by the time roosevelt became president. morgan was at the peak of his power and if he was the king of wall street's literally called zeus. on the eve of the inauguration. roosevelt vice president morgan had created the first billion-dollar company in the world. still with us today. as a company that employed more than any other company and control enormous amount of production. it was a huge monopoly. susan: and then just a few months into roosevelt's presidency in november, morgan created the second-biggest company in the world. it's the focus of the book. as a holding company. it was worth about $400 billion which it would be worth about $11 trillion today. so in less than a year he created two of the world's two biggest companies . but beyond that, morgan also controlled the flow of capital. this really worries power and influence came from party to he was wealthy but he wasn't the wealthiest american. but he threw his bacon through jp morgan control capital from europe and america. decide where it should go . along with

the interesting part of roosevelt big -- roosevelt's big and she actually interesting and well known stories was this interaction between them and the ideas they represented, and to have america and the railroads and some of the other railroad magnets also the characters, and as best as i could to kind of layout the landscape and to see just what kind of a country it was that roosevelt was taking command of. >> i think it's interesting you mention sanders. i think it's interesting, this is obviously not historically responsible, but to ask what roosevelt think of sanders? like one of the differences is that roosevelt was not anti-capitalists. he wasn't an ideologue. yet values and ideas but he was not a doctrinaire. in fact, he was very anti-doctrinaire. that was one of his strengths. one of the things that you can talk about little bit is what do you think was roosevelt's -- put it into hyper fluid way -- what you think his theory of capitalism? what was his approach? he took on one of the biggest capitalists of american history. >> that's what's so interesting to me. nuances are al

one of his cabinet members put it this way, he sent a message to roosevelt, on roosevelt's 46th birthday. the message read as follows. you have made a very good start in life and your friends have great hopes for you when you grow up. he was 46. well, surely he sought attention and he always wanted to be the center of attention. it has been said that roosevelt was the kind of person who always wanted to be the bride at every wedding, the corpse at every funeral. my favorite story to illustrate this is, may be apocryphal, but here is the story anyway. the story is on one occasion, roosevelt came up to a friend of his and said i had the most wonderful dream last night. i dreamed that i died and went to heaven. and on the first night, the celestial choir sang. it was magnificent. there were 1000 sopranos. 1000 altos. 1000 basses. and the friend said, what about the tenors? to which roosevelt replied, i sang tenor. so, you get the idea. well, what then was this progressive movement about under roosevelt? let's look first at the domestic accomplishments and we will go through these rather bri

and still theater roosevelt. still theodore roosevelt. the youngest person ever elected to as president was jack kennedy. so i thought you might want to keep that distinction in mind. when he became president, mark hanna was furious and said i told william mckinley it was a mistake to nominate that while man. i asked if he realized what would happen if he should die and now that cowboy is president of the united states. america waited expectantly to see what tr would do. one historian wrote, americans in the early 1900s not easily overlook and agitator who wrought one of the nation's most aristocratic names who could charm sunday school class or later regiment and who happened to be president of the united states. americans probably expected excitement and they were not to be disappointed. mark twain said teddy roosevelt was the tom sawyer of the political world, always hunting for a chance to show off. one of his cabinet members put it this way, he sent a message to roosevelt, on russell's 46th birthday. roosevelt. you have made a good s

all of a sudden, roosevelt, just as you would say roosevelt can't run again, you know roosevelt was a naval president. he was good at war and they knew that. they knew him from world war i when he served the secretary of the navy. he might be a good war leader so all of a sudden people bit their tongue or were tongue-tied and didn't protest against roosevelt. but still it was quite amazing that here they were through their time. >> except, professor madison, the headlines in the summer of 1940 with wendell willkie as the republican nominee, hitler moving into france as well declaring victory and the big question is as you pointed out, great britain next. so juxtapose the politics of 1940 and the looming clouds of war in 1940 and '41. >> it worked remuch to willkie's advantage that frank surrendered to the nazis and that turned americans' attention very forcibly to this war in europe. they didn't want to be a part of it, but they knew they needed a wartime leader, and roosevelt looked a lot better in that context than did any of the republicans. >> we are coming to you with some of the

roosevelt. >> my mother was very beautiful. and she would occasionally say that in the hall family, there were no ugly ducklings. and i was the exception. >> eleanor disappointed her. she was plain. her mother called her granny, which was deeply humiliated for her. and her mother died when she was 8. >> her childhood is nothing but disappointment. her father, who adores her, is a drunk and a junkie. he gets so drunk, he forgets that she's sitting on the steps outside of a men's club. >> her father, who she loved above all, dies at the age of 34. of alcoholism. and one really needs to pause. how much do you need to drink to die at 34 of alcoholism? >> orphaned at 10 years old, eleanor was sent to live with her maternal grandmother. >> it was a very lonely childhood. she had a french governess who was sadistic. she was raised really by servan servants, mostly. some who were kind to her, would bring her dinner if she was exiled to her room. >> when she was 14, we know that three locks suddenly appe

roosevelt. >> good day, ladies and gentlemen. i attended last night -- >> people would sit in the living room, and it was like the first lady was talking to you. >> i want to talk to you about the general question of housing. >> it's like you were sitting there in the living room, and her voice was there. >> eleanor roosevelt connected with ordinary americans, and it was a remarkable thing. and it grew out of her relationship with hick. >> hick falls deeply, deeply in love with eleanor. >> over their lifetime, they write almost 3,000 letters to one another. >> they write about missing each other. you get the feeling of this deep caring between them. and then there will be specific things, i looked at your photograph, and i kissed you in the right corner of your mouth. there's some debate about whether it was physical or not. but i don't think anyone can deny that it was a deep love. >> as a lesbian, nothing would make my political soul happier than to think that eleanor and hick had this great,

so all the sudden roosevelt, just when you're going to say roosevelt can't run again, you know roosevelt was a naval president. he was good at war. they knew that. they knew him from world war i when he served the secretary of the navy. he might be a good war leader. so all of a sudden people bit their tongue, or were tongue tied, and didn't protest against roosevelt. but still it was quite amazing that here they were for a third time. >> in fact, professor madison, the headlines in december of 1940 with wendell willkie as the republican nominee. hitler moving into france as well declaring the victory, the big question was, as you pointed out, great britain next, juxtapose the politics of 1940 and the looming clouds of war. >> it worked very much to willkie's advantage that france surrendered to the nazis a couple of days before the philadelphia convention began and as amity said, that turned americans' attention very forcefully to this war in europe. they didn't want to be a part of it but they knew it might mean they needed a wartime leader. and roosevelt looked a lot better in that co

all of a sudden, roosevelt was -- just when you say roosevelt could not run again, roosevelt was a naval president. he was good at war, they knew for wwi. all of a sudden, people bit their tongue or were tongue-tied and did not protest against roosevelt. still, it was quite amazing that here they were for a third time. >> professor madison, the headlines in the december of 1940 with willkie as the republican nominee, hitler moving to france and declaring victory. as you pointed out, great britain next. juxtapose the politics of 1940 and the looming clouds of war. >> willkie it worked very much to advantage that france surrendered to the nazis before the convention began. that turned america's attention very forcefully to this war in europe. they did not want to be a part of it, they knew it might mean we needed a wartime leader. roosevelt looked a lot better in that context than did any of the republicans. >> we are coming to you with some of the scenes from the rush county historical society in rushville indiana, about an hour from indianapolis and one of the homes of wendell wilkie. he

library series, at home with the roosevelt. fdr library director paul sparrow talks with ellen price, the director of the john f. kennedy presidential library about political relationships between numbers of the roosevelt and kennedy families in particular the alliance between roseville and jfk. the franklin d roosevelt presidential library provided this video. paul: hello and welcome to another edition of at home with the roosevelts. i am paul sparrow, the director of the museum in hyde park, new york. today we will talk about the relationship between two of the most important political families in american history during the 20th century, the roosevelts and kennedys. to assist me in this conversation i am joined by the , director of the jfk library. thank you for joining me. this is one of the most interesting and complicated relationships, multigenerational relationships. two families that are really dynasties in the way they impacted american political life. there is a component of this that a lot of people do not really un

when roosevelt died, a man stopped his wife, eleanor roosevelt, on the street. and he said to her, mrs. roosevelt, i miss your husband. i miss the way that he used to talk to me about government. it's extraordinary. certainly no one would say that about our past presidents, perhaps in the last 25 or 30 years, certainly that i can recall. by the way, people think that roosevelt's constantly on the radio, constantly speaking and giving these fireside chats. in fact, over the almost -- what was it, 13 years that he served in the white house -- he gave 31. that was it. moving on with the idea of vision, john f. kennedy comes to the white house in 1960 and he talks about something called the new frontier. "new" is a big word for presidents. and kennedy says he wants to see money spent on social reform and welfare, as well as there being ambitious projects like going to the moon. unfortunately, he never lived to see it, but it would happen before the end of the decade. other things that happened during his time went along with his vision. but perhaps nothing more than

and roosevelt is aware of this. and he's watching it, but he can't do anything because the country, and the congress, are isolationists. they don't want anything to do with anything. things get really desperate for the english. they are being bombed mercilessly by germany. by the way, if you want to read an excellent book about the bombing and what was going on at this point in the american/british relationship, i recommend a book called "the splendid and the vile," wonderful history of what went on. at any rate, churchill is appealing almost daily to roosevelt, saying please, we're not going to be able to hold out against hitler's much longer -- hitler m muchuc -- much longer. resident appeals to america and congress and they're not buying it. finally, he gives a speech. i'm going to read a quick excerpt of the speech. he says to the congress and to the country, "suppose my neighbor's home catches fire, and i have a length of firehose feet away. if he can take my garden hose and connect it up with his hydrant, i ma

of course roosevelt tried and fell on his ear. let's talk specifically about roosevelt. most people know the term court packing from the roosevelt years. what was his rationale for trying to add seeds to the supreme court, and what happened? guest: the rationale he gave at the beginning was one that he knew wasn't real. he said we need to bring in younger people. it was presented as part of a reform movement for all the judiciaries. younger justices. the way he proposed it was that retire by 70n't years and six months there can on thew judge appointed supreme court. everyone recognized right away that roosevelt was frustrated by a conservative supreme court that rejected some new deal legislation, and he was trying to pack the court with appointees of his own, who would render more favorable decisions wil. the court packing began with roosevelt in an extraordinarily strong position, just winning the greatest landslide in over 100 years, the greatest ever to that point in our modern party system. he had an enormous majority in both houses. , the opposition mounted, includ

it was franklin roosevelt. and franklin roosevelt had died. and truman became the president. and, for a year after, many peopuman as his accident-cy. he kind of was carrying a big load there trying to continue with roosevelt programs. certainly they were very, very big shoes to fill. so, these are the qualities professor dallek teaches us. but what about the less successful presidents of? -- of the 20th century? dallek tells us thathey lacked vision or failed to come up with a simple phrase to explain where they hope to lead it. i'm thinking here of three presidents of the 1920's. warren harding, calvin coolidge, and d then. herbert hoover. i'm wondering if you studied these in history class or in political science or maybe even in communication. if you remember anything particur about any of those three. does anyone have any memories of them? >> during the depression they called -- homeless people town hooverville. that is one of the things i remember. i wento a high school named after president harding. >> did you really? oh, ok. warren harding was a small town magazine bli

that meant her first important contact was teddy roosevelt, not franklin roosevelt. i thought that was a really cool find at the library of congress. >> thank you very much. >> thank you. [ applause ] >>> weeknights this month it's "the contenders," the series that looks at 14 presidential candidates that lost the election but had a lasting effect on u.s. politics. we feature the life and career of thomas dewey, governor dewey lost against president roosevelt in 1940. before that, he was one of most famous prosecutors eastern he remained power. and every weekend on c-span3. >>> "the presidents," available in paperback, hard cover and e-book, from public affairs, presents biographies of every president. as americans go to the polls next month to decide who should lead our country, this collection offers perspectives into the lives and events that foraged each president's leadership style. to learn more about all of our presidents and the book's featured historians, visit c-span.org/thepresidents and order your copy today wherever books are

lost against roosevelt in 1920. before that he was one of the most famous prosecutorial attorneys in the country he remained powerful in -- enjoy american history tv this week and every weekend on c-span 3. gov. thomas e. dewey which is over california on his campaign around the nation. striking at communist elements in government, the gop governor, of new york, governor of new york reaches california. making a bra for world peace, the gop leader draws a big audience. next step is portland, oregon with miss dewy by his side. he makes another strong bid for the northwest ballots. it appears he has at least one supporter. those are some of the region's finest sentiment specimen. we'll know soon. november is just a rant the corner. president truman continues his swing around the circuit. meeting former president in texas. the chief executive gets a president which he says he passed around the white house lawn for the next four years. he goes to the home of his friend, where he has breakfast and it's a warm welcome. lat

the old teddy roosevelt wing of the party. charles evans hughes, who was profile d earlier in this serie, was very much in that tradition. tom dewey represented that in the '30s, '40s and into the 'oo 50s, then eisenhower. opposed to that were the conservative midwesterners. many isolation iists, who ralli around bob taft. ironically, president taft, who with tr, had precipitated the split in 1912. that split never really healed. so in 1946, when the republicans took congress, it was the conservatives who became the face of the party. you had the other governors who were much more willing to work with the new deal premesis. >> tomas e. dewey ran, lost, but changed political history any way. here he is launching his campaign in 1948 and the criticism that he has of the truman administration. >> we enter into a campaign to unite all americans. on january 20th, we will enter a new era. there will begin, in washington, the biggest unraveling, unsnarling, unhatangle ining opn in our nation's history. >> what do you make of what he

roosevelt is a great politician. he knows what this means and he says, i've forced henry wallace on the party once. i can't do it twice. i can't do it twice. he's got to go. not in so many words. not in so many words, but he eventually slits wallace's throat. so who do you replace him with? the guy you replace him with is a guy that's not too southern, not too northern, not too conservative. not too liberal. respected by the unions, but not really in the pocket of the unions and that's harry truman. he fits in all the slots. they put him on the ticket in 1944 and by april 1945 franklin roosevelt is dead and harry truman goes to the white house and says to eleanor roosevelt, can i pray for you and she says, no. we need to pray for you because you are the fellow who is in trouble now. he starts off very popular. the war is won. the atomic bombs are dropped on japan. there's v.j. day and america is at peace, finally, and harry truman reaches a por lairity level of 27%. it goes downhill real fast and people, some of that

franklin roosevelt is looking for a fourth term. the war is still on and in 1940, he had dumped his vice president, john gardner, who had grown a bit too conservative for a new deal. he puts in henry wallace, his secretary of the agriculture, who is a very left wing kind of new age kind of guy for back then. he forces wallace on the ticket in 1940. the democratic party does not really want him. in 1944, roosevelt is getting word back that if you keep this guy on the ticket, he could cost you 1 million votes. >> roosevelt is a great politician. he knows what this means. he says i've forced henry wallace on the party once. i can't do it twice. i can't do it twice. he's got to go. not and so many words, not so many words, but he eventually slits wallace is throat. so who did he replace him with? the guy you replacing with is a guy who's not to southern, not to northern, not too conservative, not too liberal, respected by the union, but not really in the pocket of the unions. that is harry truman. he fits in all the slots. they put him

they both shared the affection of franklin roosevelt. in different ways. >> elenor was enormously valuable -- frances perkins was the one who came up with the ideas and enacted the legislation. franklin roosevelt was the one who had the political savvy and popular to make things happen. and eleanor was the one who could popularize these ideas. the two women were friends. they loved each other as allies of a lifetime due. and they were also fears rivals and often jealous of each other. at the end of their lives though, there's a wonderful picture of the two women at the 50th anniversary of the triangle shirt waist fires and their heads are big and close together and you can see what sincere friendship and affection they have for each other. despite whatever little chance they may have had over the years. >> thank you very much for writing the book i enjoyed it very much and i agree with you that it is an issue that needs to be brought forward. do you think that the book brings any new research or addition to the historiography of that per

because he doesn't like roosevelt? is it because he has actually changed his mind seas roosevelt and acted the new deal? these are all sort of open questions about their relationship. >> now back to your calls on the contenders. sheridan, arkansas arkansas yes, my grandfather al bert godwin was a county democrat chairman, a state senator and supporter of al smith. compare al smith's campaign for president and dewey's campaigns for president. >> well, let's ask the former new york constituent assembly the story and if he can do that in a minute or less. >> oh, sure! dewey will be the subject of a future contenders i think in two weeks. >> there vl no comparison. with dewey the personalities couldn't be really couldn't be. first of all if smith is a democrat, dewey is a republican. smith is a progressive, pre-new deal campaigner. dewey takes over the reins in new york state after he heats the hand-picked successor of f.d.r. and al smith and he runs new york state during the new deal, and he is by all accounts somebody th

and roosevelt said, "i sang tenor," so you get the idea. next on lectures in history, brigham young university professor j buckley teaches a class about lewis and clark's expedition across the american west. also known as the core of discovery expedition, he describes the goal to map a route to the pacific coast, as well as to map a route of the people, flora, and fauna in the new territory. the class was taught online due to the coronavirus pandemic and

and roosevelt said yes he supported that. dewey was not supportive of that and dewey said later on roosevelt won the election and history has proven i was right. >> you talk about the divide in the republican party over international issues. do they come back together in time for the '48 campaign? do the taft and dewey wings come together? >> it was pained over. but in fact it was very shrewd on truman's part to see that as the achilles heel that republican unit was unit in name only and to try to almost eliminate dewey and to suggest that if you vote for this man, what you're going to get is bob taft and the midwest conservative republican party. and to be frank, dewey did very little. he and taft despised each other. their rivalry was one of the great intellectual and personal contests in american history. it's on the scale of jefferson and hamilton. it's about something. it's not just about personal ambition, it's about a different view of the world, a different view of government at home, a different view of what the repu

so teddy roosevelt was the first roosevelt to be wheelchair-bound while president. not fdr. [inaudible question] >> joe biden just declared he's this week joe biden just declared he's running for , president. what do you think the chance of him becoming president? jared: i've learned i'm not a pollster. i've also learned about predictions by the way. if you make them far enough in advance, you have the luxury of everybody forgetting if you're wrong and then you get to remind people that you are a genus if you're right. one year is not enough time to do that. what i will say, we're in the longest period of time in history without a president dying in office. the previous longest period was george washington to william henry harrison. we are in the longest. of without a president die in office we have the oldest president in history of the republic. and at least two of the serious contenders on the democratic side are in their 70s. and yet we are still treating this election of a vice president like a political gimmick. so, i think the danger with how we think about vice presi

then it was here, on april 12, 1945 that president roosevelt died. a casualty of war as surely as any who fell in combat. and the free world mourned. american leaders wept. maybe even more important was the reaction of the american people. naval chief petty officer graham jackson, a black man, cried as he played his accordion and tribute to fdr not far from here. and the story is told, that when franklin delano roosevelt 's funeral went by, a man collapsed and grief. the neighbor asked him, did you know the president? his response was, no, the man said, but he knew me. he knew me. few words better describe the kind of president our nation needs right now. a president who is not in it for himself, but for others. a president that does not divide us, but unites us. a president who appeals not to the worst in us, but to the best. a president who cares less about his tv ratings and more about the american people. a president who looks not to settle scores, but to find solutions. a president guided not by wishful thinking, but by science, reason and fact.

franklin roosevelt came to use waters" toeutic rebuild himself. stricken by the polio in 1921, he suffered from paralysis. like many other americans in those pre-vaccine decades, fdr longed to live an independent life. a life that was not defined by his illness. to him, and to so many others facing physical challenges, warm springs offered therapy for the body, and i might add, and the soul. but it offered something else as well. fdr came looking for a cure. but it was the lessons he learned here that he used to lift a nation. empathy, courage, optimism. this place represented a way forward. a way of restoration, resilience and healing. as years have followed, fdr had come back to warm springs often. think about how to heal the nation and the world. that's exactly what he did. lifting us out of the great depression. defeating tyranny, saving democracy. then it was here, on april 12, 1945 that president roosevelt .ied a casualty of war as surely as any who fell in combat. and the free world mourned. american leaders wept. maybe even more important,

roosevelt to make the rest. and he lost the state by a narrow vote, franklin rose veos was elected for his first term of governor. his opponent was alford e. smith. >> franklin d. roosevelt, having received more than two-thirds of all of the delegates voting, i proclaim him the nominee of this convention for president of the united states. >> you have nominated me and i know it. and i am here to thank you for the honor. i pledge myself to a new deal for the american people. >> and back live in the new york state assembly chairman. beverly, how did we get from 1928, fdr calling al smith the happy warrior and supporting him, to 1932, presidential election? >> right. well, 1928, they are allies and they had been allies before that as well. both coming up through the same new york democratic party and a couple of things happen between 1928 and 1932, some of which are very personal and some of which are on a grand scale. the most important thing that happens between 1928 and 1932 is of course that we enter the depres

roosevelt's election, al smith had very harsh words to say both about president roosevelt, the new deal and the democratic party. and do you think it was because he feared that the democratic party was edging too close to socialism and away from true progressivism? >> i think that his initial responses in 1928 were more of a emotional response. basically, saying, and he admitted it, saying i'm done, i'm not going run again and then he comes back in '32 and said, well, i changed my mind. he wanted to set the record straight and say, you know, i think i can do a good job on this. his split with roosevelt is hard to explain. a lot of historians have struggled with this. he alternatively said it went poor far, and then he says in certain things that's okay. he supports preparation for the war in the late '30s. but then he will not support roosevelt in 1940. it's kind of hard to pin smith down near the end except that he thinks that the federal government is growing too big. he blames some of the proliferation as the alphabet agencies as to how government's gotten off track, and he kind of h

thomas dewey lost against president roosevelt in 1940. before that he was one of the most famous prosecuting attorneys in the country and he remained powerful in the republican party. watch tonight beginning at 8:00 eastern and enjoy american history tv this week and every weekend on ♪ ♪ >>> you're watching american history tv, every weekend on c-span3 explore our nation's past. c-span3, created by america's cable television companies as a public service and brought to you today by your television provider. >> up next on american history tv, the author of the woman behind the new deal, the life of francis perkins, fdr secretary of labor and moral conscience. the author spoke at the ninth annual book festival held on the national mall. >> this is very interesting and personally meaningful

one >> could you comment on her relationship to eleonora roosevelt? >> frances perkins and alien arose have had a very interesting complicated relationship. they both shared the affection of franklin roosevelt, in different ways. eleanor was an enormously valuable -- frances perkins was the one who came up with the ideas, and enacted legislation. franklin roosevelt was the one who had the political savvy, and popularity to make things happen. and eleanor was the one who could popularized the zeid eons. the two women were friends, they loved each other, as allies of a lifetime due, and they were also fierce rivals and often jealous of each other. at the end of their lives, there's a wonderful picture of the two women, at the 50th anniversary of the triangle fire, and their heads are bent in close to each other, and you could see what sincere friendship and affection they had for each other. despite, whatever little tip stay may have had over the years. >> yes, thank you very much for writing the book, i enjoyed it very much. and i agree with you that i

it includes stories about the 1944 presidential election, the fall of mussolini and franklin roosevelt signing the gi bill. ♪ ♪ >> ♪ ♪ >> the city of chicago is the scene of the 1944 republican national convention. signs everywhere welcome delegates gathered to nominate a republican candidate for president. governor booker of ohio, who was nominate candidate for vice president, and here is senator taft from ohio, prominent among the delegates. the nomination of new york's governor dewey was conceded almost before the convention opened. congressman martin, permanent chairman of the convention, chats with former governor landon. london was the 1936 republican nominee for president. when the book it was the 1940s standard bearer. chicago is seen many a political convention. not since abraham lincoln did in election your having to fall in wartime, but the war has not honored the established processes of democracy. 1057 delegates represent the nation's 48 states. 529 votes are needed to nominate a candidate. every detail of the session is broadcast by radio and buy newspapers from c

and in 1944, roosevelt is getting the word back. you keep him on the tick tet and he could cost you a million votes. he says i can't do it twice, he has to go. not so many words, but he, slits walla wallace's throat. he picks a replacement that is not too liberal, respected by the unions, but not really in the pocket of the unions. that is harry truman. they put him on the ticket in 1944 frankly roosevelt is did. and harry truman goes to the white house and says can i pray for you? and she says no, we need to pray for you, you're the fellow who is in trouble now. he starts off very popular. the war is won, the atomic bombs are dropped on japan. vj day, america is at peace, finally and harry truman reaches a popularity level of 87%. it goes downhill real fast. and people, some of it is beyond his control, but some of them, there are reasons why his popularity drops. he is not franklin roosevelt. right now all of the republicans are saying who is the next reagan? boy, we miss reagan a lot. and back then it was by god, by god how we mi

when franklin roosevelt came to use the therapeutic waters to rebuild himself. in 1921, hepolio suffered from paralysis. ofe many other americans those pre-vaccine decades, fdr longed to live an independent life. a life that was not defined by his illness. and to so many others facing physical challenges, warm springs offered therapy for the body and the soul. it offered something else as well. fdr came looking for a cure. it was the lessons he learned lift aat he used to nation. humility, empathy, courage, optimism. this place represented a way forward. a way of restoration, resilience, healing. in the years that followed, fdr would come back often. to think about how to heal the nation and the world. that is exactly what he did. he lifted us out of the great depression. defeating tierney. saving democracy. on april 12, 1945 the president roosevelt died. sure is anyf war that fell in combat. the free world mourned. american leaders wept. was there importantly, reaction of the american people. petty officer, a black man, cried as he played his accordion and trib

theodore roosevelt uses the bully pulpit. he creates these relationships with journalists and uses public opinion to launch and advocate for very specific policies. franklin roosevelt takes this a step further. he capitalizes on radio and uses that to create an intimate connection with the american public. and i am going to play you a quick clip, just to give you a sense of what this sounded like. again, thinking about if you were a listener. you were tuning into your radio during the 1930s to listen to your president. this would have been what you heard. >> ladies and gentlemen, the president of the united states. >> my friends, i want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the united states about banking. to start with the comparatively few who understand the mechanics of banking, but more particularly with the overwhelming majority of you who use banks for the making of deposits and withdrawing of checks. >> what did he do, just in that very simple opening? >> he definitely personalizes the chat. he uses i, you, we,

roosevelt himself is the only person in the picture not crying. how did riis meet theodore roosevelt? that is the story of his activism in new york city. we have we have here in our case on allies the basic story of the bromance between theodore roosevelt and jacob riis. they first met in 1894. the new administration was elected in new york city that was a reform administration under mayor william strong. it is often described as "the good government" movement. in that one administration, a lot of the social reforms riis had been recommending along with other people in his network of reform were manifested, including better sanitation. one of the things strong was famous for was appointing sanitation engineers who wore -- created the white wings, who were senator he workers who wore pristine white uniforms and prorated down for -- fifth avenue as an army of sanitation. the issue roosevelt and riis worked on primarily was the closing of police lodging houses. the way they met was, mayor strong appointed theodore roosevelt as police commissioner dur

and i fought for the reforms of the theodore roosevelt and wood row wul silson before another roosevelt adopted and distorted the word liberal. i believe that the farces of free enterprise must be regulated. i'm opposed to business monopolies. i believe in the right of collective bargaining by labor without any interference and full protection of that obvious right. i believe in minimum standards for wages and maximum standards for ours and i believe such standards should constantly um prove. i'm in favor of the regulation of interstate utilities, of banking, of the security markets. i believe in federal pensions. and adequate old age benefits and unmoiment allowances. i believe that the federal government owes a duty to adjust the position of the farmer with that of the manufacturer f this cannot be done by this, some other method must be found without too much regiment of the farmers affairs. i believe in the encouragement of cooperative buying and selling. and in the full extension of rural elections and i believe that the federal government owes a very strong obligation to preserve

he and roosevelt. roosevelt was touring the west, reviving his popularity. they used the fire as the rallying cry that saved conservation. they gave speeches, they wrote p-eds.s -- o the rangers who fought this, they were made into heroes. the press made them into heroes. suddenly, public sentiment shifted and you saw dramatic effect in congress. they funded the agency, doubled its budget and created a bill lingering since roosevelt's day to create national forests in the east. you would not have national forests in the adirondacks and new england and pennsylvania without this fire. >> polaski stayed and this is where he lived. he began rebuilding the trails, putting new lookouts out, sending new people out to fight new fires. overseeing the cleanup, the rehab, the logging, all of it. as part of that larger task, he invented a tool. he thought we needed a combination tool to grub with. some kind of cutting tool, an ax . he put them together in his backyard forge and over a number of years, he refined it and this was adopted and it became the polaski tool whi

franklin roosevelt takes this a step further. he capitalizes on radio and uses that to create an intimate connection with the american public. i'm going to play you a quick clip just to give you a sense of what this sounded like, thinking about if you were a listener. you were tuning into your radio, during the 1930's, to listen to your president. this would have been what you heard. >> the president of the united states. >> my friends, i want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the united states about banking. the comparatively few who understand the mechanics of banking, but more particularly with the overwhelming majority of you who use banks for the making of deposits and the drawing of cheques. >> very simple opening? >> he definitely personalizes the chat. he uses i, you, we. he creates this personal link between the presidency and the people so that they feel like he's on their side and that they also have a place in this huge bureaucratic thing that he has begun to create. >> uh-huh. absolutely. personalizing the

the news of franklin delano roosevelt's death went out on the wires. an editor in chicago trying to his colleague and said, clear the decks for action. i say to you today, if you give me the honor of serving as your president, clear the decks for action for we will act. we will act on the first day of my presidency to get covid under control. we will act to pass an economic plan that will finally reward work, not wealth in this country. we will act to pass my health care plan to provide an accessible health care for every american and drug prices that are genetically lower. -- dramatically lower. we will act to pass the biting climate plan to meet the -- biden climate plan to meet the challenges of a climate crisis while creating millions of good pay, high-paying labor jobs. we will act to address -- we will act to give working people a shot again. we will act to restore our faith in democracy and our faith in one another. today, we are facing a public health crisis of historic proportions. with winter at hand, it is getting worse. just last friday, 83

when the conference convened, franklin roosevelt was missing. the man who had helped weld to the united nations together as a fighting team and worked to keep them united in the peace to come had died before he could see his dream come true. but his words were in every mind and heart. pres. roosevelt: 25 years ago, american fighting men looked to the statesman of the world to furnish the work for peace for which they fought and suffered. we failed them. we failed them then. we cannot fail them again and expect the world to survive again. van dyke: president truman, roosevelt's friend and successor, opened the conference by radio from washington. pres. truman: delegates to united nations conference on international organization, it is not the purpose of this conference to draft a treaty of peace in the old sense of that term. this conference will devote its energies and its labors exclusively to the single problem of setting up the essential organization to keep the peace. you are to write the fundamental charter. van dyke: as the delegates broke

roosevelt was touring the west, reviving his popularity. and they used this fire as the rallying cry that saves conservation. they gave speeches. they wrote op-eds. the rangers who fought this thing, they were made heroes. the press portrays them as heroic. it was covered all over the u.s. "the new york times" had several-page stories. the european press covered it. so, suddenly, public sentiment shifted, and you saw a dramatic effect in congress, where they refunded the agency. they doubled its budget, and they created a bill lingering since roosevelt's day to create national forests in the east. you would not have national forests in the adirondacks and virginia and pennsylvania and new england without this fire. >> pulaski stayed, and this is where he lived. he began rebuilding the trails, putting new lookouts out, sending new people out to fight new fires, overseeing the cleanup, the rehab, the salvage logging, all of it. as part of that larger task, he invented a tool. he thought we needed a combination tool, something to grub with, so