you can find clubs with his name, schools and towns. that is all happeningr thn. immediately after the sments an assassination. d statues are later.numents and e thmaybe the 1880's and 1890's. the lincoln memorial is 1922.d there is a kind of, i guess i should say my remarksnot are not meant to say that he is being ignored prior to the 1930's. he is being recognized, honored,

almost immediately the president went to the altar, confered with joseph stalin and churchill on final steps to crush the axis and establish peace. it was the originalal meeting of the big theo. franklin roosevelt looked tired and old. in april, a great man was dead. the loss of franklin roosevelt was deeply felt by people all-around the world. ♪ >> in the cabinet room of the white house, harry s. truman was sworn in as president. on the each of victory and its disturbing aftermath, his was the duty of carrying on with he leaders of america's allies . 25 days later on may the 7th in a little school house in france came the unconditional urnedser of germany. the nazi chief of staff signed the document formally ending all german resistance as drawn by the representatives of russia, britain, france and the united states. general smith signed for the supreme commend of command. and the end of one of history's most massive and brilliant campaigns bright a well earned victory to a soldier known as ke eisenhower. in the pacific, in mortal combat against a frenetic foe, the army, navy and ma

union and he went to israel on activities that was affiliated with not official communists but pro-stalin and pro-soviet so he had at least a dalliance with a communist world and then he was in the democratic socialist world. according to his biographer in roma or month he was an amateur and even sought vice presidential nomination of the socialist workers party. which is a trotskyist party. now, i'm sure people were not immersed in a world of socialism or marxism will find this quite obscure but between the socialist, communist and trotsky's , each one needed other two. i've never heard before someone who involved themselves in all three so what to make of his ideological trajectory is beyond me. >> thank you josh, let's go to the next round and let me call on veronica and patrick and then others to get in but veronica, you first . >>. [inaudible] >>. [inaudible] >> my question is what is the attribution of technology? >> thank you, over to you. >> this is going to put forward a bunch as to reasons for not only a huge appeal of socialism to a payday but also its resilience again to a soc

i don't think i heard you mention stalin. that is significant. without mentioning stalin, one might assume there was something the united states could have done to prevent the soviets from building an atomic bomb. that seems unlikely. it also seems unlikely we could have prevented the british from building an atomic bomb. we have to be somewhat careful about the extent of u.s. global influence. >> the soviets built the atomic bomb because the u.s. and british refused -- yes, they were 93% there. because the development of the atomic bomb was actually an international conglomerate of scholars. some of them coming from poland and the soviet union. therefore they knew what their colleagues also knew. they were very close. if the plan had been followed, which was to place atomic weapons under international control, we might have not had the arms race. it's not whether the soviet union, the british developed it. placing these weapons under international control might have prevented enormous arms race. might have prevented the development of hydrogen b

such was the man who met stalin for the first time in tehran, who gave the world's first promise of complete accord between the three great powers. that these were called the big three was no empty phrase and franklin roosevelt, steadfast in his convictions, was the biggest of them all. steaming into pearl harbor for the first time since the outbreak of war, the commander-in-chief conferred with admiral nimitz and general macarthur. that he took an active heart in the war in the pacific is now apparent. from this conference a

it showsmorial site the truth joseph stalin always denied. the massacre on hitler's' t roops. only after the collapse of the soviet union did russia acknowledge the executions carried out by stalin's secret police. leading up to the 80th massacre,y of the statements on russian state tv began to question this, causing an angry response from poland. and local activists have also demanded the removal of memorial plaques remembering the polish victims. tell one is allowed to untrue things about our history. one,ll prove one by amounting all other things -- reporter: what did you say to pull it when you are rewriting history and changing facts? >> we don't agree with that. reporter: 80 years after the massacre still causes controversy between russia and poland, russia is preparing to celebrate the 75th anniversary of its victory in world war ii, but the government is being accused of changing historical fact by promoting a narrative. and critics say president putin is not only angry with his neighbor but also turning back the clock on reconciliation. when the european parliament la

but my question, i don't think i heard you mention stalin. and that is pretty significant. without mentioning stalin, one might assume there was something the united states could have done to prevent the soviets from building an atomic bomb -- continuing to build an atomic bomb. that seems really unlikely. it also seems really unlikely that we would have prevented the british from building an atomic bomb. so i think we have to be somewhat careful here about the extent of u.s. global influence. i'm grateful for your presentation. >> thank you. >> the soviets built the atomic bomb because the u.s. and the british did because the u.s. refused to place -- >> they had started it before -- >> and they were -- yes, they were already in 1945, they were 90 -- i think scientists said they were already 93% there because the development of the atomic bomb was actually an international conglomerate of scholars, some coming from poland, the soviet union. therefore, they all knew what their colleagues also knew, and so they were very, very close. if international -- if the plan had been f

the man that met stalin for the first time in tehran which gave the world the first promise of complete accord between the three great powers. franklin roosevelt was the biggest of them all. teaming into pearl harbor for the first time, he took an active part in planning the war and this is now apparent. and emerged with the liberation of the philippines. fdr began his fourth term in office believing that men are capable of their owntyrant, or can run them as well as themselves. they made plans to bring together the nations and the peoples of the world in a just and lasting peace. history recorded that first step as the san francisco conference. >> in this last report to congress, it was found to be the last of his life. a heritage for all men everywhere. the congress of the american people to kep the results of this ckoconference as the beging of a permanent structure of peace. upon which we can begin to build that better world in which our children and grandchildren, yours and mine, children and grandchildren of the whole wo d world. >> you're watching american history tv while people

where is stalin in your account of the 1930s and 1940s? >> i'm not sure where to put him i guess. >> he's there, definitely. in fact, stalin didn't want any philip randolph marching on washington in 1941 and the protests, the protests didn't occur because f.d.r. created the fair employment practices commission but he is there. >> okay. i'll think about that. thank you. >> well, i'm curious. when did lincoln -- when did lincoln -- when did they start to perform, when did lincoln museums start to go and when did lincoln's name begin to be used in many different places? >> so, you know, my impression is that you can find clubs with lincoln's name, schools being named for lincoln, towns being named. that is all happening immediately after the assassination. my sense is that monuments and statues are a little bit later so maybe the 1880s and 1890s and the lincoln memorial is 1922. so there is kind of, i guess i should say my remarks here are not meant to say that he is being ignored, prior to the 1930s. he is definitely being recognized. he is

it's a very ugly phrase that has been used by stalin, hitler, used during the french revolution. the justification is the people targeted under the law by which they were found guilty and beheaded, the actual law uses that phrase, enemy of the people. announcer: watch afterwards with jonathan karl, tonight at 9:00 p.m. eastern on book tv on c-span 2. announcer: american history tv is on c-span 3 every weekend, and all of our programs are archived on our website at c-span.org/history. you can watch lectures and college classrooms, tours of historic sites, archival films, and see our upcoming schedule at c-span.org/history. ♪

where is stalin in your account of the '30s and '40s. >> i'm not sure where to put him, i guess. >> he is there, he didn't want phillip randolph far muching on washington, and the protest didn't occur because fdr created the fair employment practices commission, but she there. >> okay,ly think about that. thank you. >> when did lincoln go all of the countries. when did lincoln's name begin to be used in many different places? >> so my impression is that you can find clubs, that is all happening immediately after the assassination. my sense is that monuments and statues are later, so maybe the 1880s, and the 1890s, and then of course the lincoln memorial for 1922. so there is -- my remarks here are not to say that he is being ignored. she being recognized and he is being honored and celebrated, but i do think there is a switch from less terms about lincoln. not a figure that represents the most consolidated power of the american government. i don't think you had that image earlier, but i think you have that in the 1930s. >> there is an even more subtle if not oblique message in casa bla

stalin said i need aluminum. and he goes back with the message that obviously you can't use aluminum on the battlefield right-of-way. it reinforces the notion that in moscow they see it the same way. what are the japanese looking for at this point? they want out of the quagmire and they have two basic proposals. we should read what they are saying down to this. they want the u.s. to agree or pose a settlement or the u.s. would agree to on the assumpti assumption. there isn't much room for any room for compromise. but roosevelt is going to do is end advance after he's gone through the collaborations with churchill, harry hopkins. he realizes one of the most important thing they can do this cut off the supply of oil to japan while providing them between 75 to 80% of the petroleum. can you imagine what they would say if we had been providing 75 or 80% between 1937 to mid-1941? there is the strategic dilemma because he knows if we were to cut off the japanese oil price they would simply advance down to the reserves a

such was the man who met stalin for the first time in tehran, who gave the world's first promise of complete accord between the three great powers. that these were called the big three was no empty phrase and franklin roosevelt, steadfast in his convictions, was the biggest of them all. steaming into pearl harbor for the first time since the opera kevork, the commander-in-chief conferred with admiral nimitz and general macarthur. that he took an active part in the war in the pacific is now apparent. from this conference a emerged the blueprint for the conflict in the philippines. fdr began his fourth term in office firm in his belief that men are capable of their own government. no king, no tyrant, no dictator can govern as wisely as they can govern themselves. upon that note, he faced the world's future on the conference table at the altar, made plans to bring together the people of the world in a just and lasting peace will stop history has recorded that first step as the san francisco conference. in this, his last report to congress and the american people is to be found the text of his l

stalin was said to have joked that the only country rich enough to afford communism was the united states. [laughter] >> why should it not be true? why should it not be true? in the 1960s a benchmark for you the dow jones industrial average was approaching a record level of 1000 and it seemed only a matter of months before the dow would pass its landmark but there was one aging, underappreciated executive who saw things differently as he was an older guy, vice president/labor relations and the name of this man was lemuel ricketts where. he believes growth didn't come when a board, and wrote out big plans. boulware believes growth took place when a lonely scientist in a dumpy lab had an idea. ..world. ideas like the light bulb. i ge idea. ..... even a little bit of socialism could do damage. the recent are 1959 kitchens were better than the russian kitchens was those old long-term investments of inventors at the beginning of ge. the reason the companies thrived was good were affordable but the high wages in prices would render ge uncompetitive. in the end of the russians would make better