and indians alike, where indians and non-indians alike would own the land. that is nothing like any of the court's previous cases. they were not able to point to a case like that. how that connects to the statute, well congress is trying to transform the jurisdiction and the terror -- and the land ownership. it says tribal law shall not be enforced. the allotment agreement transforms the land tenure. the other side says we can still levy taxes. those taxes were abolished in the five tribes at, so they cannot point to any tribal power that existed. >> thank you, counsel. deputy general need letter. >> thank you governor justice. in preparing the indian territory for statehood, congress on the mineta all the hallmarks of the reservation -- congress eliminated all the hallmarks of that reservation. congress eliminated the territorial sovereignty over the area by abolishing tribal courts in enforcing tribal law and territorial courts. at the same time, congress illuminated -- eliminated that under federal law. that was irrespective of race. congress transform th

looks at the national debate over the 1830 indian removal -- indian removal act and its impact on southern tribes. associate curator paul chaat smith leads us through the americans exhibit, which examines how indian imagery is prominent in children's toys and mascots. >> it is built on a paradox, the riddle. the paradox is this -- in 2018 the united states is a country of 283 million people. and indians are perhaps 1% of that population. most americans live in urban areas and parts of the country where they never actually see american indians. and yet american life in images, advertising, mascots, surround people every single day. the show is about exploring the strange contradiction of how prevalent american indians are in american life, really from the earliest memories of americans throughout their life, and yet somehow it was never really noticed much, never seemed is important. the territorial team decided to call this phenomenon "indians everywhere." it's normalizing what's actually a really weird phenomenon. we looked and we couldn't find any other country in which one ethnic group

and indians alike and were non-indians and indians alike would own the land, that is nothing like any of the courts previous cases, it was not able to point to any case that was anything like that and so how that connects to the statute, if what congress is trained to do for my history, there trained to transform the jurisdiction in the land ownership. the transform jurisdiction says tribal law should not be enforced, the allotment agreement transformed a tenure. the other sides wit said we cany taxes, that they were abolished in the five tribes act and no tribal power that existed in the one power they can appoint to was abolished in the five tribes act. >> thank you counsel. >> deputy general. >> may i please occur, and preparing the indian territory for statehood, congress has eliminated the hallmarks of the reservation. congress broke up the tribeses national domain and extinguish the tribes interest. congress likewise eliminated the territorial sovereignty of the area by abolishing tribal courti imposing the enforcement and territorial courts, at the same time congress eliminated

so after the indian removal act was passed in may of 1830, indian nations still fought against it. they still marshalled public opinion. they filed suits in the united states supreme court to prevent it and, you know, kept fighting really throughout the 1830s. some indian nations did go ahead with removal, and it is important to remember conditions on the ground were really, really hard at that point that indians were under attack, under racist attack, and a lot of indians really under stoostood this was all going. the cherokee nation fought to the very, very end, and it has become understood in american imagination to be primarily about the cherokee nation. i think it is a lot because of, you know, their heroic struggle against removal. but one of the things we wanted to accomplish in this exhibition is to show that this was a large national, even global event. it was not only about more than just the cherokee, it was more than the five civilized tribes. it transformed national borders. it transformed global economies. the results of a massive project for the united states to carr

act among other things prohibit the sale of alcohol to indians in indian countries and a bunch of merchants and speculators in the non-indian communities in albuquerque running out to the problems selling alcohol to the public citizens and getting busted for it by the feds. prior to statehood, the state turned to real court said this is fine because they are not indians because are civilized, et cetera, the federal government was concerned that they through language into the oklahoma -- new mexico enabling act, yes they are indian and new mexicans continue to violate this law in the sandoval case came up just mentioned numerous times in the world argument today, sandoval was a fight over whether are the problems indians in the book of the decision if youn, read it, is very racist, deals with levels of civilization, are they sufficiently inferior to white people that we can consider indians. in the answer to that is yes and the pushback that comes from the state of new mexico is the abbot their citizens, the supreme court to that said maybe were not entirely sure but it does not make any dif

there are 300 images of american indians in this gallery. each image can be replaced with yet another image. what we find significant about this imagery is it is evidence of the history that americans and american indians share. we explore the history behind those -- explore the imagery behind that history. we are concerned about getting across the fact that the country's deepest roots are tangled with native americans. we are talking about pocahontas, who had been famous for 400 years. she is the only native american, she is the only american in the history of the country who had been famous for this long. in this gallery we're looking at how improbable it is that somebody who was born 400 years ago, let alone a female, let alone an indigenous woman, let alone an indigenous woman who died in the early 20's, should be famous for 400 years. we know that a lot of our visitors aren't really sure pocahontas was an actual historical person, so the first thing we want to get across is this fact that she was a historical person. and how much it is

indian children placed in schools in an and they will be brought up for indian families. he is one of the early americans who has a fascinating story to him. if you drive east of gettysburg and you go into amish country you will find the kaconrad wise homestead. he was born in germany. he came over in the 1710s to new york with a large group of migrants that were very poor. then moved into the mohawk valley region to find land. they want today be far away, they didn't want to be bothered by folks, but he was taken by his father and placed in a local mohawk community. the germans wanted someone to learn the language so they could community. so he learned the language and as an adult, he moved in. he was on the pends fron teen, and because of his language skills, he became an interpreter from the colony of pennsylvania and virginia. he had a pretty good reputation. the native americans liked him. they said he had an indian side and a european side. colonial governments fromly tru -- generally trusted him. unlike others, they never trusted fur traders and that sort of thing,

indians. it's based on the premise that most american people think they have nothing to do with american indians and that american indians have nothing to do with them. we are arguing that the exact opposite is true. americans and american indians share a deeply in tangled history. this shaped united states of america, and had a profound and lasting impact on american national consciousness and popular culture. we are standing in the central gallery, which we call indians everywhere you this large gallery is covered floor to ceiling with images. this imagery is pervasive in americans lives. most american people are not conscious that anywhere you look you will find imagery of american indians. we are arguing that this imagery exists as evidence of the deeply entangled history that americans and american indians share. in exploring the history that lies behind this imagery, we explored three events in us history, the story of pocahontas, the trail of tears, and the battle of little bighorn. tod

in indian country. merchants,as speculators and a indian communities in albuquerque selling alcohol to the pueblos and selling it to the citizens, and then getting busted for it by the feds. prior to statehood, state territorial court said this is fine because that they are not really indians, because they are civilized, etc. the federal government was concerned about it enough that they through language into the new mexico enabling act, saying, yes they are indians. and new mexicans have continued to violate the law. then the sandoval case came up, which was mentioned in the oral argument today. state of all was a fight over are the pueblos indians, and the bulk of the decision, if you read it, feels very racist and deals with levels of civilization. are they sufficiently inferior to white people that we can consider them indians? the answer to that is yes. and the pushback that comes from the state of new mexico is, yeah, but they are citizens. the supreme court said to that, well, maybe we are not en

there are over 300 images of indians in this gallery. each one of these images can be easily replaced with yet another image. as we say, what we find significant about this imagery is that it is evidence of the history that americans and american indian's share we explore the history behind the imagery. we are going to go into the pocahontas gallery. we are concerned about getting across the fact that the country's deepest boots are entangled with negative native native americans. we are talking about pocahontas who has been famous for 400 years. she is the only native american she is the only american in the history of the country who has been famous for this long. we are in this gallery and looking at how improbable it is that somebody who was born 400 years ago let alone a female, let alone an indigenous woman, let alone an indigenous woman who died when she was in her early twenties should remain famous for 400 years. we know that a lot of our visitors are not really sure pocahontas was an actual historical person, so the first thing

annually the eastern band of american indians in north carolina and another band of cherokee indians come to our museum in april and they have a cultural festival where they will have demonstrations and arts and crafts and songs and dancing to greet our visitors and invite our visitors to come in and explore cherokee history and culture. so they will be here again this year, look at our website and the date in april, and as always we are anxious to greet the cherokees and turn our museum over to them. >> your museum opened in 2004. faith from california, bringing up a question on twitter about how the smithsonian institution has dealt with native americans over its long lifetime. she asked, do you remember where the smithsonian had eskimo skeletons behind glass until somebody wanted the bones >> returned to their ancestors? >> i cannot say i recall that specifically, but i do recall from my youth that the national museum of natural history had a series of dioramas with mannequins of indians doing different kinds of things, usually rather dramatic things, usually dressed in different

were they the indians -- were they the first indians to weave? some think so. navajo weavers were women. all weaving in the hopi land is done by men. they have leisure time and turn to artistic handicraft to absorb energy. as the men are called upon to furnish costumes for occasioned, weaving is more than a commercial feature. this weaver is singing a hopi ceremonial song. (music) [hopi singing] while all may be familiar with the indian blanket, few have seen a tuy -- a typical kashima sash, four feet to six feet long and worn by dancers or used for decorative purposes in homes. the art of silver smithing with the hopi, they had no native metal with which to work in the early days. they now produce jewelry of a very high standard. the hand-pumped grill fashioned many years ago is still useful. in a noticeable trait for the indian, until he finds something better to take its place, he never abandons the old tools. a survey of the region in which the hopi lives, would make you despair on how many things are useful in this land of seeming waste. some of our fine i

god gave it to the indians. he gave this land to the indians. so i'll say, look, we are fighting for this land and it's always been our land and god gave it to us so we fight for this land. native blood is all over this land and soaked into this earth and now, we become universal and our blood is soaked all over this continent in all over this world. it is precious to us and that's why we respect it and we do the right thing and care for it. >> one of the things we think about and thinking about after the memorial opens -- is sort of the protocols around how used the memorial and we know that native people know the proper way to offer the offering of the cedar. how do you think we ought to advise our non native guests to experience the memorial you know. >> most people are very aware of religions and the freedom to have a religion here and you see that in our culture and we have all different types of religions and i think -- that people will see these people making these ceremonies and they may wonder and i thought about that and you could have

one we actually were a removed tribe here to indian territory. we began the removals starting in 1829 and they culminated in our larger removal here to indian territory in the summer and fall months of 1836 with our arrival 1836, and throughout january of 1837, when we arrived at port gibson in indian territory. for about 20 years or so, beginning at about 1840, prior to settling here, we met at the grand council of our tribal towns until 1861. 1861 was the arrival of the civil war in the united states, and affected just about everyone. after the civil war, we had to sign a treaty, as many tribes involved in the civil war. we signed that treaty in 1856. 1867, we designed our tribal constitution, which was the foundation for government operations that established themselves in this area. once we establish that new tribal government, we had a place for that. we settled on this very ground that we are on. it was in 1868 they constructed the first council house, the two-story log cabin. it was the muscogee people named this town, they named it in 186

a year later the chinese and indian leaders held talks to maintain peace in the region she jinping and arend remotely met again in october last year. let's introduce our guests in new delhi we have brahma chill lanie an author and professor of strategic studies at the center for policy research he's a former advisor to india's national security council in the german city of light adam ni a specialist on china's foreign policy and security issues and in bloomington indiana sumit ganguly a distinguished professor of political science at indiana university bloomington he's a member of the council on foreign relations welcome to you all brahma i'll begin with you after all this time why now these flare ups along this border it's a good question the president should be believes that the pandemic is an opportunity for china to expand it if you haven't in fact the dalai university ordnance recently that great steps in history have always emerged from the crucible of major disasters so we see xi jinping expanding his agenda trying to decimate hong kong's global economy he has made moves in the

of trips on the reservation the pine ridge indian nation. and we were going from one community to the next we were invited to go and listen to their troubles or problems- and you know just to make contact because we were invited to go so i had my ten year old son with me and we were gonna make our rounds o on the reseservation visit the communities and then go back to where we were in rapid city off the reservation were. gathered there. and basically we were confronted. in the hamlet of wounded knee which is a very symbolic place on this very symbolic because there was a massacre in eighteen ninety there. and it's kind of like it it was not so much now but i it was a major tourist attraction. because many of the us soldiers back in eighteen ninety or given up medals of honor. for the massacre i mean that's the kind of history that we know the other side. of the histotory so-- but the fact that w we were literally surrounded. and helelo there i mean when we were on our way to anothther village. bt gugunfire you know opepened up n and we were

you seem to be living in a parallel universe and many indians, particular muslim indians. are you not aware that just last particular muslim indians. are you not aware thatjust last month the bj p not aware thatjust last month the mpmp not aware thatjust last month the bjp mp swami said muslims, if they become anything like 30% of our population, will be a danger to the country. muslims, he said, are not in an equal category. this is the language of pure discrimination, and it is coming from senior figures language of pure discrimination, and it is coming from seniorfigures in your party. 0k, it is coming from seniorfigures in your party. ok, now it is coming from seniorfigures in your party. 0k, nowl have not directly seen that statement. i think that what you are saying is true, but you will be careful not to use this. having said that, we do not approve of any such sentiments, any such statements in the country, people who make the statement, but other parties and governments, we shall not approve of any such state m e nts shall not approve of any such statements target

children battles with indian forces in indian administered kashmir reportedly being buried in unmarked graves the government is blaming the coronavirus pandemic for not allowing a proper burial more from imran khan. they come to pay their condolences to the family that has him shafi but a disabled teenager killed by indian troops on monday his parents were allowed to go to the funeral where he was buried in an unmarked grave at a government burial place 40 kilometers away from the family home and not in his local cemetery the family say he wasn't a fighter and complained they won't be and to visit his grave like they would if it was buried in a local cemetery wasn't a mystery to us all idea come a guess is good if they handed us the dead body the family members his father and his sisters sometimes could visit his grave in the future such attacks will happen again but we demand that this practice shouldn't be repeated with other people. but it is being repeated families of kashmiris killed say the indian authorities routinely bury their dead in government designated graveyards one fight

in the penguin so lake and nakoula areas chinese state media say indian troops trespassed on chinese territory and accuse them of trying to build the fence facilities but india's government says its soldiers stayed on it signed both sides appeared to be bolstering their presence and australian security analyst posted these satellite pictures on twitter last week they appear to show both sides building more tense and roads within 5 kilometers of the line of actual control which separates the 2 armies diplomatic relations between india and china are deteriorating as katrina you explains from beijing there's always been a dispute that about the territory but in recent weeks it's been intensifying between clearlake chinese soldiers in india isn't soldiers who disagree over the the last line of control because of this we've had skirmishes fist fights no bullets fired yet but there is a real fear that these scuffles as they become more intense could lead to all out conflict china and india share one of the world's longest unmarked borders both have territorial claims on more than 3 and a h

jurisdiction over indian territory in oklahoma. at the center of the case is a native american man convicted of sex crimes who claims state courts had no right to triumph a crime committed on indian land that remains under dispute. the justices must decide if the scene of the crime is to be considered indian territory and whether it was appropriate for the state to pursue criminal charges into the federal prosecutors. >>> the honorable, the chief justice and the associate justices of the supreme court of the united states. >> all persons having business before the honorable, the supreme court for the united states are admonished to give their attention for the court is now sitting. we will hear arguments first this morning case 189526 mcgirt

you know -- president trump: it's indian country. second lady lizer: -- indian country, whether it's alaskan native or navajo or hopi or gila river. you know, it's -- it's -- president trump: yeah. second lady lizer: -- all over. president trump: it's a very big problem in alaska. vice president lizer: mr. president, if i could add to that. just recently, in farmington, new mexico, there was an anglo woman who was abducted. and i'm most certain she came across the navajo nation and was found murdered in flags- -- near flagstaff, arizona. and so i think it just speaks largely to the lack of public safety officers in such a vast land the size of west virginia. president trump: it is a vast -- yeah, it's a vast land. vice president lizer: so not only navajo and others, but there's just an area that, i guess, because there's not as many public safety, that you get those kinds of -- president trump: well, i'm going to be signing something in a couple of moments, and i hope it helps a lot. not just a little bit, a lot. second lady lizer: y

he served in the french and indian war. he also serves in europe at the court of european princes as a military expert. he has a lot more military experience than george washington and he has a huge grudge toward the british. he thought he was treated poorly by them. eccentric guy.ry known to also have no friends, but his dog. he's got about 20 dogs. he is a bachelor, although he has a native american wife and he has a native american name, called boiling water. also probably but quite a genius when it came to military affairs. washington depends on him and the congress love him. john adams thinks that he is very important to the americans and they really wanted him to help washington, because he knows a lot about siege warfare, he knows the european style of fighting. he is given high command early on. he is essential in the defense of charleston in the early phase of the war when it successfully defeats a british invasion, although they will later be conquered. he was also put in charge of the defense of new york and does

live in the indian government has given the go ahead to bring back indian citizen stock abroad the travel will be done either by airplanes or naval ships off flights into india was suspended in late march because of the coronavirus lockdown the indian government says arriving passengers will be screened segregated and quarantined that critics are warning the virus may still spread. according to the information from the central government people be put on a plane without testing 1st with or they have coronavirus this is dangerous a plane has more than 200 people if one or 2 have the virus all the passengers will be in trouble the subjects the whole country and raises the possibility of the disease spreading further there are also concerns that poorly paid migrants may not be able to afford a ticket home who is representing stranded clients are calling on the indian government to do more to help. good look at subsidizing our only discounting these tickets specially for people who you know and if i do not have the economic ability of buying that but use of to get home is estimated there are

ah, the classic indian railway station. to me, nothing sums up this country better than the indian railway network. more than any political act, they say that this is what unifies this country. i remember as a small child being on an indian train and being totally overwhelmed by it. but i love it. horn blares ah, this feels imminent! who knows when this was made, this train. it looks pretty damn old to me! but, wow, look at that! horn blares it's a network that ferries millions of passengers daily across tens of thousands of track to nearly 7,000 stations. it's one of the world's biggest employers. if there's one defining legacy of british rule, it's the vast, sprawling, creaking indian railway network. it's still the lifeblood of the country today. all sing i'll tell you this, you wouldn't get this on a suburban train on a cold wednesday morning in london or any other western city. this is unique. singing continues you know everyone on this carriage? yeah. yeah, from the train journey? trainjourney, yeah. ah! train friends

that their invest in asia and a large number of them have applied to the indian government to return because they had no work but a month month and a half so when the remittances dry up and the families here in india who are dependent on these i meet and said they would be in trouble when these people return as it's already started in the lights are bringing them back and there are navy ships also which are bringing them back when that happens then these people come back and they would not have well because work in india is also dried up in india according to a recent report from the center for monitoring indian economy roughly more than 140000000 people have lost employment in the last few months and you know the number is likely to be larger because that doesn't capture the knowledge number of people migrating from cities to lady on foot or otherwise so in other words getting a job for these people would be very difficult in india and therefore there'd be a lot of psychological problems they would have returned without money without any earning without being able to support the fam

troops in what is normally indian territory is that correct. absolutely and your reporting on this issue is also spot on this is. one incident in a pattern of chinese provocations towards india and this is the 1st major one since the repeal of the discriminatory articles 370358 of the indian constitution last august that created the 2 states that bifurcation move kashmir into the state or union territories of questionnaire and looked up and of course as you said china does lay claim to look doc to parts of that region and because of this change in the status quo on the indian side china wants to assert itself in the region and to make sure that it is part of the of the of the region of any negotiations about the settlement of course this is something that benefits pakistan and it is seen in that lens well let me ask you a question about this because those of us who just are learning about this particular region it seems quite curious why would china suddenly want to move what is essentially the length of a football field across a disputed borde

the british have to think about their west indian colonies, there indian possessions, their african posts, they have to think about the world. the french and them are going to fight on a much bigger scale. it is seen as foolish to hold onto the town of philadelphia. so that army is going to march from philadelphia to new york in 1778. george washington wants to take advantage by harassing that army, at best finding a location to attack with this better trained army. now he has an army that has been training at valley forge, etc. the british are marching back to new york. charles lee is put in charge of a big section of the army. washington wanted to put off in -- put lafayette in charge of that wing, but he had pressure to put lee in that position. lee claimed he could not serve if he was put in a position where he wasn't in command. after he had opposed the idea of attacking the british the whole time. lee never agreed with that, but then he begs to be in charge of the army. of course, lee bungles it. at the battle of the courthouse when it begins, washington interprets lee's behavior as

mumps, they really made a big damage to indians. we are trying to keep them as isolated as we can. then you have the indians that live in towns, and they go back and forth. they go to their villages and they go to town. those are the hardest ones to take care of, because they have to go inside the health system of the city, and sometimes they don't understand or they don't even understand what is written. it is very hard, but you have a health system that really is really devoted to them. but the virus, for indians, has always been a very, very hard task for them to pass through. right, we have discussed the health emergency in brazil. before we finish — we don't have much time, but before we finish, i want to ask you a couple of quick questions about the bigger picture. one is about the economy. president bolsonaro's message, when he says we have to get back to work, we have to ease the social distancing, we have to focus now and brazil's economy. he says the people are desperate to get back to work, state governors should stop c

once the grind of ours condemn it is over the indian authorities will be faced with a choice continue to bury rebel fighters and others killed in government burial grounds or allow their families to arrange funerals as before many christian areas under indian administration are hopeful there will be a reversal of policy they've been under lockdown since last august when the indian government ended the region's autonomy critics say the indian government is imposing even more draconian measures and mancow or does it. libya's un recognized government has launched air strikes on warlord before half past positions after his forces fired shells into the capital tripoli the government says it hit have tar controlled areas near an airbase southwest of tripoli it's an attempt to stop half dollar from using the base for assaults on the city shells landed near the turkish and italian embassies on thursday and at least a dozen civilians have been killed in may mark what of the war had has more now from tripoli. we know that the government of national called is very keen to be captured. because it

to bring people back from the mall deaves hundreds of thousands of indians have asked to be brought home after being stranded by coronavirus travel restrictions elizabeth purana has more from new delhi. the 1st 2 flights touched down between the united arab emirates and the southern state of care that on thursday night and more have followed today landing in the capital new delhi in india administered meade this is what's being called. operation that will take all of may and maybe 15000 people will be brought home from 12 countries all 64 flights but hundreds of thousands of indians have registered to come back to put that into context the united states is repatriated something like $80000.00 and european nations together something like $65000.00 and it's not just planes naval warships are involved to have arrived in to bring something like a 1000 stranded indians back everyone a screened before and after getting on these flights and trains some people have landed showing symptoms of coronavirus have been taken to special closed hospitals most of the people have to go into quarantin

one of the world's largest international evacuation missions has become thousands of indian nationals being repatriated from the middle east and southeast asia on flights and navy ships. russia is becoming the new global hot spots covered 19 for a 6th straight day new cases have gone up by more than 10000. we're telling our top story the drastic job losses in the u.s. and behind every one of those grim statistics is a story of personal loss john hendren spoke to one woman from chicago who was working 2 jobs to make ends meet until the pandemic struck. christiane montgomery had 2 jobs a bright future in the prospect of a better life for her children i just want to enjoy life it's about my kids. in a matter of weeks the coronavirus took it all away her employer gave her a pink slip a week's notice and annoying doubt about ever recovering what she had the rich getting richer and more or if it's just not here it's not here she's one of more than 30000000 newly unemployed americans suddenly living in upside down american dream millions of them more than any time since the great depression